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Intra- and interspecific genetic diversity of New Zealand hairworms (Nematomorpha)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2017

ZACHARY J. C. TOBIAS Open the ORCID record for ZACHARY J. C. TOBIAS [Opens in a new window] ,
ARUN K. YADAV ,
ANDREAS SCHMIDT-RHAESA  and
ROBERT POULIN
ZACHARY J. C. TOBIAS*
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
ARUN K. YADAV
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India
ANDREAS SCHMIDT-RHAESA
Affiliation:
Zoological Museum, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
ROBERT POULIN
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
*
*Corresponding author: Department of Zoology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand. E-mail: [email protected]
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Summary

Hairworms (Nematomorpha) are a little-known group of parasites, and despite having been represented in the taxonomic literature for over a century, the implementation of molecular genetics in studies of hairworm ecology and evolution lags behind that of other parasitic taxa. In this study, we characterize the genetic diversity of the New Zealand nematomorph fauna and test for genetic structure within the most widespread species found. We provide new mitochondrial and nuclear ribosomal sequence data for three previously described species from New Zealand: Gordius paranensis, Parachordodes diblastus and Euchordodes nigromaculatus. We also present genetic data on a previously reported but undescribed Gordius sp., as well as data from specimens of a new Gordionus sp., a genus new for New Zealand. Phylogenetic analyses of CO1 and nuclear rDNA regions correspond with morphological classification based on scanning electron microscopy, and demonstrate paraphyly of the genus Gordionus and the potential for cryptic species within G. paranensis. Population-level analyses of E. nigromaculatus showed no genetic differentiation among sampling locations across the study area, in contrast to previously observed patterns in known and likely definitive hosts. Taken together, this raises the possibility that factors such as definitive host specificity, intermediate host movement, and passive dispersal of eggs and larvae may influence host–parasite population co-structure in hairworms.

Keywords

NematomorphahairwormsEuchordodes nigromaculatushost–parasite population structureNew Zealand
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 144 , Issue 8 , July 2017 , pp. 1026 - 1040
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Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2017 

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