Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-g8jcs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-29T17:16:38.608Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Vaccines for amoebiasis: barriers and opportunities

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 February 2007

S. L. STANLEY
S. L. STANLEY
Affiliation:
Departments of Medicine and Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Amoebiasis, infection by the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica, remains a global health problem, despite the availability of effective treatment. While improved sanitation could lead to the eradication of this disease, it is unlikely that this will occur worldwide in the foreseeable future; thus alternative measures must be pursued. One approach is to develop a vaccine to prevent this deadly disease. Clinical studies indicate that mucosal immunity may provide some protection against recurrent intestinal infection with E. histolytica, but there is no clear evidence that protective immunity develops after amoebic liver abscess. Over the past decade, progress in vaccine development has been facilitated by new animal models that allow better testing of potential vaccine candidates and the application of recombinant technology to vaccine design. Oral vaccines and DNA-based vaccines have been successfully tested in animals models for immunogenicity and efficacy. There has been significant progress on a number of fronts, but there are unanswered questions regarding the effectiveness of immune responses in preventing disease in man and, as yet, no testing of any of these vaccines in humans has been performed. In addition, there are strong economic barriers to developing an amoebiasis vaccine and questions about how and where an effective vaccine would be utilized.

Keywords

AmoebiasisvaccineEntamoeba histolyticaimmunity
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 133 , Supplement S2: Parasite Vaccines , October 2006 , pp. S81 - S86
Copyright
© 2006 Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Abd-Alla, M. D. and Ravdin, J. I. ( 2002). Diagnosis of amoebic colitis by antigen capture ELISA in patients presenting with acute diarrhoea in Cairo, Egypt. Tropical Medicine and International Health 7, 365–370.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beaver, P. C., Blanchard, J. L. and Seibold, H. R. ( 1988). Invasive amebiasis in naturally infected new world and old world monkeys with and without clinical disease. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygeine 39, 343–352.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blessmann, J., Van Linh, P., Nu, P. A., Thi, H. D., Muller-Myhsok, B., Buss, H. and Tannich, E. ( 2002). Epidemiology of amebiasis in a region of high incidence of amebic liver abscess in central Vietnam. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 66, 578–583.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bracha, R., Nuchamowitz, Y., Leippe, M. and Mirelman, D. ( 1999). Antisense inhibition of amoebapore expression in Entamoeba histolytica causes a decrease in amoebic virulence. Molecular Microbiology 34, 463–472.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bujanover, S., Katz, U., Bracha, R. and Mirelman, D. ( 2003). A virulence attenuated amoebapore-less mutant of Entamoeba histolytica and its interaction with host cells. International Journal for Parasitology 33, 1655–1663.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caballero-Salcedo, A., Viveros-Rogel, M., Salvatierra, B., Tapia-Conyer, R., Sepulveda-Amor, J., Gutierrez, G. and Ortiz-Ortiz, L. ( 1994). Seroepidemiology of amebiasis in Mexico. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygeine 4, 412–419.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campbell, D. and Chadee, K. ( 1997). Interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, and tumor necrosis factor-α responses during Entamoeba histolytica liver abscess development in gerbils. Journal of Infectious Diseases 175, 1176–1183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gathiram, V. and Jackson, T. F. H. G. ( 1987). A longitudinal study of asymptomatic carriers of pathogenic zymodemes of Entamoeba histolytica. South African Medical Journal 72, 669–672.Google Scholar
Gaucher, D. and Chadee, K. ( 2003). Prospect for an Entamoeba histolytica Gal-lectin-based vaccine. Parasite Immunology 25, 55–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haque, R., Ali, I. M. and Petri, W. A. Jr. ( 1999). Prevalence and immune response to Entamoeba histolytica infection in preschool children in Bangladesh. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 60, 1031–1034.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haque, R., Ali, I. M., Sack, R. B., Farr, B. M., Ramakrishnan, G. and Petri, W. A. Jr. ( 2001). Amebiasis and mucosal IgA antibody against the Entamoeba histolytica adherence lectin in Bangladeshi children. Journal of Infectious Diseases 183, 1787–1793.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haque, R., Duggal, P., Ali, I. M., Haque, R., Duggal, P., Ali, I. M., Hossain, M. B., Mondal, D., Sack, R. B., Farr, B. M., Beaty, T. H. and Petri, W. A. Jr. ( 2002). Innate and acquired resistance to amebiasis in bangladeshi children. Journal of Infectious Diseases 186, 547–552.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hegner, R., Johnson, C. M. and Stabler, R. M. ( 1932). Host-parasite relations in experimental amoebiasis in monkeys in Panama. American Journal of Hygiene 15, 294–443.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Houpt, E., Barroso, L., Lockhart, L., Wright, R., Cramer, C., Lyerly, D. and Petri, W. A. ( 2004). Prevention of intestinal amebiasis by vaccination with the Entamoeba histolytica Gal/GalNac lectin. Vaccine 22, 611–617.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ivory, C. P., Keller, K. and Chadee, K. ( 2006). CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide is a potent adjuvant with an Entamoeba histolytica Gal-inhibitable lectin vaccine against amoebic liver abscess in gerbils. Infection and Immunity 74, 528–536.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, T. F. H. G., Gathiram, V. and Simjee, A. E. ( 1984). Serological differentiation between past and present infections in hepatic amoebiasis. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 78, 342–345.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, T. F. H. G., Sargeaunt, P. G., Visser, P. S., Gathiram, V., Suparsad, S. and Anderson, C. B. ( 1989). Entamoeba histolytica: Naturally occuring infections in baboons. Proceedings of the XI Seminar for Amebiasis 1, 73–74.Google Scholar
Jain, P., Sawhney, S. and Vinayak, V. K. ( 1980). Experimental amoebic infection in guinea pigs immunized with low grade amoebic infection. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 74, 347–355.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leippe, M. ( 1997). Amoebapores. Parasitology Today 13, 178–183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Locksley, R. M. and Louis, J. A. ( 1992). Immunology of leishmaniasis. Current Opinions in Immunology 4, 413–418.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loomis, M. R., Britt, J. O., Gendron, A. P., Holshuh, H. J. and Howard, E. B. ( 1983). Hepatic and gastric amebiasis in black and white colobus monkeys. JAVMA 11, 1188–1191.Google Scholar
Marquez-Monter, H., Fuentes-Orozco, R., Correa-Lemus, I. and Becker, I. ( 1991). Invasive amebiasis in spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi). Case report and a short review of the literature of amebiasis in non-human primates. Archivos de Investigación Médica (Mexico) 22, 75–78.Google Scholar
Miller, M. J. ( 1952). The experimental infeciton of Macaca mulatta with human strains of Entamoeba histolytica. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygeine 1, 417–428.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moran, P., Ramos, F., Ramiro, M., Curiel, O., Gonzalez, E., Valadez, A., Gomez, A., Garcia, G., Melendro, E. and Ximenez, C. ( 2005). Infection by human immunodeficiency virus-1 is not a risk factor for amebiasis. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 73, 296–300.Google Scholar
PAN AMERICAN HEALTH ORGANIZATION. MEXICO ( 1998). In PAHO, ed. Health in the Americas. Washington, D.C.: p. 357–358.
Pham, V. L., Duong, M. H. and Pham, N. H. ( 1996). Amebic abscess of the liver: ultrasound guided puncture. Annales de Chirurgie 50, 340–343.Google Scholar
Ravdin, J. I., Abd-Alla, M. D., Welles, S. L., Reddy, S. and Jackson, T. F. H. G. ( 2003). Intestinal anti-lectin Immunoglobulin A antibody response and immunity to Entamoeba dispar infection following cure of amebic liver abscess. Infection and Immunity 71, 6899–6905.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ryan, E. T., Butterton, J. R., Zhang, T., Stanley, S. L. Jr. and Calderwood, S. B. ( 1997). Oral immunization with attenuated vaccine strains of Vibrio cholerae expressing a dodecapeptide repeat of the serine rich Entamoeba histolytica protein (SREHP-12) fused to the cholera toxin B subunit induces systemic and mucosal anti-amebic and anti-V. cholerae antibody responses in mice. Infection and Immunity 65, 3118–3125.Google Scholar
Soong, C-J. G., Kain, K. C., Abd-Alla, M., Jackson, T. F. H. G. and Ravdin, J. I. ( 1995 b). A recombinant-cysteine rich section of the Entamoeba histolytica galactose-inhibitable lectin is efficacious as a subunit vaccine in the gerbil model of amebic liver abscess. Journal of Infectious Diseases 171, 645–651.Google Scholar
Soong, C-J. G., Torian, B. E., Abd-Alla, M. D., Jackson, T. F. H. G., Gatharim, V. and Ravdin, J. I. ( 1995 a). Protection of gerbils from amebic liver abscess by immunization with recombinant Entamoeba histolytica 29-kilodalton antigen. Infection and Immunity 63, 472–477.Google Scholar
Stanley, S. L. Jr. ( 1997). Progress towards development of a vaccine for amebiasis. Clinical and Microbiological Reviews 10, 637–649.Google Scholar
Stanley, S. L. Jr. ( 2000). Prevention and potential of new interventions. In Amebiasis. ( ed. Ravdin JI). London: Imperial College Press, p. 137–163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stanley, S. L. Jr. ( 2001). Protective immunity to amebiasis: new insights and new challenges. Journal of Infectious Diseases 184, 504–506.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stanley, S. L. Jr. ( 2003). Amoebiasis. Lancet 361, 1025–1034.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stanley, S. L. Jr., Blanchard, J. L., Johnson, N., Foster, L., Kunz-Jenkins, C., Zhang, T., Tian, K. and Cogswell, F. B. ( 1995). Immunogenicity of the recombinant serine rich Entamoeba histolytica protein (SREHP) in African Green Monkeys. Vaccine 13, 947–951.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sultan, F., Jin, L., Jobling, M. G., Holmes, R. K. and Stanley, S. L. Jr. ( 1998). Mucosal immunogenicity of a holotoxin-like molecule containing the serine rich Entamoeba histolytica protein (SREHP) fused to the A2 domain of cholera toxin. Infection and Immunity 66, 462–468.Google Scholar
Velazquez, C., Valette, I., Cruz, M., Labra, M.-L., Montes, J., Stanley, S. L. and Calderon, J. ( 1995). Identification of immunogenic epitopes of the 170-kDa subunit adhesin of Entamoeba histolytica in patients with invasive amebiasis. Journal for Eukaryotic Microbiology 42, 636–641.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vohra, H., Kaur, U., Sharma, A. K., Bhalla, V. and Bhasin, D. ( 2003). Effective human defense against E. histolytica: high amoebicidal activity of lymphocytes and monocytes in amoebic liver abscess patients until 3 months follow-up. Parasitology International 52, 193–202.Google Scholar
Walker, E. L. and Sellards, A. W. ( 1913). Experimental entamoebic dysentery. Phillipine Journal of Science B Tropical Medicine 8, 253–330.Google Scholar
Zhang, T., Cieslak, P. R., Foster, L., Kunz-Jenkins, C. and Stanley, S. L. Jr. ( 1994 b). Antibodies to the serine rich Entamoeba histolytica protein (SREHP) prevent amebic liver abscess in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. Parasite Immunology 16, 225–230.Google Scholar
Zhang, T., Cieslak, P. R. and Stanley, S. L. Jr. ( 1994 a). Protection of gerbils from amebic liver abscess by immunization with a recombinant Entamoeba histolytica antigen. Infection and Immunity 62, 1166–1170.Google Scholar
Zhang, T., Li, E. and Stanley, S. L. Jr. ( 1995). Oral immunization with the dodecapeptide repeat of the serine rich Entamoeba histolytica protein (SREHP) fused to the cholera toxin B subunit induces a mucosal and systemic anti-SREHP antibody response. Infection and Immunity 63, 1349–1355.Google Scholar
Zhang, T. and Stanley, S. L. Jr. ( 1996). Oral immunization with an attenuated vaccine strain of Salmonella typhimurium expressing the serine rich Entamoeba histolytica protein (SREHP) induces an anti-amebic immune response and protects gerbils from amebic liver disease. Infection and Immunity 64, 1526–1531.Google Scholar
Zhang, T. and Stanley, S. L. Jr. ( 1999). DNA vaccination with the serine rich Entamoeba histolytica protein (SREHP) prevents amebic liver abscess in rodent models of disease. Vaccine 18, 868–874.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, T. and Stanley, S. L. Jr. ( 1997). Expression of the serine rich Entamoeba histolytica protein (SREHP) in the avirulent vaccine strain Salmonella typhi TY2 4297 (delta cya delta crp delta asd): Safety and immunogenicity in mice. Vaccine 15, 1319–1322.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, X., Zhang, Z., Alexander, D., Bracha, R., Mirelman, D. and Stanley, SL. Jr. ( 2004). Expression of amoebapores is required for full expression of Entamoeba histolytica virulence in amebic liver abscess but is not necessary for the induction of inflammation or tissue damage in amebic colitis. Infection and Immunity 72, 678–683.CrossRefGoogle Scholar