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Cyclospora cayetanensis infection in humans: biological characteristics, clinical features, epidemiology, detection method and treatment

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 November 2019

Junqiang Li ,
Rongjun Wang ,
Yuancai Chen ,
Lihua Xiao  and
Longxian Zhang Open the ORCID record for Longxian Zhang [Opens in a new window]
Junqiang Li
Affiliation:
International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan Province China, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou450046, China Scientific Research Experiment Center & Laboratory Animal Center, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Henan, China
Rongjun Wang
Affiliation:
International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan Province China, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou450046, China
Yuancai Chen
Affiliation:
International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan Province China, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou450046, China
Lihua Xiao*
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou510642, China
Longxian Zhang*
Affiliation:
International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan Province China, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou450046, China
*
Author for correspondence: Longxian Zhang, E-mail: [email protected]; Lihua Xiao, E-mail: [email protected]
Author for correspondence: Longxian Zhang, E-mail: [email protected]; Lihua Xiao, E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Cyclospora cayetanensis, a coccidian parasite that causes protracted and relapsing gastroenteritis, has a short recorded history. At least 54 countries have documented C. cayetanensis infections and 13 of them have recorded cyclosporiasis outbreaks. Cyclospora cayetanensis infections are commonly reported in developing countries with low-socioeconomic levels or in endemic areas, although large outbreaks have also been documented in developed countries. The overall C. cayetanensis prevalence in humans worldwide is 3.55%. Among susceptible populations, the highest prevalence has been documented in immunocompetent individuals with diarrhea. Infections are markedly seasonal, occurring in the rainy season or summer. Cyclospora cayetanensis or Cyclospora-like organisms have also been detected in food, water, soil and some other animals. Detection methods based on oocyst morphology, staining and molecular testing have been developed. Treatment with trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (TMP–SMX) effectively cures C. cayetanensis infection, whereas ciprofloxacin is less effective than TMP–SMX, but is suitable for patients who cannot tolerate co-trimoxazole. Here, we review the biological characteristics, clinical features, epidemiology, detection methods and treatment of C. cayetanensis in humans, and assess some risk factors for infection with this pathogen.

Keywords

Biological characteristicclinical featureCyclospora cayetanensisdetection methodepidemiologytreatment
Type
Review Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 147 , Issue 2 , February 2020 , pp. 160 - 170
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Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2019

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