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Host finding behaviour as a predictor of foraging strategy in entomopathogenic nematodes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2009

P. S. Grewal ,
E. E. Lewis ,
R. Gaugler  and
J. F. Campbell
P. S. Grewal
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903–0231, USA
E. E. Lewis
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903–0231, USA
R. Gaugler
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903–0231, USA
J. F. Campbell
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903–0231, USA
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Summary

Foraging strategies of eight species of entomopathogenic nematodes were predicted from their response to host volatile cues and dispersal behaviour on 2-dimensional substrates. Positive directional response to chemical cues and similar distances travelled on smooth (agar) or nictation substrates (agar overlaid with sand grains) by Heterorhabditis bacterio-phora, Heterorhabditis megidis, Steinernema anomali, and Steinernema glaseri suggest their cruising approach to finding hosts. The absence of directional response and less distance travelled on nictation substrate, than on smooth agar by Steinernema carpocapsae and Steinernema scapterisci suggest their ambushing mode of foraging. Steinernema feltiae and Steinernema sp. responded directionally to host volatiles, but travelled less distance on the nictation substrate than on smooth agar; the two species also did not nictate. The cruiser species located hosts more effectively in the sand columns, whereas the ambushers were more effective at finding hosts on filter paper. Steinernema feltiae and Steinernema sp. performed equally on filter paper and in the sand column. We conclude that H. bacteriophora, H. megidis, S. anomali and S. glaseri cruise to find hosts, whereas S. carpocapsae and S. scapterisci ambush hosts. Steinernema feltiae and Steinernema sp. are intermediary in the search continuum sharing some characteristics of both ambush and cruise foragers.

Keywords

entomopathogenic nematodeshost findinghost cuesnictationbehaviourforaging strategies
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 108 , Issue 2 , February 1994 , pp. 207 - 215
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1994

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