Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-g8jcs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-30T15:29:58.607Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Immunological response of rabbits to Toxocara canis infection

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2009

S. T. Fernando
S. T. Fernando
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Science, University of Ceylon, Peradeniya, Ceylon
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Studies on immunological response of rabbits to Toxocara canis infection have been reported. It was observed that rabbits previously infected by two sublethal doses of 1200 infective ova each, with a 14-day interval between the two doses, acquired strong immunity to the effects of reinfestation induced by a large dose of infective ova, i.e. 100000. Post-mortem studies indicate that immunity is mainly directed against the migration of larvae to the lungs. The animals which resisted the effects of reinfestation showed an enhanced antibody response as shown by complement-fixation and agar-diffusion precipitin tests.

The precipitin reaction in the sera of animals infected by oral and subcutaneous routes respectively was studied with three preparations of antigen, namely, saline extracts, boiled saline extracts of adult worms, and saline extracts of infective ova. It was observed that the extract of adult worms was deficient in a minimum of three antigenic components present in the extract of infective ova.

It is a pleasure to thank Professor C. A. McGaughey for the facilities given for this study, Professor P. Seneviratna for his constructive criticism, and Messrs W. G. Senaratne and K. G. Karunaratne for technical assistance and the photo graphy respectively.

Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 58 , Issue 1 , February 1968 , pp. 91 - 103
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1968

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Augustine, D. L. (1927). Development in prenatal infestation of Belascaris. J. Parasit. 13, 256–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beaver, P. C. (1956). Parasitological reviews. Larva migrans. Expl Parasit. 5, 587–621.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beaver, P. C., Snyder, C. H., Carrera, G. M., Dent, J. H. & Lafferty, J. W. (1952). Chronic eosinophilia due to visceral larva migrans. Paediatrics 6, 7–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bunkantz, S. C., Rein, C. R. & Kent, J. F. (1946). Studies on complement fixation. II. Preservation of sheep's blood in citrate-dextrose mixtures (modified). J. Lab. clin. Med. 31, 394–9.Google Scholar
Done, J. T., Richardson, M. D. & Gibson, T. E. (1960). Experimental visceral larva migrans in the pig. Res. vet. Sci. 1, 133–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Douglas, J. R. & Baker, N. F. (1959). The chronology of experimental intrauterine infections with Toxocara canis (Werner, 1782) in the dog. J. Parasit. 45 Suppl. 43. (Abstr.).Google Scholar
Ehrenford, F. A. (1957). Canine ascaris as a potential source of visceral larva migrans. Am. J. trop. Med. 9, 166–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fülleborn, F. (1921). Über die Wanderung von Askaris und anderen Nematodenlarven imkörper und intrauterine Askaris infektion. Arch. Schiffs-u. Tropenhyg. 25, 146–9.Google Scholar
Huntley, C. C. & Moreland, A. (1963). Gel diffusion studies with Toxocara and Ascaris extracts. Am. J. trop. Med. 12, 204–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jung, R. C. & Pacheco, G. (1960). Use of a haemagglutination test in visceral larva migrans. Am. J. trop. Med. 6, 185–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kabat, E. A. & Mayer, M. M. (1961). Experimental immunochemistry, 2nd ed.149 pp. Springfield, Illinois, U.S.A.: Charles C. Thomas.Google Scholar
Kekwick, R. A. (1940). The serum protein in multiple myelomatosis. Biochem. J. 14, 234.Google Scholar
Kerr, K. B. (1938). The cellular response in acquired resistance in guinea-pigs to an infection with pig ascaris. Am. J. Hyg. 20, 28–51.Google Scholar
Lanni, F., Dillon, M. L. & Beard, J. W. (1950). Determination of small quantities of nitrogen in serological precipitate and other biological materials. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. Med. 74, 4–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lee, Hong-Fang (1960). Effects of superinfection on the behaviour of Toxocara canis larvae in mice. J. Parasit. 49, 583–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mayer, M. M., Osler, A. G., Bier, O. G. & Heidelberger, M. (1946). The activating effect of magnesium and the other cations on the haemolytic function of complement. J. exp. Med. 84, 535–48.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Olson, L. J. (1960). Serology of visceral larva migrans: in vitro larval precipitate test. Tex. Rep. Biol. Med. 18, 473–9.Google ScholarPubMed
Olson, L. J. (1962). Organ distribution of Toxocara canis larvae in normal mice and in mice previously infected with Toxocara, Ascaris or Trichinella. Tex. Rep. Biol. Med. 27, 651–7.Google Scholar
Olson, L. J., Richards, B. & Ewert, A. (1960). Detection of metabolic antigens from nematode larvae by a microculture agar-gel technique. Tex. Rep. Biol. Med. 18, 254–9.Google ScholarPubMed
Ouchterlony, O. (1949). Antigen antibody reactions in gels. Acta path. microbiol. scand. 26, 507–15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sadun, E. H., Norman, L. & Allain, D. (1957). The detection of antibodies to infection with the nematode Toxocara canis, a causative agent of visceral larvae migrans. Am. J. trop. Med. 9, 562–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schacher, J. F. (1957). A contribution to the life history and larval morphology of Toxocara canis. J. Parasit. 43, 599–612.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sharp, A. D. & Olson, L. J. (1962). Hypersensitivity responses in Tocoxara-Ascaris- and Trichinella-infected guinea-pigs to homologous and heterologous challenge. J. Parasit. 48, 362–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Soulsby, E. J. L. (1958). Immunity to parasitism. Nature, Lond. 181, 464.Google Scholar
Sprent, J. F. A. & Chen, H. H. (1949). Immunological studies in mice infected with the larvae of Ascaris lumbricoides. I. Criteria of immunity and immunizing effect of isolated worm tissues. J. infect. Dis. 84, 111–24.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sprent, J. F. A. (1952). On the migratory behaviour of the larvae of various ascaris species in white mice. I. Distribution of larvae in tissues. J. infect. Dis. 67, 165–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sprent, J. F. A. (1955 a). On the invasion of the central nervous system by nematodes. I. The incidence and pathological significance of nematodes in the central nervous system. Parasitology 45, 31–40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sprent, J. F. A. (1955 b). On the invasion of the central nervous system by nematodes. II. Invasion of the nervous system in ascariasis. Parasitology 45, 41–55.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stewart, D. F. (1950). Studies on resistance of sheep to infestation with Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. and on the immunological reactions of sheep exposed to infestation. I. The preparation of antigen for the complement fixation test and the reactivity of the biochemical fractions of H.contortus. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 1, 285–300.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uriel, J. & Grabar, P. (1956). Emploi colorants dans l'analyse electrophoretique et immuno-electrophoretique en milieu gelifié. Annls Inst. Pasteur, Paris 67, 427–40.Google Scholar
Wagner, O. (1933). Immunisierungsversuche bei experimenteller Ascaris infektion der Maus. Z. ImmunForsch. exp. Ther. 78, 372–82.Google Scholar
Webster, G. A. (1958). On prenatal infection and the migration of Toxocara canis (Werner, 1782) in dogs. Can. J. Zool. 36, 435–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yutuc, L. M. (1949). Prenatal infection of dogs with ascarids, Toxocara canis and hookworms, Ancyclostoma caninum. J. Parasit. 35, 358–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar