Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dlnhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T11:46:41.541Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Aegyptianella pullorum Carpano 1928—fine structure and taxonomy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2009

R. G. Bird  and
P. C. C. Garnham
R. G. Bird
Affiliation:
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
P. C. C. Garnham
Affiliation:
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Intraerythrocytic granules in the blood of Sudanese fowls first seen by Balfour (1908) were named Aegyptianella pullorum by Carpano (1928).

Electron microscopy of a Rhodesian strain of A. pullorum indicated the similarity between these organisms and the Rickettsia-PLT group of organisms, also their dissimilarity to Sporozoa which we have studied. The organism was coccoid or coccobacillary, measuring up to 0·6 μm in diameter, and in longitudinal sections 1·5–3 μm. Pleomorphic and dividing forms were observed. Each organism was surrounded by two unit membranes with short internal invaginations from the inner membrane only. A layer of ribosome-like particles varying in density and depth gave the impression of an outer cortex. Irregular extensions of this layer towards the centre of the organism followed the lines of fine DNA-like filaments forming a web lattice throughout the substance of the organism. There was no well-defined nucleus as seen in Protozoa. Single as well as groups of organisms were situated in vacuoles lined by a membrane similar to the erythrocytes' own outer membrane. No intranuclear organisms were seen.

The similarity of these organisms to symbionts studied by Roshdy and Bird in both adult and immature stages of A. persicus is illustrated. From this evidence, and its apparent likeness to the tick-borne fever agent, there is good reason for including A. pullorum among the Rickettsiaceae. The position suggested for it is between the Rickettsia and PLT group of organisms, closely allied to Wolbachia, the agent of tick-borne fever (Cytoecetes sp.) and the agent of bovine heart water disease (Cowdria ruminantium).

We thank Mr R. Jacobson, F.I.M.L.T. for his willing assistance in conducting the sensitivity test, also Miss L. Lanigan and Mr D. Day for their technical and photographic assistance.

Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 59 , Issue 4 , November 1969 , pp. 745 - 752
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1969

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Aikawa, M., Huff, C. G. & Sprinz, H. (1966). Comparative feeding mechanisms of avian and primate malarial parasites. Milit. Med. 131 (Suppl. 9), 969–83.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Anderson, D. R., Hope, E., Hops, M. F., Bernheim, B. & Bernheim, B. C. (1965). Comparison of the ultrastructure of several Rickettsiae, Ornithosis virus, and Mycoplasma in tissue culture. J. Bact. 90, 1387–1404.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Balfour, A. (1908). Third Report of the Wellcome Research Laboratories at the Gordon Memorial College, Khartoum, pp. 48–51. London: Baillière, Tindall and Cox.Google Scholar
Balfour, A. (1923). Note on the paper ‘The Spirochaetosis of fowls in Macedonia’ by Dschunkowsky and Urodscheivitch. Trans. R. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg. 16, 484–5.Google Scholar
Bird, R. G. & Garnham, P. C. C. (1967). Aegyptianella pullorum Carpano, 1928, fine structure and taxonomy. J. Protozool. 14 (Suppl.), 42.Google Scholar
Büttner, D. W. (1967). Electronenmikroskopische Studien der Vermehrung von Theileria parva im Rind. Z. tropenmed. Parasit. 18, 245–67.Google Scholar
Büttner, D. W. (1968). Vergleichende Untersuchung der Feinstruktur von Babesia gibsoni und Babesia canis. Z. tropenmed. Parasit. 19, 330–42.Google ScholarPubMed
Carpano, M. (1928). Piroplasmosis in Egyptian fowls (Egyptianella pullorum). Vet. Serv. Bull. Egypt. Min. Agriculture Sci. Tech. Service, no. 86. (published 1929).Google Scholar
Carpano, M. (1929). Sur la piroplasmose des oiseaux domestiques determinée par Aegyptianella pullorum. Annls Parasit. hum. comp. 7, no. 5, 365–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coles, J. D. W. A. (1937). A new blood parasite of the fowl. Onderstepoort J. vet. Sci. Anim. Ind. 9, no. 2, 301–7.Google Scholar
Dschunkowsky, von E. (1937). Balfoursche Granula els echte Geflugelparasiten, ihre Natur und Stellung in der Systematik. Zentbl. Bakt. ParasitKde (Abt. 1. Orig.), 140, 131–6.Google Scholar
Dschunkowsky, von E. & Urodschevitch, J. (1923). The Spirochaetosis of fowls in Macedonia. Trans. R. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg. 16, 478–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Du Toit, P. J. (1937). A new piroplasm (Sauroplasma thomasi n.g., n. sp.) of a lizard (Zonurus giganteus, Smith) Onderstepoort. J. vet. Sci. Anim. Ind. 9, no. 2, 289–98.Google Scholar
Foggie, A. (1962). Studies on tick pyaemia and tick-borne fever. Symp. zool. Soc. Lond. no. 6, 51–8.Google Scholar
Galli-Valerio, B. (1909). Recherches sur la spirochetiase de poules de Tunisie et sur sont agent de transmission. Argas persicus Fisher. Zentbl. Bakt. ParasitKde (Abt. 1 Orig.), 50, (2), 189–202.Google Scholar
Garnham, P. C. C. (1961). The ultrastructure of haemosporidia and allied protozoa with special reference to the motile stages. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Protozoology. Prague. 427–33.Google Scholar
Garnham, P. C. C., Bird, R. G. & Baker, J. (1967). Electron microscope studies of motile stages of malaria parasites. 5. Exflagellation in Plasmodium, Hepatocyotis and Leucocytozoon. Trans. R. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg. 61, 58–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gothe, R. (1967 a). Zur entwicklung von Aegyptianella pullorum Carpano, 1928, in der Lederzecke Argas (Persicargas) persicus (Oken, 1818) und Ubertragung. Z. ParasitKde 29, 103–18.Google Scholar
Gothe, R. (1967 b). Ein beitrag zur systematischen Stellung von Aegyptianella pullorum Carpano, 1928. Z. ParasitKde 29, 119–29.Google ScholarPubMed
Hadani, A. & Dinur, Y. (1968). Studies on the transmission of Aegyptianella pullorum by the tick Argus persicus. J. Protozool. 15 (Suppl.), 45.Google Scholar
Lammier, G. & Gothe, R. (1967). Zur Chemotherapie de Aegyptianella pullorum Infektion des Huhnes. Z. Tropenmed. Parasit. 18, (4), 479–87.Google Scholar
Laveran, C. L. A. (1899). Sur le bacille parasite des hematies de Rana esculenta. C. r. Séanc. Soc. Biol. 51, 355–68.Google Scholar
Levine, N. D. (1961). Protozoan Parasites of Domestic Animals and Man. Minneapolis: Burgess Publ. Co.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neptune, E. M. Jun, Weiss, E., Davies, J. A. & Suitor, E. C. Jun (1964 a). Lipid metabolism of the Rickettsia-like micro-organism Wolbachia persica. I. Incorporation of long chain fatty acids into phosphatides. J. infect. Dis. 114, 39–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neptune, E. M. Jun, Weiss, E., Davies, J. A. & Suitor, E. C. Jun (1964 b). Lipid metabolism of the Rickettsia-like micro-organism Wolbachia persica. II. Studies with labelled nonlipid substrates. J. infect. Dis. 114, 45–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perkins, H. R. & Allison, A. C. (1963). Cell-wall constituents of rickettsiae and psittacosis-lymphogranuloma organism. J. gen. Microbiol. 30, 469–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rake, G., Alexander, G. & Hamre, D. M. (1945). The relationship of the agent of heart-water fever—Rickettsia ruminantium. Science, N.Y. 102, 424–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ristic, M. & Watrach, A. M. (1961). Studies in Anaplasmosis. II. Electron Microscopy of Anaplasma marginale in deer. Am. J. vet. Res. 22, 109–15.Google ScholarPubMed
Roshdy, M. A. (1961). Observations by electron microscopy and other methods on the intracellular Rickettsia-like micro-organisms in Argas persicus Oken (Ixodoidea, Argasidae). J. Insect Path. 3, 148–66.Google Scholar
Roshdy, M. A. (1964 a). Rickettsia-like micro-organisms in the malpighian tubules and ovaries of Argas boneti, Roubard and Colas-Belcour, A. vespertilionis, Latreille, A. transgariepinus, White, and A. brumpti, Neumann. Proc. Egypt. Ac. Sc. 17, 75–80.Google Scholar
Roshdy, M. A. (1964 b). The structure and distribution of the Rickettsia-like micro-organism Wolbachia persica, Suitor and Weiss, in the immature stages of the tick Argas persicus, (Oken). J. Insect Path. 6, 170–185.Google Scholar
Sakharoff, M. N. (1891). Spirochaeta anserinum et le septicemie des oies. Ann. Inst. Pasteur, Paris 5 (9), 564–6.Google Scholar
Scott, W. L., Geer, J. C. & Foote, L. E. (1961). Electron microscopy of Anaplasma marginale in the bovine erythrocyte. Am. J. vet. Res. 22, 877–81.Google ScholarPubMed
Soulsby, E. J. L. (1968). Helminths, Arthropods and Protozoa of Domesticated Animals. London: Baillière, Tindall and Cassell.Google Scholar
Steinhaus, E. A. (1946). Insect Microbiology. Ithaca (New York): Comstock Publishing Co.Google Scholar
Suitor, E. C. Jun (1964 a). The relationship of Wolbachia persica, Suitor and Weiss, to its host. J. Insect Path. 6, 111–24.Google Scholar
Suitor, E. C. Jun (1964 b). Studies on the cell envelope of Wolbachia persica. J. infect. Dis. 114, 125–34.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Suitor, E. C. Jun & Weiss, E. (1961). Isolation of a Rickettsia-like micro-organism (Wolbachia persica, n.sp.) from Argas persicus (Oken). J. infect. Dis. 108, 95–106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomi, J. & von Bonsdorff, C. H. (1966). Electron microscopy of tick-borne fever agent in bovine and ovine phagocytizing leukocytes. J. Bact. 92, 1478–1492.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tyzzer, E. E. (1938). Cytoecetes microti, n.g., n.sp., a parasite developing in granulocytes and infective for small rodents. Parasitology 30, 242–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waddell, A. H. (1964). Electron microscopy of Anaplasma centrale. Aust. vet. J. 40, 233–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weiss, E., Myers, W. F., Suitor, E. C. Jun & Neptune, E. M. Jun (1962). Respiration of a Rickettsia-like micro-organism, Wolbachia persica. J. infect. Dis. 110, 155–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weiss, E., Neptune, E. M. Jun & Davies, J. A. (1964). Lipid metabolism of the Rickettsia-like micro-organism, Wolbachia persica. III. Comparison with other metabolic activities. J. infect. Dis. 114, 50–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar