Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T17:42:04.609Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The population biology of the free-living phase of Haemonchus contortus

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2009

G. Smith
G. Smith
Affiliation:
University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, 382 West Street Road, Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

A deterministic model for the demography of the free-living stages of Haemonchus contortus is described. The model consists of three compartments: the pre-infective stages, comprising the eggs and first- and second-stage larvae combined; third-stage larvae in the faeces; and third-stage larvae on the pasture. The mortality (μj) of each of these stages was a function of temperature (K, where K = (degrees Celsius + 30)/100) of the form, μj = aj exp [xj K] + bj exp [– βj K]. The minimum time to second moult (γ) and the moulting rate thereafter (σ) were also functions of temperature (In [1/γ] = c1 + c2[1/K], and σ = d1 exp [d2 K] respectively). The rate at which L3 larvae migrated out of the faeces was treated as a constant (0.165/larva/day).

Keywords

Haemonchus contortusdevelopmentmortalityfree-living stages
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 101 , Issue 2 , October 1990 , pp. 309 - 316
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1990

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Altaif, K. I. & Yakoob, A. Y. (1987). Development and survival of Haemonchus contortus larvae on pasture in Iraq. Tropical Animal Health and Production 19, 88–92.Google Scholar
Berberian, J. F. & Mizelle, J. D. (1957). Developmental studies on Haemonchus contortus, Rudolphi (1803). The American Midland Naturalist 57, 421–39.Google Scholar
Berman, N. M. & Weiss, M. F. (1978). SAAM Manual, U.S. Department of Health Education and Welfare, Publication NO. (HIH), pp. 78–180, Washington, D. C.Google Scholar
Boag, B. & Thomas, R. J. (1985). The effect of temperature on the survival of infective larvae of nematodes. Journal of Parasitology 71, 383–4.Google Scholar
Dinaburg, A. G. (1944). Development and survival under outdoor conditions of eggs and larvae of the common ruminant worm, Haemonchus contortus. Journal of Agricultural Research 69, 421–33.Google Scholar
Ellenby, C. (1968). Desiccation and survival of the infective larvae of Haemonchus contortus. Journal of Experimental Biology 49, 469–75.Google Scholar
Gibson, M. E. (1981). The effect of constant and changing temperatures on the development rate of the eggs and larvae of Ostertagia ostertagi. Journal of Thermal Biology 6, 389–94.Google Scholar
Grenfeli, B. T., Smith, G. & Anderson, R. M. (1986). Maximum-likehood estimates of the mortality and migration rates of the infective larvae of Ostertagia ostertagi and Cooperia oncophora. Parasitology 92, 471–82.Google Scholar
Hsu, C. K. & Levine, N. D. (1977). Degree-day concept in development of infective larvae of Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis under constant and cyclic conditions. American Journal of Veterinary Research 38, 1115–19.Google ScholarPubMed
Jehan, M. & Gupta, V. (1974). The effects of temperature on the survival and development of the free-living stages of twisted wire worm Haemonchus contortus Rudolphi, 1803 of sheep and other ruminants. Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde 43, 197–208.Google Scholar
Levine, N. D. (1963). Weather, climate and the bionomics of ruminant nematode larvae. Advances in Veterinary Science 8, 215–61.Google ScholarPubMed
Levine, N. D., Todd, K. S. & Boatman, P. A. (1974). Development and survival of Haemonchus contortus on pasture. American Journal of Veterinary Research 35, 1413–22.Google Scholar
Levine, N. D. & Todd, K. S. (1975). Micrometeorological factors involved in development and survival of free-living stages of the sheep nematodes Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis. International Journal for Biometeorology 19, 174–83.Google Scholar
Mauleon, H. & Gruner, L. (1984). Influence de la deshydration des feces d'ovins sur l'evolution des stade libres de strongyles gastro-intestinaux. Annales de Recherches Veterinaires 15, 519–28.Google Scholar
Okon, E. D. & Enyenihi, U. K. (1977). Development and survival of Haemonchus contortus on pastures in Ibadan. Tropical Animal Health and Production 9, 7–10.Google Scholar
Rose, J. H. (1963). Observations on the free-living stages of the stomach worm Haemonchus contortus. Parasitology 53, 469–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rose, J. H. (1964). Relationship between environment and the development and migration of the free-living stages of Haemonchus contortus. Journal of Comparative Pathology 74, 163–72.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shorb, D. A. (1943). Survival on grass plots of eggs and preinfective larvae of the common sheep stomach worm, Haemonchus contortus. Journal of Parasitology 29, 284–9.Google Scholar
Shorb, D. A. (1944). Factors influencing embryonation and survival of eggs of the stomach worm, Haemonchus contortus. Journal of Agricultural Research 69, 279–87.Google Scholar
Silverman, P. H. & Campbell, J. A. (1959). Studies on parasitic worms of sheep in Scotland 1. Embryonic and larval development of Haemonchus contortus at constant conditions. Parasitology 49, 23–38.Google Scholar
Smith, G. (1988). The population biology of the parasitic phase of Haemonchus contortus. Parasitology 96, 105–95.Google Scholar
Smith, G. (1990). Ecology of the free-living stages. In Hookworm Disease: Current Status and New Directions (ed. Warren, K. & Schad, G. A.), pp. 89–104. Basingstoke, U. K.: Taylor and Francis.Google Scholar
Smith, G., Grenfell, B. T. & Anderson, R. M. (1986). The development and mortality of the non-infective free-living stages of Ostertagia ostertagi in the field and in laboratory culture. Parasitology 92, 471–82.Google Scholar
Smith, G., Grenfell, B. T., Anderson, R. M. & Beddington, J. (1987). Population biology of Ostertagia ostertagi and anthelmintic strategies against ostertagiasis in calves. Parasitology 95, 407–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, G. & Schad, G. A. (1989). Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus: the effect of temperature on the development and mortality of the eggs. Parasitology 99, 127–32.Google Scholar
Todd, K. S., Levine, N. D. & Boatman, P. A. (1976). Effect of temperature on survival of free-living stages of Haemonchus contortus. American Journal of Veterinary Research 37, 991–2.Google Scholar
Todd, K. S., Levine, N. D. & Whiteside, C. C. (1970). Moisture stress effects on survival of infective Haemonchus contortus larvae. Journal of Nematology 2, 330–3.Google Scholar
Young, R. R. & Anderson, N. (1981). The ecology of the free-living stages of Ostertagia ostertagi in a winter rainfall region. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 32, 371–88.Google Scholar
Young, R. R., Nicholson, R. M., Tweedie, R. L. & Schuh, H. J. (1980). Quantitative modelling and prediction of development times of the free-living stages of Ostertagia ostertagi under controlled conditions and in the field. Parasitology 81, 493–505.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waller, P. J. & Donald, A. D. (1970). The response to desiccation of eggs of Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Haemonchus contortus (Nematode: Trichostrongylidae). Parasitology 61, 195–204.Google Scholar