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Factors associated with human visceral leishmaniasis cases during urban epidemics in Brazil: a systematic review

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 January 2021

Cleya da Silva Santana Cruz ,
David Soeiro Barbosa Open the ORCID record for David Soeiro Barbosa [Opens in a new window] ,
Vinícius Cunha Oliveira ,
Diogo Tavares Cardoso Open the ORCID record for Diogo Tavares Cardoso [Opens in a new window] ,
Nathália Sernizon Guimarães  and
Mariângela Carneiro Open the ORCID record for Mariângela Carneiro [Opens in a new window]
Cleya da Silva Santana Cruz*
Affiliation:
Programa de Pós-graduação em Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 30130-100, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
David Soeiro Barbosa
Affiliation:
Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Vinícius Cunha Oliveira
Affiliation:
Pós-graduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 39100-000, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
Diogo Tavares Cardoso
Affiliation:
Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Nathália Sernizon Guimarães
Affiliation:
Programa de Pós-graduação em Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 30130-100, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Mariângela Carneiro*
Affiliation:
Programa de Pós-graduação em Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 30130-100, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
*
Authors for correspondence: Cleya da Silva Santana Cruz, E-mail: [email protected]; Mariângela Carneiro, E-mail: [email protected]
Authors for correspondence: Cleya da Silva Santana Cruz, E-mail: [email protected]; Mariângela Carneiro, E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is endemic in 70 countries and has been reported in 12 countries of Latin America, with over 90% of the cases reported in Brazil, where epidemics have occurred since 1980. The objective of this review is to describe the factors associated with the occurrence of VL epidemics in humans in urban areas. A systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA-P guidelines. The databases PubMed (by Medline), Cochrane Library, Embase, Amed, LILACS and grey literature [Google Scholar and handsearch of the database of the Information System for Notifiable Diseases (SINAN) of Brazil's Unified Health System] were used. The protocol was registered under PROSPERO (CRD42019128998). Climatic, environmental factors and indicators of urban social structure were described as influencing the outbreaks in the North and Northeast regions. Gender and age characteristics were related to a greater chance of developing VL in the Central-West, Northeast and Southeast regions. Vector indicators showed a positive correlation with the incidence of VL in studies in the Northeast region. In the Southeast and Northeast regions, studies revealed the presence of dogs with positive correlation with VL. Knowledge gaps remain regarding the contribution to the increase in the risk factors described in ecological approaches, as no analysis was performed at the individual level, and it is still necessary to discuss the influence of other associated elements in epidemic episodes in the spread of VL.

Keywords

EpidemicLeishmania infantumsystematic reviewvisceral leishmaniasis
Type
Review Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 148 , Issue 6 , May 2021 , pp. 639 - 647
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Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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