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Host-parasite associations and host-specificity in haemoparasites of reed bed passerines

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 January 2012

RITA VENTIM ,
JOANA MORAIS ,
SARA PARDAL ,
LUÍSA MENDES ,
JAIME A. RAMOS  and
JAVIER PÉREZ-TRIS
RITA VENTIM*
Affiliation:
Institute of Marine Research (IMAR/CMA), Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Apartado 3046, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
JOANA MORAIS
Affiliation:
Institute of Marine Research (IMAR/CMA), Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Apartado 3046, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal
SARA PARDAL
Affiliation:
Institute of Marine Research (IMAR/CMA), Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Apartado 3046, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal
LUÍSA MENDES
Affiliation:
Institute of Marine Research (IMAR/CMA), Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Apartado 3046, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal
JAIME A. RAMOS
Affiliation:
Institute of Marine Research (IMAR/CMA), Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Apartado 3046, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal
JAVIER PÉREZ-TRIS
Affiliation:
Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
*
*Corresponding author: Institute of Marine Research (IMAR/CMA), Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Apartado 3046, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal. Tel: +351 916343436. E-mail: [email protected]
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Summary

The host specificity and host sharing of avian haemoparasites (genera Haemoproteus and Plasmodium) is still poorly known, although they infect a large proportion of several studied bird populations. This study used molecular techniques to detect haemoparasites in marsh warblers and in other passerines that feed in reed beds, at 4 sites in Portugal. The host-specificity of the parasite lineages was analysed and compared with other cases described in the literature to assess whether apparent host specificity changes according to the studied system. Nine lineages of Haemoproteus and 15 of Plasmodium were found, of which only 10 Plasmodium were proven to have local transmission. Each lineage was confined to a distinct set of host species. The distribution of parasites in the host species was non-nested, meaning that specialist lineages did not always share hosts with generalists. The most prevalent lineages were those with a wider host range, indicating that the ability to infect more hosts will enhance a parasite's prevalence in its entire host range. We also found that in our areas, a specialist parasite (H. MW1) appears to have a more generalist character than described in the literature, suggesting that a parasite's apparent specialization can depend on the type of host species sampled.

Keywords

avian malariaHaemoproteushaemosporidianhost–parasite associationhost rangelocal transmissionnestednessPlasmodiumspecialists versus generalists
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 139 , Issue 3 , March 2012 , pp. 310 - 316
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2012

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