Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-m6dg7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T15:05:21.719Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Cadmium effects on Ichthyophthirius: evidence for metal-sequestration in fish tissues following administration of recombinant vaccines

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 November 2003

Y. BISHARYAN ,
Q. CHEN ,
M. M. HOSSAIN ,
A. PAPOYAN  and
T. G. CLARK
Y. BISHARYAN
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
Q. CHEN
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 Current address: Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Wusi Road North 247, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350003, People's Republic of China.
M. M. HOSSAIN
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
A. PAPOYAN
Affiliation:
United States Plant, Soil, and Nutrition Laboratory, USDA/ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
T. G. CLARK
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

We are developing Tetrahymena thermophila as a delivery system for recombinant vaccines against parasitic protozoa, including the common fish parasite, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. T. thermophila cell lines expressing I. multifiliis genes under the control of a cadmium-inducible metallothionein gene promoter conferred strong protection against a lethal parasite challenge when administered parenterally to naïve fish. Nevertheless, given that heavy metals can be toxic to parasites, a question arose as to whether protection resulted from Cd residues carried over with the vaccine, rather than acquired immunity per se. To address this issue, we examined the sensitivity of I. multifiliis to Cd in vitro and determined Cd concentrations in different host tissues following i.p. injection of juvenile channel catfish with the recombinant vaccine. We found that CdCl2 at concentrations [ges ]50 ppb were lethal to I. multifiliis theronts in vitro. Furthermore, Cd concentrations were clearly elevated in fish tissues and reached levels equivalent to 74 ng/g wet weight (74 ppb) in the skin within 14 days of injection with recombinant T. thermophila. Nevertheless, fish injected with non-transformed Tetrahymena grown in the presence or absence of CdCl2 showed no significant difference in either relative survival or parasite load following direct challenge with I. multifiliis.

Keywords

Ichthyophthirius multifiliisheavy metalparasiteTetrahymena thermophilavaccine
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 126 , Issue 7 , March 2003 , pp. S87 - S93
Copyright
© 2003 Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

CLARK, T. G. & DICKERSON, H. W. (1997). Antibody-mediated effects on parasite behavior: evidence of a novel mechanism of immunity against a parasitic protist. Parasitology Today 13, 477–480.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
CLARK, T. G., LIN, T. L. & DICKERSON, H. W. (1995). Surface immobilization antigens of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis: their role in protective immunity. Annual Review of Fish Diseases 5, 113–131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DE CONTO CINIER, C., PETIT-RAMEL, M., FAURE, R., GARIN, D. & BOUVET, Y. (1999). Kinetics of cadmium accumulation and elimination in carp Cyprinus carpio tissues. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C 122, 345–352.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DICKERSON, H. W. & DAWE, D. L. (1995). Ichthyophthirius multifiliis and Cryptocaryon irritans (Phylum Ciliophora). In Fish Diseases and Disorders (ed. Woo, P. T. K.), pp. 181–227. Wallingford Oxon, CAB International.
FARLEY, D. G. & HECKMANN, R. ( 1980). Attempts to control Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Fouquet (Ciliophora: Ophryloglenidae) by chemotherapy and electrotherapy. Journal of Fish Diseases 3, 203–212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
GAERTIG, J., GAO, Y., TISHGARTEN, T., CLARK, T. G. & DICKERSON, H. W. (1999). Surface display of a parasite antigen in the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila. Nature Biotechnology 17, 462–465.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
HOLLIS, L., HOGSTRAND, C. & WOOD, C. M. (2001). Tissue-specific cadmium accumulation, metallothionein induction, and tissue zinc and copper levels during chronic sublethal cadmium exposure in juvenile rainbow trout. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 41, 468–474.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LAFFERTY, K. D. (1997). Environmental parasitology: what can parasites tell us about human impacts on the environment? Parasitology Today 13, 251–255.Google Scholar
LIN, T. L., CLARK, T. G. & DICKERSON, H. W. (1996). Passive immunization of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) against the ciliated protozoan parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis by use of murine monoclonal antibodies. Infection and Immunity 6, 4085–4090.Google Scholar
LIN, Y., LIN, T. L., WANG, C. C., WANG, X., KLOBFLEISCH, R., STIEGER, K. & CLARK, T. G. (2002). Variation in primary sequence and tandem repeat copy number among i-antigens of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 120, 93–106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LING, K. H., SIN, Y. M. & LAM, T. J. (1993). Effect of copper sulfate on ichthyophthiriasis (white spot disease) in goldfish (Carassius auratus). Aquaculture 118, 23–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MACKENZIE, K., WILLIAMS, H. H., WILLIAMS, B., McVICAR, A. H. & SIDDALL, R. (1995). Parasites as indicators of water quality and the potential use of helminth transmission in marine pollution studies. Advances in Parasitology 35, 85–144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MATTHEWS, R. A. (1994). Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Fouquet, 1876: infection and protective response within the fish host. In Parasitic Diseases of Fish (ed. Pike, A. W. & Lewis, J. W.), pp. 17–42. Dyfed, Samara.
NOE, J. G. & DICKERSON, H. W. (1995). Sustained growth of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis at low temperature in the laboratory. Journal of Parasitology 81, 1022–1024.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
OLSVIK, P. A., GUNDERSEN, P., ANDERSEN, R. A. & ZACHARIASSEN, K. E. (2001). Metal accumulation and metallothionein in brown trout, Salmo trutta, from two Normwegian rivers differently contaminated with Cd, Cu and Zn. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C 128, 189–201.Google Scholar
PICCINNI, E., IRATO, P., COPPELLOTTI, O. & GUIDOLIN, L. ( 1987). Biochemical and ultrastructural data on Tetrahymena pyriformis treated with copper and cadmium. Journal of Cell Science 88, 283–293.Google Scholar
PICCINNI, E., IRATO, P. & GUIDOLIN, L. ( 1990). Cadmium-thionein in Tetrahymena thermophila and Tetrahymena pyriformis. European Journal of Protistology 26, 176–181.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SCHLENK, D., GOLLON, J. L. & GRIFFIN, B. R. (1998). Efficacy of copper sulfate for the treatment of ichthyophthiriasis in channel catfish. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 10, 390–396.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SHANG, Y., SONG, X., BOWEN, J., CORSTANJE, R., GAO, Y., GAERTIG, J. & GOROVSKY, M. A. (2002). A robust inducible-repressible promoter greatly facilitates gene knockouts, conditional expression, and overexpression of homologous and heterologous genes in Tetrahymena thermophila. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, USA 99, 3734–3739.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
STRAUS, D. L. (1993). Prevention of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis infestation in channel catfish fingerlings by copper sulfate treatment. Journal of Aquatic Animal-Health 5, 152–154.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
TIEMAN, D. M. & GOODWIN, A. E. (2001). Treatments for Ichthyophthirius multifiliis infestations in channel catfish evaluated under static and flow-through water conditions. North American Journal of Aquaculture 63, 293–299.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
WANG, X. & DICKERSON, H. W. (2002). Surface immobilization antigen of the parasitic ciliate Ichthyophthirius multifiliis elicits protective immunity in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 9, 176–181.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
WOODLING, J. D., BRINKMAN, S. F. & HORN, B. J. (2001). Nonuniform accumulation of cadmium and copper in kidneys of wild brown trout (Salmo trutta) populations. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 40, 381–385.Google Scholar