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Spatio-temporal variations and age effect on Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in seals from the Canadian Arctic

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 August 2011

A. SIMON ,
M. CHAMBELLANT ,
B. J. WARD ,
M. SIMARD ,
J. F. PROULX ,
B. LEVESQUE ,
M. BIGRAS-POULIN ,
A. N. ROUSSEAU  and
N. H. OGDEN
A. SIMON*
Affiliation:
Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Pathologie et microbiologie Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
M. CHAMBELLANT
Affiliation:
Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Fisheries and Oceans, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada University of Manitoba, Department of Biological Sciences, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
B. J. WARD
Affiliation:
Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
M. SIMARD
Affiliation:
Makivik Corporation, Nunavik Research Center, Kuujjuaq, Quebec, Canada
J. F. PROULX
Affiliation:
Nunavik Regional Board of Health and Social Services, Direction de la Santé Publique, Kuujjuaq, Quebec, Canada
B. LEVESQUE
Affiliation:
Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Axe Santé des Populations et Environnement, Québec, Québec, Canada Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Direction de la Santé Environnementale et de la Toxicologie, Québec, Québec, Canada
M. BIGRAS-POULIN
Affiliation:
Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Pathologie et microbiologie Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
A. N. ROUSSEAU
Affiliation:
Institut National de Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Québec, Québec, Canada
N. H. OGDEN
Affiliation:
Zoonoses Division, Centre for Food-borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
*
*Corresponding author: Groupe de recherche en épidémiologie des zoonoses et santé publique, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, C.P. 5000, Saint-Hyacinthe, J2S 7C6, Québec, Canada. Tel: +1(450) 773 8521 ext. 0082. Fax: +1(450) 778 8129. E-mail: [email protected]
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Summary

Toxoplasmosis is a significant public health threat for Inuit in the Canadian Arctic. This study aimed to investigate arctic seals as a possible food-borne source of infection. Blood samples collected from 828 seals in 7 Canadian Arctic communities from 1999 to 2006 were tested for Toxoplasma gondii antibodies using a direct agglutination test. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect T. gondii DNA in tissues of a subsample of seals. Associations between seal age, sex, species, diet, community and year of capture, and serological test results were investigated by logistic regression. Overall seroprevalence was 10·4% (86/828). All tissues tested were negative by PCR. In ringed seals, seroprevalence was significantly higher in juveniles than in adults (odds ratio=2·44). Overall, seroprevalence varied amongst communities (P=0·0119) and by capture year (P=0·0001). Our study supports the hypothesis that consumption of raw seal meat is a significant source of infection for Inuit. This work raises many questions about the mechanism of transfer of this terrestrial parasite to the marine environment, the preponderance of infection in younger animals and the natural course of infection in seals. Further studies to address these questions are essential to fully understand the health risks for Inuit communities.

Keywords

Toxoplasma gondiisealsCanadian Arcticwild felidswaterborne transmission
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 138 , Issue 11 , September 2011 , pp. 1362 - 1368
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2011

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