Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-r5fsc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T09:25:37.709Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Analysis of parasite host-switching: limitations on the use of phylogenies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 October 2009

J. A. Jackson
J. A. Jackson
Affiliation:
School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 IUG, UK
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Even the most generalist parasites usually occur in only a subset of potential host species, a tendency which reflects overriding environmental constraints on their distributions in nature. The periodic shifting of these limitations represented by host-switches may have been an important process in the evolution of many host-parasite assemblages. To study such events, however, it must first be established where and when they have occurred. Past host-switches within a group of parasites are usually inferred from a comparison of the parasite phylogeny with that of the hosts. Congruence between the phylogenies is often attributed to a history of association by descent with cospeciation, and incongruence to host-switching or extinction in ‘duplicated’ parasite lineages (which diverged without a corresponding branching of the host tree). The inference of host-switching from incongrucnt patterns is discussed. Difficulties arise because incongruence can frequently be explained by different combinations of biologically distinct events whose relative probabilities are uncertain. Also, the models of host parasite relationships implicit in historical reconstructions may often not allow for plausible sources of incongruence other than host-switching or duplication/extinction, or for the possibility that colonization could, in some circumstances, be disguised by ‘false’ congruence.

Keywords

Host-switchingphylogeniescospeciation
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 119 , Supplement S1: Parasite Adaptation to Environmental Constraints , December 1999 , pp. S111 - S123
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1999

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Barker, S. C. (1991). Evolution of host-parasite associations among species of lice and rockwallabies: convolution? International Journal for Parasitology 21, 497–501.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barker, S. C. (1996). Lice, cospeciation and parasitism. International Journal for Parasitology 26, 219–222.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brooks, D. R. (1979). Testing the context and extent of host-parasite coevolution. Systematic Zoology 28, 299–307.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brooks, D. R. (1980). Allopatric speciation and non-interactive parasite community structure. Systematic Zoology 29, 192 203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brooks, D. R. (1981). Hennig's parasitological method: a proposed solution. Systematic Zoology 30, 229 249.Google Scholar
Brooks, D. R. (1987). Analysis of host parasite coevolution. International Journal for Parasitology 17, 291–297.Google Scholar
Brooks, D. R. (1988). Macroevolutionary comparisons of host and parasite phylogenies. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 19, 235 259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brooks, D. R. (1990). Parsimony analysis in historical biogeography and coevolution – methodological and theoretical update. Systematic Zoology 39, 14–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brooks, D. R. & Bandoni, s. M. (1988). Coevolution and relicts. Systematic Zoology 37, 19–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brooks, D. R. & Mclennan, D. A. (1991). Phytogeny, Ecology and Behaviour. Chicago, Chicago University Press.Google Scholar
Brooks, D. R. & O'Grady, R. T. (1989). Crocodilians and their helminth parasites: macroevolutionary considerations. American Zoologist 29, 873–883.Google Scholar
Charleston, M. A. (1998). Jungles: a new solution to the host/parasite phylogeny reconciliation problem. Mathematical Biosciences 149, 191–223.Google Scholar
Chencil, A., Galiter, N. & Berrebi, P. (1999). A test of the hypothesis of an autopolyploid vs. allopolyploid origin for a tctraploid lineage: application to the genus Barbus (Cyprinidae). Heredity 82, 373–380.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clark, M. A., Moran, N. A., Baumann, P. & Wernegreen, J. J. (2000). Cospeciation between bacterial endosymbionts (Buehnera) and a recent radiation of aphids (Uroleucon) and pitfalls of testing for phylogenetic congruence. Evolution 54, 517 525.Google Scholar
Clayton, D. H., Price, R. D. & Page, R. D. M (1996). Revision of Dennyus (Collodennyus) lice (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from swiftlets, with descriptions of new taxa and a comparison of host- parasite relationships. Systematic Entomology 21, 179–204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Combes, C. (1991). Evolution of parasite life cycles. In Parasite-Host Associations: Coexistence or Conflict? (ed. Toft, C. A., Aeschlimann, A. & Bolis, L.), pp. 62–82. Oxford, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hafner, M. S., Haener, P. D., Suddman, F. X., Villahlanca, X., Spradling, T. A., Demastes, J. W. & Nadler, s. A. (1994). Disparate rates of molecular evolution in cospeciating hosts and parasites. Science 265, 1087–1090.Google Scholar
Hafner, M. S. & Nadler, S. A. (1988). Phylogenetic trees support the coevolution of parasites and their hosts. Nature 332, 258–259.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Haener, M. S. & Nadler, S. A. (1990). Cospeciation in host-parasite assemblages: comparative analysis of rates of evolution and timing of cospeciation. Systematic Zoology 39, 192 204.Google Scholar
Haener, M. S. & Page, R. D. M (1995). Molecular phylogenies and host-parasite cospeciation: gophers and lice as a model. Philosophical Transactions of The Royal Society of London, B 349, 77–83.Google Scholar
Hoberg, E. P., Brooks, D. R. & Siegel-CAUSEY, D. (1997). Host-parasite co-speciation: history, principles and prospects. In Host-Parasite Evolution: General Principles and Avian Models (ed. Clayton, D. H. & Moore, J.), pp. 212–235. Oxford, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Huelsenbeck, J. P., Rannala, B. & Larget, B. (2000). A Bayesian framework for the analysis of cospeciation. Evolution 54, 352–364.Google ScholarPubMed
Huelsenbeck, J. P., Rannala, B. & Yang, Z. H. (1997). Statistical tests of host-parasite cospeciation. Evolution 51, 410–419.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jackson, J. A., Tlnsley, R. C. & kigoolo, S. (1998). Polyploidy and parasitic infection in Xenopus species from western Uganda. Herpetological Journal 8, 19–22.Google Scholar
Klassen, G. J. (1992). Coevolution: a history of the macroevolutionary approach to studying host-parasite associations. Journal of Parasitology 78, 573–587.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kobel, H. R. (1996). Allopolyploid speciation. In The Biology of Xenopus (ed. Tinsley, R. C. & Kobel, H. R.), pp. 391–401. Oxford, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Mindell, D. P., Shultz, J. W. & Ewald, P. W. (1995). The AIDS pandemic is new, but is HIV new? Systematic Biology 44, 77–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nee, S., Holmes, E. C., May, R. M. & Harvey, P. H. (1994 a). Extinction rates can be estimated from molecular phylogenies. Philosophical Transactions of The Royal Society of London, B 344, 77 82.Google Scholar
Nee, S., May, R. M. & Harvey, p. H. (1994 b). The reconstructed evolutionary process. Philosophical Transactions of The Royal Society of London, B 344, 305–311.Google Scholar
Nelson, G. & Platnick, N. (1981). Systematics and Biogeography: Cladistics and Vicariance. New York, Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Page, R. D. M (1990 a). Temporal congruence and cladistic analysis of biogeography and cospeciation. Systematic Zoology 39, 205–226.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Page, R. D. M (1990 b). Component analysis: a valiant failure? Cladistics 6, 119–136.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Page, R. D. M (1991). Clocks, clades, and cospeciation – comparing rates of evolution and timing of cospeciation events in host-parasite assemblages. Systematic Zoology 40, 188–198.Google Scholar
Page, R. D. M (1993). Parasites, phylogeny and cospeciation. International Journal for Parasitology 23, 499–506.Google Scholar
Page, R. D. M (1994). Parallel phylogenies: reconstructing the history of host-parasite assemblages. Cladistics 10, 155–173.Google Scholar
Page, R. D. M (1996). Temporal congruence revisited: comparison of mitochondrial DNA sequence divergence in cospeciating pocket gophers and their chewing lice. Systematic Biology 45, 151 167.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Page, R. D. M & Charleston, M. A. (1998). Trees within trees: phylogeny and historical associations. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 13, 356 359.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Page, R. D. M, Clayton, D. H. & Paterson, A. M. (1996). Lice and cospeciation: a response to Barker. International Journal for Parasitology 26, 213 218.Google Scholar
Page, R. D. M, Lee, P. L. M., Becher, S. A., Griffiths, R. & Clayton, D. H. (1998). A different tempo of mitochondrial DNA evolution in birds and their parasitic lice. Molecular Phytogenetics and Evolution 9, 276 293.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Paterson, A. M. & Gray, R. D. (1997). Host-parasite cospeciation, host switching, and missing the boat. In Host-Parasite Evolution: General Principles and Avian Models (ed. Clayton, D. H. & Moore, J.), pp. 236–250. Oxford, Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paterson, A. M. & Poulin, R. (1999). Have chondracanthid copepods co-speciated with their teleost hosts? Systematic Parasitology 44, 79–85.Google Scholar
Peek, A. S., Eeldman, R. A., Lutz, R. A. & Vrijenhoek, R. C. (1998). Cospeciation of chemoautotrophic bacteria and deep sea clams. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 95, 9962 9966.Google Scholar
Poulin, R. (1992). Determinants of host-specificity in parasites of freshwater fish. International Journal for Parasitology 22, 753–758.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poulin, R. (1998). Evolutionary Ecology of Parasites. London, Chapman & Hall.Google Scholar
Reed, D. L. & Hafner, M. S. (1997). Host specificity of chewing lice on pocket gophers: a potential mechanism for cospeciation. Journal of Mammalogy 78, 655–660.Google Scholar
Ronquist, F. (1995). Reconstructing the history of host-parasite associations using generalised parsimony. Cladistics 11, 73–89.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ronquist, F. (1998). Three-dimensional cost-matrix optimization and maximum cospeciation. Cladistics 14, 167–172.Google ScholarPubMed
Ronquist, F. & Nylin, S. (1990). Process and pattern in the evolution of species associations. Systematic Zoology 39, 323–344.Google Scholar
Siddall, M. E. (1996). Phylogenctic covariance probability: confidence and historical associations. Systematic Biology 45, 48–66.Google Scholar
Siddall, M. E. (1997). The AIDS pandemic is new, but is HIV not new? Cladistics 13, 267–273.Google Scholar
Tinsley, R. C. & Jackson, J. A. (1998). Correlation of parasite speciation and specificity with host evolutionary relationships. International Journal for Parasitology 28, 1573–1582.Google Scholar
Vickery, W. L. & Poulin, R. (1998). Parasite extinction and colonisation and the evolution of parasite communities: a simulation study. International Journal for Parasitology 28, 727–737.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed