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Studies on the sex ratio of worms in schistosome infections

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2009

G. F. Mitchell ,
E. G. Garcia ,
S. M. Wood ,
R. Diasanta ,
R. Almonte ,
E. Calica ,
K. M. Davern  and
W. U. Tiu
G. F. Mitchell
Affiliation:
The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria 3050, Australia
E. G. Garcia
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines
S. M. Wood
Affiliation:
The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria 3050, Australia
R. Diasanta
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines
R. Almonte
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines
E. Calica
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines
K. M. Davern
Affiliation:
The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria 3050, Australia
W. U. Tiu
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines
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Summary

Sex ratios of adult schistosomes in mice are almost invariably different from 1·0 and are biased towards males. The bias applies to wild rats infected with Schistosoma japonicum and trapped in an endemic area of the Philippines (male: female ratio = 1·7). It also applies to cercariae of snails collected in such areas and assessed by infection of laboratory mice using cercariae from individual snails (male: female ratio may approach 6·0). Experiments were designed to determine if duration of infection in the mammalian host was a factor that influenced the sex ratio of miracidia used for infecting snails and subsequently mice. BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice were infected with 100 cercariae of S. mansoni, and liver eggs harvested at early and late time points for infection of snails and production of cercariae. Two phenomena were demonstrated: firstly, a more pronounced male bias when eggs were harvested late compared with early in infection; secondly, a reduced apparent hatchability of eggs in BALB/c compared with C57BL/6 livers. The possibility is raised by the data that female miracidia within eggs of chronically infected individuals may be more prone to immune damage than male miracidia with important epidemiological consequences.

Keywords

Schistosoma japonicumSchistosoma mansoniresistance to reinfectionmale-only infectionsworm sex ratios
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 101 , Issue 1 , August 1990 , pp. 27 - 34
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1990

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