Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jn8rn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T12:31:16.194Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Analysis of malaria clinical−epidemiological predictors in individuals from Brazilian Amazon

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 July 2021

Paulo Guilherme Souza Lisbôa ,
Janaina Maria Rodrigues Medeiros ,
Arthur Vinícius de Souza ,
Bruno Fernando Barros dos Santos ,
Henrique Otávio Coutinho Sanches ,
Juliane Lúcia Gomes da Rocha ,
Wender de Jesus Pena Correa Junior ,
Gabriela Góes Costa ,
Tania do Socorro Souza Chaves  and
Ana Maria Revoredo da Silva Ventura Open the ORCID record for Ana Maria Revoredo da Silva Ventura [Opens in a new window]
...Show all authors
Paulo Guilherme Souza Lisbôa
Affiliation:
Laboratório de Ensaios Clínicos em Malária, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
Janaina Maria Rodrigues Medeiros
Affiliation:
Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
Arthur Vinícius de Souza
Affiliation:
Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
Bruno Fernando Barros dos Santos
Affiliation:
Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
Henrique Otávio Coutinho Sanches
Affiliation:
Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
Juliane Lúcia Gomes da Rocha
Affiliation:
Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
Wender de Jesus Pena Correa Junior
Affiliation:
Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
Gabriela Góes Costa
Affiliation:
Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
Tania do Socorro Souza Chaves
Affiliation:
Laboratório de Ensaios Clínicos em Malária, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
Ana Maria Revoredo da Silva Ventura*
Affiliation:
Laboratório de Ensaios Clínicos em Malária, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
Rosana Maria Feio Libonati
Affiliation:
Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
*
Author for correspondence: Ana Maria Revoredo da Silva Ventura, E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This research aims to determine whether the combination of epidemiological and clinical features can predict malaria. Diagnostic investigation detected 22.3% of individuals with Plasmodium vivax (P. vivax) malaria, with significant predominance of the male gender. The malaria triad (fever, chills and headache) had a more expressive frequency (81.1%) in individuals with positive thick blood than those with negative thick blood smear (65.1%), although there was no statistical significance. Among the variables analysed as predictive for positive thick blood smear, it was observed that personal history of travel to an endemic malaria area and past malaria infection (PMI) were significantly associated with malaria, even in multiple logistic regression. Fever had the higher sensitivity (94.6%) and past malaria history had the greater specificity (68.2%), with accuracy of 23.5% and 67.5%, respectively. In combined analysis, fever with chills had the highest sensitivity (91.9%), but low accuracy (38.5%). High specificity (91.5%) was found in the association of malaria triad, PMI and history of travel to endemic malaria area (which along with anorexia, was higher 94.6%), with good accuracy (80.7%), suggesting that the screening of patients for performing thick blood smear can be based on these data. The epidemiological features and the malaria triad (fever, chills and headache) can be predictors for identification of malaria patients, concurring to precocious diagnosis and immediate treatment of individuals with malaria.

Keywords

Clinical−epidemiologicalMalariapredictor factorsthick blood smear
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 149 , Issue 1 , January 2022 , pp. 10 - 14
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Agarwal, R, Choi, L, Johnson, S, Takwoingi, Y. (2020) Rapid diagnostic tests for Plasmodium vivax malaria in endemic countries. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 11, 01–68. Art. No.: CD013218. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD013218.pub2. (Accessed 24 March 2021).Google ScholarPubMed
Amexo, M, Tolhurst, R, Barnish, G, Bates, I. (2004) Malaria misdiagnosis: effects on the poor and vulnerable. The Lancet 364, 1896–1898.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ansah, EK, Narh-Bana, S, Epokor, M, Akanpigbiam, S, Quartey, A, Gyapong, J, Whitty, C. (2010) Rapid testing for malaria in settings where microscopy is available and peripheral clinics where only presumptive treatment is available: a randomised controlled trial in Ghana. British Medical Journal 340, c930.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Antuñano, FJL (1988) Diagnostico microscopico en la sangre – preparacion de muestras en gota gruesa. In Antuano, FJL and Schumunis, G (eds), Diagnostico de Malaria. Washington: Organização Panamericana de la Salud, pp. 78–86.Google Scholar
Ayres, Ayres Jr, Ayres D, Santos A, Ayres L. (2007) BIOESTAT – Aplicações estatísticas nas áreas das Ciências Bio-Médicas, 1st Edn., Belém: Pará.Google Scholar
Bisoffi, Z, Gobbi, F, Bounfrate, D, Ende, JV. (2012) Diagnosis of malaria infection with or without disease. Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases 36, 02–05.Google Scholar
Boyce, MR and O'Meara, WP (2017) Use of malaria RDTs in various health contexts across sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 17, 470.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brasil (2015) Ministério da Saúde. Boletim Epidemiológico, 46 Edn. Brasil: Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Retrieved from Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. Available at https://antigo.saude.gov.br/images/pdf/2015/dezembro/16/2015-003---Mal--ria.pdf (Accessed 30 March 2021).Google Scholar
Brasil (2018) Ministério da Saúde. Saúde Brasil 2017: uma análise da situação de saúde e os desafios para o alcance dos objetivos de desenvolvimento sustentável. Retrieved from Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde website. Available at http://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/publicacoes/saude_brasil_2017.pdf. (Accessed 02 July 2020).Google Scholar
Brasil (2020) Ministério da Saúde. Guia de tratamento de malária no Brasil, 1. Edn. Brasil: Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Retrieved from Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. Available at http://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/publicacoes/guia_tratamento_malaria_brasil.pdf (Accessed 30 March 2021).Google Scholar
Fletcher, RH and Fletcher, SW (2006) Epidemiologia Clínica: Elementos Essenciais, 4th Edn. Porto Alegre, BR: Artmed.Google Scholar
Genton, B, Smith, T, Baea, K, Narara, A, Al-Yaman, F, Beck, H, Hii, J, Alpers, M (1994) Malaria: how useful are criteria for improving the diagnosis in highly endemic area? Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 88, 537–541.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gitta, B and Kilian, N (2019) Diagnosis of malaria parasites Plasmodium spp. in endemic areas: current strategies for an ancient disease. BioEssays 42, 1–12.Google ScholarPubMed
Herbert, R (2013) Confidence interval calculator. Available at https://pedro.org.au/portuguese/resources/confidence-interval-calculator/ (Accessed 25 March 2021).Google Scholar
IBGE (2010) Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Sinopse do Censo Demográfico 2010. Available at https://censo2010.ibge.gov.br/sinopse/index.php?dados=0&uf=15 (Accessed 30 March 2021).Google Scholar
Menkin, S and Winders, W (2019) Malaria (Plasmodium vivax). StatPearlsPublishing, 03-07. PMID: 30855917 NBK538333.Google Scholar
Moura, FV and Ferreira, TO (2010) Malária por Plasmodium vivax: uma abordagem parasitológica, clínica e epidemiológica de pacientes atendidos no Programa de Ensaios Clínicos em Malária do Instituto Evandro Chagas no período de 2000 a 2009 (PhD thesis). Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém, Brasil.Google Scholar
Oladosu, OO and Oyibo, WA (2012) Overdiagnosis and overtreatment of malaria in children that presented with fever in Lagos, Nigeria. International Scholarly Research Notices Infectious Diseases 2013, 1–6.Google Scholar
O'Meara, WP, Bejon, P, Mwangi, TW, Okiro, EA, Peshu, N, Snow, RW, Newton, CR, Marsh, K (2008) Effect of a fall in malaria transmission on morbidity and mortality in Kilifi, Kenya. The Lancet 372, 9649.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Raposo, CCBS (2006) Malária vivax na Pré-Amazônia Maranhense: aspectos epidemiológicos e características clínicas (Master's thesis). Universidade de Brasília, Brasília. Retrieved from Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal de Brasília website. Available at https://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/7546 (Accessed 02 July 2020).Google Scholar
Reynolds, J, Wood, M, Mikhail, AF, Ahmad, T. (2012) Malaria “Diagnosis” and Diagnostics in Afghanistan. Qualitative Health Research 23, 579–591.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Santoguina, J, Walther, B, Drakeley, C, Nwakanma, D, Oriero, EC, Correa, S, Corran, P, Conway, DJ, Walther, M. (2009) Comparison of surveillance methods applied to a situation of low malaria prevalence at rural sites in The Gambia and Guinea Bissau. Malaria Journal 8, 274.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tangpukdee, N, Duangdee, C, Wilairatana, P, Krudsood, S. (2009) Malaria diagnosis: a brief review. The Korean Journal of Parasitology 47, 93–102. Published online: May 26, 2009.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
World Health Organization (2000) Management of the Child with a Serious Infection or Severe Malnutrition. WHO Library Cataloguing. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.Google Scholar
World Health Organization (2015) Guidelines for the Treatment of Malaria. WHO Library Cataloguing. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.Google Scholar
World Health Organization (2019) World Malaria Report 2019. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.Google Scholar