Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T03:43:05.526Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Trichodina heterodentata (Ciliophora) infestation on Prochilodus lineatus larvae: a host–parasite relationship study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 December 2013

GUSTAVO MORAES RAMOS VALLADÃO ,
SÍLVIA UMEDA GALLANI ,
SANTIAGO BENITES DE PÁDUA ,
MAURÍCIO LATERÇA MARTINS  and
FABIANA PILARSKI
GUSTAVO MORAES RAMOS VALLADÃO
Affiliation:
LAPOA – Laboratory of Aquatic Organisms Pathology, Aquaculture Center of São Paulo State University (CAUNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
SÍLVIA UMEDA GALLANI
Affiliation:
LAPOA – Laboratory of Aquatic Organisms Pathology, Aquaculture Center of São Paulo State University (CAUNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
SANTIAGO BENITES DE PÁDUA
Affiliation:
LAPOA – Laboratory of Aquatic Organisms Pathology, Aquaculture Center of São Paulo State University (CAUNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
MAURÍCIO LATERÇA MARTINS
Affiliation:
AQUOS-Aquatic Organism Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
FABIANA PILARSKI*
Affiliation:
LAPOA – Laboratory of Aquatic Organisms Pathology, Aquaculture Center of São Paulo State University (CAUNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
*
* Corresponding author: LAPOA – Laboratory of Aquatic Organisms Pathology, Aquaculture Center of São Paulo State University (CAUNESP), Via Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, CEP: 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Prochilodus lineatus is a freshwater fish species found in South America. It is common in aquaculture, but few studies regarding diseases of this fish have been performed. This study presents data of the occurrence of Trichodina heterodentata Duncan, 1977, as well as the pathological alterations detected by light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Twenty 20-day-old larvae were harvested from an earth pond and examined. Larvae showed erratic swimming on the pond edges and some had a whitish tegument. Larval smears were either impregnated with silver nitrate or stained with Giemsa stain to observe the taxonomic features of the ciliates. Five larvae were fixed in formalin solution for histopathological analysis, and another five specimens were fixed in glutaraldehyde for SEM. All larvae were diagnosed with a severe infestation by trichodinid T. heterodentata. Histological sections showed discrete hyperplasia of the gill filaments with subepithelial oedema of the secondary lamellae. In the SEM, suction areas were observed on the skin, gill and eye; corrosion and ulceration of the fins were associated with the bacterial presence of cocci on the lesions. This is the first report of T. heterodentata in P. lineatus that is responsible for an acute disease that culminates in larval mortality.

Keywords

fish diseasesectoparasiteTrichodinidaepathogenhistopathologyscanning electron microscopy
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 141 , Issue 5 , April 2014 , pp. 662 - 669
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2013 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Abdel-Baki, A. S., Sakran, T., Fayed, H. and Zayed, E. (2011). Trichodina fahaka (Ciliophora: Peritrichia) in Tetradon fahaka from Nile River, Egypt: seasonality and histopathology. Scientific Research and Essays 6, 1583–1587. doi: 10.5897/SRE10.1046.Google Scholar
Albaladejo, J. D. and Arthur, J. R. (1989). Some trichodinids (Protozoa: Ciliophora: Peritrichida) from freshwater fishes imported into the Philippines. Asian Fisheries Science 3, 1–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Al-Rasheid, K. A. S., Ali, M. A., Saakran, T., Baki, A. A. A. and Ghaffar, F. A. A. (2000). Trichodinid ectoparasites (Ciliophora: Peritrichida) of some River Nile fish, Egypt. Parasitology International 49, 131–137. doi: 10.1016/S1383-5769(00)00042-8.Google Scholar
Arthur, J. R. and Lom, J. (1984). Trichodinid protozoa (Ciliophora: Peritrichida) from freshwater fishes of Rybinsk Reservoir, USSR1. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 31, 82–91. doi: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1984.tb04294.x.Google Scholar
Asmat, G. S. M. (2004). First record of Trichodina diaptomi (Dogiel, 1940) Basson and Van As, 1991, T. heterodentata Duncan, 1977 and T. oligocotti (Lom, 1970) (Ciliophora: Trichodinidae) from Indian fishes. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 7, 2066–2071. doi: 10.3923/pjbs.2004.2066.2071.Google Scholar
Basson, L. and Van As, J. G. (2006). Trichodinidae and other ciliophorans (Phylum Ciliophora). In Fish Diseases and Disorders, 2nd Edn, Vol. I, Protozoan and Metazoan Infections (ed. Woo, P. T. K.), pp. 154–182. CABI, Wallingford, UK.Google Scholar
Basson, L., Van As, J. G. and Paperna, I. (1983). Trichodinid ectoparasites of cichlid and cyprinid fishes in South Africa and Israel. Systematic Parasitology 5, 245–257. doi: 10.1007/BF00009159.Google Scholar
Dias, R. J. P., Fernandes, N. M., Sartini, B., Silva-Neto, I. D. and D'Agosto, M. (2009). Occurrence of Trichodina heterodentata (Ciliophora: Trichodinidae) infesting tadpoles of Rhinella pombali (Anura: Bufonidae) in the Neotropical area. Parasitology International 58, 471–474. doi: 10.1016/j.parint.2009.06.009.Google Scholar
Duncan, B. L. (1977). Urceolariid ciliates, including three new species, from cultured Philippines fishes. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 96, 76–81.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eiras, J. C., Takemoto, R. M., Pavanelli, G. C. and Luque, J. L. F. (2012). Checklist of protozoan parasites of fishes from Brazil. Zootaxa 3221, 1–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ekanem, D. A. and Obiekezie, A. I. (1996). Growth reduction in African catfish fry infected with Trichodina maritinkae Basson and Van As, 1991 (Ciliophora: Peritrichida). Journal of Aquaculture in the Tropics 11, 91–96.Google Scholar
Evans, J. J., Klesius, P. H., Pasnik, D. J. and Shoemaker, C. A. (2007). Influence of natural Trichodina sp. parasitism on experimental Streptococcus iniae or Streptococcus agalactiae infection and survival of young channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque). Aquaculture Research 38, 664–667. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2007.01710.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hainfellner, P., Souza, T. G., Moreira, R. G., Nakaghi, L. S. O. and Batlouni, S. R. (2012). Gonadal steroids levels and vitellogenesis in the formation of oocytes in Prochilodus lineatus (Valenciennes) (Teleostei: Characiformes). Neotropical Ichthyology 10, 601–612. doi: 10.1590/S1679-62252012005000021.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jerônimo, G. T., Marchiori, N. D. C., Pádua, S. B. D., Dias Neto, J., Pilarski, F., Ishikawa, M. M. and Martins, M. L. (2012). Trichodina colisae (Ciliophora: Trichodinidae): new parasite records for two freshwater fish species farmed in Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 21, 366–371. doi: 10.1590/S1984-29612012005000008.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kazubski, S. L. (1971). Morphological variability of Semitrichodina sphaeronuclea (Lom, 1956). Acta Protozoologica 8, 251–259.Google Scholar
Khan, R. A., Barber, V. C. and McCann, S. (1974). A scanning electron microscopical study of the surface topography of a trichodinid ciliate. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 93, 131–134.Google Scholar
Klein, B. M. (1958). The dry silver method and its proper use. Journal of Protozoology 5, 99–103. doi: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1958.tb02535.x.Google Scholar
Kruger, J., Basson, L. and Van As, J. G. (1991). Redescription of Trichodina xenopodos Fantham, 1924 (Ciliophora: Peritrichida), a urinary bladder parasite of Xenopus laevis laevis Daudin, 1802, with notes on transmission. Systematic Parasitology 19, 43–50. doi: 10.1007/BF00010301.Google Scholar
Lom, J. (1958). A contribution to the systematics and morphology of endoparasitic trichodinids from amphibians, with a proposal of uniform specific characteristics. Journal of Protozoology 5, 251–263. doi: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1958.tb02563.x.Google Scholar
Lom, J. and Haldar, D. P. (1976). Observations on trichodinids endocommensal in fishes. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 95, 527–541. doi: 10.2307/3225373.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Martins, M. L., Marchiori, N. C., Nunes, G. and Rodrigues, M. P. (2010). First record of Trichodina heterodentata (Ciliophora: Trichodinidae) from channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus cultivated in Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology 70, 637–644. doi: 10.1590/S1519-69842010000300022.Google Scholar
Martins, M. L., Shoemaker, C. A., Xu, D. H. and Klesius, P. H. (2011). Effect of parasitism on vaccine efficacy against Streptococcus iniae in Nile tilapia. Aquaculture 314, 18–23. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.01.022.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pádua, S. B., Martins, M. L., Carraschi, S. P., Cruz, C. and Ishikawa, M. M. (2012). Trichodina heterodentata (Ciliophora: Trichodinidae): a new parasite for Piaractus mesopotamicus (Pisces: Characidae). Zootaxa 3422, 62–68.Google Scholar
Pádua, S. B., Martins, M. L., Carrijo-Mauad, J. R., Ishikawa, M. M., Jerônimo, G. T., Dias-Neto, J. and Pilarski, F. (2013). First record of Chilodonella hexasticha (Ciliophora: Chilodonellidae) in Brazilian cultured fish: a morphological and pathological assessment. Veterinary Parasitology 191, 154–160. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.07.030.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pinto, E., Garcia, A. M., Figueiredo, H. C. P., Rodrigues, M. P. and Martins, M. L. (2009). Primeiro relato de Tripartiella sp.(Ciliophora: Peritrichia) em Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (Osteichthyes: Pimelodidae) cultivado no Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil, com descrição de nova espécie. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca 35, 91–97.Google Scholar
Tang, F. H. and Zhao, Y. J. (2007). Taxonomic study on three species of Trichodina Ehrenberg, 1838 with pathologic research on gill tissue of Carassius auratus caused by Trichodina heterodentata Duncan, 1977. A study on trichodinids from freshwater fishes in Chongqing II. Journal of Chongqing Normal University 24, 8–12.Google Scholar
Valladão, G. M. R., Pádua, S. B., Gallani, S. U., Menezes-Filho, R. N., Dias-Neto, J., Martins, M. L. and Pilarski, F. (2013). Paratrichodina africana (Ciliophora): a pathogenic gill parasite in farmed Nile tilapia. Veterinary Parasitology, in press. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.04.043.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van As, J. G. and Basson, L. (1989). A further contribution to the taxonomy of the Trichodinidae (Ciliophora: Peritrichia) and a review of the taxonomic status of some fish ectoparasitic trichodinids. Systematic Parasitology 14, 157–179. doi: 10.1007/BF02187051.Google Scholar
Xu, D-H., Pridgeon, J. W., Klesius, P. H. and Shoemaker, C. A. (2012 a). Parasitism by protozoan Ichthyophthirius multifiliis enhanced invasion of Aeromonas hydrophila in tissues of channel catfish. Veterinary Parasitology 184, 101–107. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.09.020.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Xu, D-H., Shoemaker, C. A., Martins, M. L., Pridgeon, J. W. and Klesius, P. H. (2012 b). Enhanced susceptibility of channel catfish to the bacterium Edwardsiella ictaluri after parasitism by Ichthyophthirius multifiliis . Veterinary Microbiology 158, 216–219. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.02.007.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yemmen, C., Quilichini, Y., Ktari, M. H., Marchand, B. and Bahri, S. (2011 a). Morphological, ecological and histopathological studies of Trichodina gobii Raabe, 1959 (Ciliophora: Peritrichida) infecting the gills of Solea aegyptiaca . Protistology 6, 258–263.Google Scholar
Yemmen, C., Ktari, M. H. and Bahri, S. (2011 b). Seasonality and histopathology of Trichodina puytoraci Lom, 1962, a parasite of flathead mullet (Mugil cephalus) from Tunisia. Acta Adriatica 52, 15–20.Google Scholar
Zapata, A., Diez, B., Cejalvo, T., Gutiérrez-de Frías, C. and Cortés, A. (2006). Ontogeny of the immune system of fish. Fish and Shellfish Immunology 20, 126–136. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2004.09.005.Google Scholar