Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gbm5v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T00:47:14.708Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Host restriction, morphology and isoenzymes among trypanosomes of some British freshwater fishes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2009

C. A. Letch
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Science, North-East London Polytechnic, Romford Road, Stratford, London E15

Summary

Trypanosomes were studied from the blood of 6 species of small British fish caught in the River Lee. Morphologically the trypanosomes from the blood of Nemacheilus barbatulus L., Phoxinus phoxinus L., Cottus gobio L., Gobio gobio L., Gasterosteus aculeatus and Pungitus pungitus L. were indistinguishable. Cross-transmission experiments using syringe passage of culture forms and also the leech vector Hemiclepsis marginata showed that the trypanosomes were not host specific. The isoenzyme patterns of culture forms from N. barbatulus and P. phoxinus were identical for 11 enzymes studied. The trypanosomes from the 6 species of fish previously classified as separate species are, on the basis of these results, regarded as a single species, Trypanosoma cobitis (Mitrophanow, 1883).

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1979

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Bagster, I. A. & Parr, C. W. (1973). Trypanosome identification by electrophoresis of soluble enzymes. Nature, London 244, 364–6.Google Scholar
Baker, J. R. (1966). Studies on Trypanosoma avium. IV. The development of infective metacyclic trypanosomes in cultures grown in vitro. Parasitology 56, 1519.Google Scholar
Becker, C. D. (1967). Trypanosoma occidentalis sp.n. from freshwater teleosts in Washington State. Journal of Protozoology 14, (1), 153–6.Google Scholar
Becker, C. D. (1970). Haematozoa of fishes, with emphasis on North American records. In Symposium on Diseases of Fish and Shell-fish (ed. Snieszko, S. F.).Google Scholar
Brumpt, E. (1906 a). Sur quelques espéces nouvelles de trypanosomes parasites des poissons d'eau douce, leur mode d'evolution. Comptes Rendu des Séances de la Société de Biologie 60, 160–2.Google Scholar
Brumpt, E. (1960 b). Mode de transmission et évolution des trypanosomes des poissons. Description de quelques espéces des trypanoplasms des poissons d'eau douce. Trypanosome d'un crapaud africain. Comptes Rendu des Séances de la Société de Biologie 60, 162–4.Google Scholar
Bykhovskaya-Pavlovskaya, I. E., Gusev, A. V., Dubinam, M. N., Izyumova, N. A., Smirnova, T. S., Sokolovskaya, I. L., Shtein, G. A., Schulman, S. S. & Epshstein, V. M. (1962). Key to the Parasites of Freshwater Fish of the U.S.S.R. Izdatolstvo Akademii Nauk SSSR. Moscow and Leningrad. English translation by Israel Program for Scientific Translation, 1964, pp. 919.Google Scholar
Carter, R. & McGregor, I. A. (1973). Enzyme variation in Plasmodium falciparum in Gambia. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 67, 830–7.Google Scholar
Cottrell, B. J. (1975). The immune response of plaice with particular emphasis on antigenic stimulation by tissue parasites. Ph.D. thesis, University of London.Google Scholar
Cottrell, B. J. (1977). A trypanosome from the plaice, Pleuronectes platessa L. Journal of Fish Biology 11, 3547.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Danilewsky, B. (1885). Zur Parasitologie des Blutes. Biologisches Zentralblatt 5, 529–37.Google Scholar
Davis, B. S. (1952). Studies on trypanosomes of some Californian mammals. University of California Publications on Zoology 57, 145250.Google Scholar
Diamond, L. S. (1965). A study of morphology, biology and taxonomy of the trypanosomes of Anura. Wildlife Diseases 44, 181.Google ScholarPubMed
Dias, E. & Freitas, L. (1943). Biometrics of haemoflagellates of genera Schizotrypanum. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 38, 427.Google Scholar
Dice, L. R. & Leraas, H. J. (1936). A graphic method for comparing several sets of measurements. Contributions from the Laboratory of Vertebrate Genetics of the University of Michigan 3, 13.Google Scholar
Gardner, P. J., Chance, M. L. & Peters, W. (1974). Biochemical taxonomy of Leishmania. II. Electrophoretic variations of malate dehydrogenase. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 68, 317–25.Google Scholar
Gibson, W., Mehlitz, D., Lanham, S. M. & Godfrey, D. G. (1978). The identification of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in Liberian pigs and dogs by isoenzymes and by resistance to human plasma. Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie (in the Press).Google Scholar
Godfrey, D. G. (1977). Problems of distinguishing between the morphologically similar trypanosomes of mammals. Protozoology 3, 3349.Google Scholar
Godfrey, D. G. & Kilgour, V. (1976). Enzyme electrophoresis in characterizing the causative organism of Gambian trypanosomiasis. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 70, (3), 219–24.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hoare, C. A. (1956). Morphological and taxonomic studies on mammalian trypanosomes. VIII. Revision of Trypanosoma evansi. Parasitology 46 (1), 130–72.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hoare, C. A. (1959). Morphological and taxonomic studies on mammalian trypanosomes. IX. Revision of Trypanosoma dimorphon. Parasitology 49 (2), 210–31.Google Scholar
Hoare, C. A. (1972). The Trypanosomes of Mammals. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Keymer, I. F. (1967). Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) spp. Hoare 1964. of ruminants. Veterinary Record 80, 286.Google Scholar
Keymer, I. F. (1969). Investigations on the duiker (Sylvicapra grimnia) and its blood protozoa in Africa. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 255, 33108.Google Scholar
Khan, R. A. (1976). The life cycle of Trypanosoma murmanensis Niktin. Canadian Journal of Zoology 54 (11), 1840–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khan, R. A. (1977). Susceptibility of marine fish to trypanosomes. Canadian Journal of Zoology 55 (8), 1235–41.Google Scholar
Khayaboulajev, Ka. Kh. (1970). The role of leeches in the life cycle of blood parasites of fish. Parazitologiya 4 (1) 1319 (In Russian).Google Scholar
Kilgour, V. & Godfrey, D. G. (1973). Species-characteristic isoenzymes of two aminotransferases in trypanosomes. Nature, London 244, 6970.Google Scholar
Laveran, M. A. (1904). Trypanoplasmes et trypanosomes du Vairon. Comptes Rendus des Séances de la Société de Biologie 57, 250–1.Google Scholar
Laveran, A. & Mesnil, F. (1902 a). Des trypanosomes des poissons. Archiv für Protistenkund 1, 475–98.Google Scholar
Laveran, A. & Mesnil, F. (1902 b). Sur le mode de multiplication des trypanosomes des poissons. Comptes rendu hebdomonadaire des séances de l'Académie de Sciences, Paris 134, 1405–9.Google Scholar
Laveran, A. & Mesnil, F. (1907). Trypanosomes and Trypanosomiases. Baillière, Tindall and Cox.Google Scholar
Laveran, A. & Mesnil, F. (1912). Trypanosomes et Trypanosomiases. Paris: Masson.Google Scholar
Léger, M. L. (1904). Sur les hemoflagelles du Cobitis barbatula L. I. Trypanosoma barbatulae n.sp. Comptes Rendus des Séances de la Société de Biologie 57, 344.Google Scholar
Letch, C. A. (1977). Studies on trypanosomes of small fishes from the River Lee. Ph.D. thesis, Council for National Academic Awards.Google Scholar
Lima, D. F. (1976). Uma especie nova de tripanossoma na tainha (Mugil brasiliensis Agassiz, 1829) (Pisces, Mugilidae). Revista brasileria de Biologia 36, (1), 167–9.Google ScholarPubMed
Lom, J. (1973). Experimental infections of freshwater fishes with blood flagellates. Journal of Protozoology 20 (4), 537.Google Scholar
Mandal, A. K. (1975). Two new trypanosomes from Indian freshwater fishes. Angewandte Parasitologie 16 (2), 8793.Google Scholar
Mandal, A. K. (1977). Trypanosoma choudhuryi sp.nov. from Tilapia mossambica (Peters). Acta Protozoologica 16 (1), 15.Google Scholar
McFarland, W. N. (1960). The use of anaesthetics for the handling and transport of fishes. California Fish and Game 46 (4), 407–31.Google Scholar
Miles, M. A., Toyé, P., Oswald, S. C. & Godfrey, D. G. (1977). The identification by isoenzyme patterns of two distinct strain-groups of Trypanosoma cruzi circulating in a rural area of Brazil. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 71, 217–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Minchin, E. A. (1909). Observations on the flagellates parasitic in the blood of freshwater fishes. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1, 230.Google Scholar
Mitrophanow, P. (1883). Beiträge zur Kenntnisse der Hämatozoen. Biologisches Zentralblatt 3, 3544.Google Scholar
Needham, E. A. (1969). Protozoa parasitic in fishes. Ph.D. thesis, University of London.Google Scholar
Quadri, S. S. (1962). An experimental study of the life cycle of Trypanosoma danilewskyi in the leech Hemiclepsis marginata. Journal of Parasitology 9, 254–8.Google Scholar
Reeves, R. E. & Bischoff, J. M. (1968). Classification of Entamoeba species by means of electrophoretic properties of amoebal enzymes. Journal of Parasitology 54, 594600.Google Scholar
Robertson, M. (1911). Transmission of flagellates living in the blood of certain freshwater fishes. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 202, 2950.Google Scholar
Taliaferro, W. H. (1923). A study of size and variability throughout the course of ‘pure line’ infections with Trypanosoma lewisi. Journal of Experimental Biology 37, 127–67.Google Scholar
Tobie, E. J., Von Brand, T. & Mehlman, B. (1950). Cultural and physiological observation on Trypanosoma rhodesiense and Trypanosoma gambiense. Journal of Parasitology 36, 4854.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wallace, F. G. (1956). Cultivation of Trypanosoma ranarum on a liquid medium. Journal of Protozoology 3, 47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar