Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dk4vv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T00:50:05.379Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Growth, longevity, and the frequency of feeding of Glossina pallidipes Austen

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2009

Thomas R. Odhiambo
Thomas R. Odhiambo
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology, University College of Nairobi, Kenya
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Glossina pallidipes Austen have been successfully reared in the adult stage in the laboratory. The flies fed readily on the belly of guinea-pigs, and the latter did not seem to be worried by the attentions of the flies.

Immediately after adult emergence the flies were kept individually in tubes at four different temperatures (20°, 22°, 24° and 28 °C), at a relative humidity of 40 ± 5%, and they were offered guinea-pigs daily. Fifty per cent of the flies reared at temperatures of 20° and 28 °C died during the first 5 days, 50% of those reared at 24 °C died during the first 10 days, and 50% of those reared at 22 °C lived for more than 50 days.

Few flies reared at 20° or 28 °C fed at all, and those that did had only four or five meals in their life-time; most of the flies reared at 22° or 24 °C did feed, but those reared at 24° took only a few meals. Most of these meals were ‘full’ ones, but a considerable proportion of meals taken by flies reared at 20 °C were ‘partial’ ones. The interval between meals was usually 3 or 4 days; but the time taken between adult emergence and time of first meal was shorter, except for the flies reared at 20 °C.

When tsetse flies are reared at 22 °C the first six blood-meals are smaller than subsequent ones. The size of the meals and the rate of body growth do not seem to be related to the gonadotrophic cycles. On the other hand, the terminal phase of growth in both sexes shows a steady increase in body weight.

The factors that might influence feeding, growth, and the longevity of adult tsetse flies are discussed.

Thanks are extended to Mr J. M. B. Harley of the East African Trypanosomiasis Research Organization for sending me tsetse pupae, to Miss Caroline Walter and Mr John Boro for technical assistance, and to the Rockefeller Foundation for a research grant.

Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 58 , Issue 4 , November 1968 , pp. 801 - 817
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1968

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Azevedo, J. F. de & Pinhaõ, R. da C. (1964). The maintenance of a laboratory colony of Glossina morsitans since 1959. Bull. Wld. Organ. 31, 835–41.Google ScholarPubMed
Bursell, E. (1963). Aspects of the metabolism of amino acids in the tsetse fly, Glossina (Diptera). J. Insect Physiol. 9, 439–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burtt, E. (1946). Salivation by Glossina morsitans on to glass slides: a technique for isolating infected flies. Ann. trop. Med. Parasit. 40, 141–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buxton, P. A. (1930). The biology of a blood sucking bug, Rhodnius prolixus. Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 78, 227–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buxton, P. A. (1955). The Natural History of Tsetse Flies. London: H. K. Lewis.Google Scholar
Clarke, K. U. & Langley, P. (1962). Factors concerned in the initiation of growth and moulting in Locusta migratoria L. Nature, Lond. 194, 160–2.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clarke, K. U. & Langley, P. (1963 a). Studies on the initiation of growth and moulting in Locusta migratoria migratorioides R. & F.—II. The rôle of the stomatogastric nervous system. J. Insect Physiol. 9, 363–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clarke, K. U. & Langley, P. (1963 b). Studies on the initiation of growth and moulting in Locusta migratoria migratorioides R. & F.—III. The role of the frontal ganglion. J. Insect Physiol. 9, 411–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Edney, E. B. & Barass, R. (1962). The body temperature of the tsetse, Glossina morsitans Westwood (Diptera, Muscidae). J. Insect Physiol. 8, 469–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Geigy, R. (1949). Elevage de Glossina palpalis. Acta Trop. 5, 201–18.Google Scholar
Glasgow, J. P. (1961). The feeding habits of Glossina swynnertoni Austen. J. Anim. Ecol. 30, 77–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glasgow, J. P. (1963). The Distribution and Abundance of Tsetse. London: Pergamon Press.Google Scholar
Glasgow, J. P., Isherwood, F., Lee-Jones, F. & Weitz, B. (1958). Factors influencing the staple food of tsetse flies. J. Anim. Ecol. 27, 59–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glover, P. E. (1964). A review of the recent knowledge on the relationship between the testsefly and its vertebrate host. (Paper presented at the First Int. Congr. Parasit. Rome, September, 1964). Cyclostyled, 126 pp.Google Scholar
Harley, J. M. B. (1962). The natural hosts of Glossina. XI Int. Kongr. Entom., Wien, 1960, 2, 406–9.Google Scholar
Isherwood, F., Duffy, B. J., Glasgow, J. P., Lee-Jones, F. & Weitz, B. (1961). Further studies on the food of tsetse flies. J. Anim. Ecol. 30, 259–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mellanby, K. (1936). Experimental work with the tsetse-fly, Glossina palpalis, in Uganda. Bull. ent. Res. 27, 611–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nash, T. A. M., Kernaghan, R. J. & Boyle, J. A. (1966). The large-scale rearing of Glossina austeni (Newst.) in the laboratory. I.—The use of pregnant and non-pregnant goats as hosts. Ann. trop. Med. Parasit. 60, 39–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Odhiambo, T. R. (1966). Growth and the hormonal control of sexual maturation in the male desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria (Forskål). Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 118, 393–412.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Okasha, A. Y. K. (1964), Effects of high temperature in Rhodnius prolixus (Stål). Nature, Lond. 204, 1221–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rothschild, M. & Ford, B. (1964). Maturation and egg-laying of the rabbit flea (Spilopsyllus cuniculi Dale) induced by the external application of hydrocortisone. Nature, Lond. 203, 210–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rothschild, M. & Ford, B. (1966). Hormones of the vertebrate host controlling ovarian regression and copulation of the rabbit flea. Nature, Lond. 211, 261–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Saunders, D. S. (1962). Age determination for female tsetse flies and the age compositions of samples of Glossina pallidipes Aust., G. palpalis fuscipes Newst. and G. brevipalpis Newst. Bull. ent. Res. 53, 579–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, A. W. (1932). The development of West African strains of Trypanosoma gambiense and Glossina tachinoides under normal laboratory conditions, and at raised temperature. Parasitology 24, 401–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vanderplank, F. L. (1948). Studies of the behaviour of the tsetse fly, Glossina pallidipes, in the field: influence of climatic factors on activity. J. Anim. Ecol. 17, 245–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wigglesworth, V. B. (1934). The physiology of ecdysis in Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera). II. Factors controlling moulting and ‘metamorphosis’. Q. Jl microsc. Sci. 77, 191–222.Google Scholar
Wigglesworth, V. B. (1936). The function of the corpus allatum in the growth and reproduction of Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera). Q. Jl microsc. Sci. 79, 91–121.Google Scholar