Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-ndw9j Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-20T04:55:27.573Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Studies on the biology of Protopolystoma xenopodis (Monogenoidea): the oncomiracidium and life-cycle

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2009

R. C. Tinsley  and
R. Wynne Owen
R. C. Tinsley
Affiliation:
Department of Pure and Applied Zoology, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT
R. Wynne Owen
Affiliation:
Department of Pure and Applied Zoology, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Protopolystoma xenopodis (Price, 1943) Bychowsky, 1957 is a parasite of the African clawed toads, species of Xenopus. Adult worms in the host's urinary bladder produce up to 15 eggs/24 h; these are voided with the urine and hatch after 20–24 days (at 26 °C). The swimming oncomiracidia enter the cloaca of the toad and travel via the urinary ducts to the kidneys. Larval development in the kidneys lasts 8–12 weeks (at 22 °C) and the juvenile parasites then migrate to the urinary bladder where maturity is reached after a further 3–4 weeks, i.e. 3–4 months after invasion. Egg production is continuous and parasite longevity has been found to exceed1½ years. Rarely, the adult worms may undertake a return migration from bladder to kidneys.

The morphology of the oncomiracidium is described and compared with available accounts of other polystomatid genera. Consideration of data for the genus Polystoma suggests that the arrangement of the epidermal ciliary cells is relatively constant at the inter-specific level. Comparison of Protopolystoma with Polystoma, Diplorchis and Oculotrema reveals that whilst the ciliary cell patterns are clearly related there are important differences in both cell number and disposition at the inter-generic level. Differences are also evident in the distribution of epidermal sensillae in Protopolystoma and Polystoma. Protopolystoma is distinguished from all other polystomatids infecting anuran hosts by the presence of two pairs of haptoral hamuli.

Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 71 , Issue 3 , December 1975 , pp. 445 - 463
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1975

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bychowsky, B. E. (1957). Monogenetic Trematodes, their Classification and Phytogeny. Moscow: Leningrad. Academy of Sciences, U.S.S.R. (in Russian); English translation by W. J. Hargis and P. C. Oustinoff (1961). Washington: American Institute of Biological Sciences.Google Scholar
Combes, C. (1967). Biologie des Polystomatidae (Monogenea): existence et démonstration expérimental des possibilités de cycle interne direct. Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 92, 129–33.Google Scholar
Combes, C. (1968). Biologie, écologie des cycles et biogéographie de Digénes et Monogènes d'Amphibiens dans l'Est des Pyrénées. Mémoires du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Paris. Nouvelle série A 51, 1–195.Google Scholar
Combes, C., Bourgat, R. & Salami-Cadoux, M.-L. (1973). Biologie des Polystomatidae: Le cycle interne direct chez Eupolystoma alluaudi (de Beauchamp, 1913). Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde 42, 69–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gallien, L. (1935). Recherches expérimentales sur le dimorphisme évolutif et la biologie de Polystoma integerrimum Fröhl. Travaux du Station de Zoologie, Wimereux 12, 1–181.Google Scholar
Griffiths, I. (1963). The phylogeny of the Salientia. Biological Reviews 38, 241–92.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jennings, J. B. & Le Flore, W. B. (1972). The histochemical demonstration of certain aspects of cercarial morphology. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 91, 56–62.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kearn, G. C. (1973). An endogenous circadian hatching rhythm in the monogenean skin parasite Entobdella soleae, and its relationship to the activity rhythm of the host (Solea solea). Parasitology 66, 101–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kearn, G. C. (1974 a). Nocturnal hatching in the monogenean skin parasite Entobdella hippoglossi from the halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus. Parasitology 68, 161–72.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kearn, G. C. (1974 b). The effects of fish skin mucus on hatching in the monogenean parasite Entobdella soleae from the skin of the common sole, Solea solea. Parasitology 68, 173–88.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Llewellyn, J. (1963). Larvae and larval development of monogeneans. Advances in Parasitology 1, 287–326.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Llewellyn, J. (1968). Larvae and larval development of monogeneans. Advances in Parasitology 6, 373–83.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Macdonald, S. (1974). Host skin mucus as a hatching stimulant in Acanthocotyle lobianchi, a monogenean from the skin of Raja spp. Parasitology 68, 331–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Macdonald, S. & Caley, J. (1975). Sexual reproduction in the monogenean Diclidophora merlangi: tissue penetration by sperms. Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde 45, 323–34.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Macnae, W., Rock, L. & Makowski, M. (1973). Platyhelminths from the South African Clawed Toad, or Platanna (Xenopus laevis). Journal of Helminthology 47, 199–235.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maeder, A.-M. (1973). Monogènes et Trématodes parasites d'Amphibiens en Côte d'Ivoire. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 80, 267–322.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mitchell, J. B. (1973 a). Gorgoderina vitelliloba (Trematoda: Gorgoderidae) in its definitive host, Rana temporaria. International Journal for Parasitology 3, 539–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mitchell, J. B. (1973 b). The effect of temperature on the development of Gorgoderina vitelliloba in Rana temporaria. International Journal for Parasitology 3, 545–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nieuwkoop, P. D. & Faber, J. (1956). Normal table of Xenopus laevis (Daudin). Amsterdam: North Holland Publishing Co.Google Scholar
Oglesby, L. C. (1961). Ovoviviparity in the monogenetic trematode Polystomoidella oblonga. Journal of Parasitology 47, 237–43.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ozaki, Y. (1935 a). Studies on the frog trematode Diplorchis ranae. I. Morphology of the adult form with a review of the family Polystomatidae. Journal of Science of the Hiroshima University. Series B 3, 193–225.Google Scholar
Ozaki, Y. (1935 b). Studies on the frog trematode Diplorchis ranae. II. Morphology and behaviour of the swimming larva. Journal of Science of the Hiroshima University. Series B 4, 23–34.Google Scholar
Paul, A. A. (1938). Life history studies of North American freshwater polystomes. Journal of Parasitology 24, 489–510.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pritchard, M. H. (1964). Notes of four helminths from the clawed toad, Xenopus laevis (Daudin) in South Africa. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington 31, 121–8.Google Scholar
Rowan, W. B. (1956). The mode of hatching of the egg of Fasciola hepatica. Experimental Parasitology 5, 118–37.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Savage, R. M. (1950). Observations on some natural epizootics of the trematode Polystoma integerrimum among tadpoles of Rana temporaria temporaria. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 120, 15–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stunkard, H. W. (1924). A new trematode Oculotrema hippopotami n.g., n.sp., from the eye of the hippopotamus. Parasitology 16, 436–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thurston, J. P. (1964). The morphology and life cycle of Protopolystoma xenopi (Price) Bychowsky in Uganda. Parasitology 54, 441–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thurston, J. P. (1968 a). The larva of Oculotrema hippopotami (Monogenea: Polystomatidae). Journal of Zoology, London 154, 475–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thurston, J. P. (1968 b). The frequency distribution of Oculotrema hippopotami (Monogenea: Polystomatidae) on Hippopotamus amphibius. Journal of Zoology, London 154, 481–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tinsley, R. C. (1973 a). Observations on Polystomatidae (Monogenoidea) from East Africa with a description of Polystoma makereri n.sp. Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde 42, 251–63.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tinsley, R. C. (1973 b). Studies on the ecology and systematics of a new species of clawed toad, the genus Xenopus, from western Uganda. Journal of Zoology, London 169, 1–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tinsley, R. C. (1973 c). Ultrastructural studies on the form and function of the gastrodermis of Protopolystoma xenopi (Monogenoidea: Polyopisthocotylea). Biological Bulletin 144, 541–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tinsley, R. C. (1974 a). A redescription of Polystoma pricei Vercammen-Grandjean, 1960 (Monogenoidea: Polystomatidae). Revue de Zoologie Africain 88, 165–74.Google Scholar
Tinsley, R. C. (1974 b). Observations on Polystoma africanum Szidat with a review of the inter-relationships of Polystoma species in Africa. Journal of Natural History 8, 355–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tinsley, R. C. (1975). The morphology and distribution of Xenopus vestitus (Anura: Pipidae) in Central Africa. Journal of Zoology, London 175, 473–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tinsley, R. C. & Sweeting, R. A. (1974). Studies on the biology and taxonomy of Diplostomulum (Tylodelphylus) xenopodis from the African clawed toad, Xenopus laevis. Journal of Helminthology 48, 247–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiskin, M. (1970). The oncomiracidium and post-oncomiracidial development of the hexabothriid monogenean Rajonchocotyle emarginata. Parasitology 60, 457–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yamaguti, S. (1940). Uber den infektionsmodus von Diplorchis ranae Ozaki, 1931. Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde 12, 84–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zeller, E. (1872). Untersuchungen über die Entwicklung und Bau des Polystomum integerrimum Rud. Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche Zoologie 22, 1–28.Google Scholar
Zeller, E. (1876). Weiteren beitrag zur Kentniss der Polystomen. Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche Zoologie 27, 238–75.Google Scholar