Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gxg78 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T13:07:31.341Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Direct characterization of Blastocystis from faeces by PCR and evidence of zoonotic potential

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 October 2006

U. PARKAR ,
R. J. TRAUB ,
S. KUMAR ,
M. MUNGTHIN ,
S. VITALI ,
S. LEELAYOOVA ,
K. MORRIS  and
R. C. A. THOMPSON
U. PARKAR
Affiliation:
WHO Collaborating Centre for the Molecular Epidemiology of Parasitic Infections and the State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Murdoch University, South Street, Western Australia 6150, Australia
R. J. TRAUB
Affiliation:
WHO Collaborating Centre for the Molecular Epidemiology of Parasitic Infections and the State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Murdoch University, South Street, Western Australia 6150, Australia
S. KUMAR
Affiliation:
Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Selangor 50603, Malaysia
M. MUNGTHIN
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, 315 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, 10400, Bangkok, Thailand
S. VITALI
Affiliation:
Perth Zoo, South Perth, Western Australia 6151, Australia
S. LEELAYOOVA
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, 315 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, 10400, Bangkok, Thailand
K. MORRIS
Affiliation:
Science Division, Department of Conservation and Land Management, Wildlife Place, Woodvale WA 6026, Australia
R. C. A. THOMPSON
Affiliation:
WHO Collaborating Centre for the Molecular Epidemiology of Parasitic Infections and the State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Murdoch University, South Street, Western Australia 6150, Australia
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

In vitro propagation followed by PCR, and a PCR-based method capable of the direct detection of Blastocystis in faeces were utilized to detect Blastocystis from various hosts in Australia, including primates and their handlers from the Perth Zoo. In addition, Blastocystis isolates from dogs and humans living in a localized endemic community in Thailand were also characterized genetically. PCR-based detection directly from faeces was shown to be more sensitive compared with in vitro culture for the detection of Blastocystis. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis of Blastocystis isolates amplified utilizing in vitro techniques prior to PCR revealed that this method favoured the preferential amplification of Blastocystis subtype 5 over subtype 1. This study is the first to provide molecular-based evidence supporting the zoonotic potential of Blastocystis in dogs, possums and primates in a natural setting.

Keywords

Blastocystisin vitro amplificationzoonosesmolecular characterization
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 134 , Issue 3 , March 2007 , pp. 359 - 367
Copyright
© 2006 Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Abe, N. ( 2004). Molecular and phylogenetic analysis of Blastocystis isolates from various hosts. Veterinary Parasitology 120, 235–242.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abe, N., Nagoshi, M., Takami, K., Sawano, Y. and Yoshikawa, H. ( 2002). A survey of Blastocystis sp. in livestock, pets and zoo animals in Japan. Veterinary Parasitology 106, 203–212.Google Scholar
Abe, N., Wu, Z. and Yoshikawa, H. ( 2003 a). Molecular characterisation of Blastocystis isolates from primates. Veterinary Parasitology 113, 321–325.Google Scholar
Abe, N., Wu, Z. and Yoshikawa, H. ( 2003 b). Molecular characterisation of Blastocystis isolates from birds by PCR with diagnostic primers and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene. Parasitology Research 89, 393–396.Google Scholar
Abe, N., Wu, Z. and Yoshikawa, H. ( 2003 c). Zoonotic genotypes of Blastocystis hominis detected in cattle and pigs by PCR with diagnostic primers and restriction fragment length polymoprhism analysis of the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene. Parasitology Research 90, 124–128.Google Scholar
Amin, O. ( 2002). Seasonal prevalence of intestinal parasites in the United States during 2000. The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 66, 799–803.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arisue, N., Hashimoto, T. and Yoshikawa, H. ( 2003). Sequence heterogeneity of the small subunit ribosomal RNA genes among Blastocystis isolates. Parasitology 126, 1–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arisue, N., Hashimoto, T., Yoshikawa, H., Nakamura, Y., Nakamura, G., Nakamura, F., Yano, T. and Hasegawa, M. ( 2002). Phylogenetic position of Blastocystis hominis and of Stramenophiles inferred from multiple molecular sequence data. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 49, 42–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bohm-Gloning, B., Knobloch, J. and Walderich, B. ( 1997). Five subgroups of Blastocystis hominis isolates from symptomatic and asymptomatic patients revealed by restriction site analysis of PCR-amplified 16S-like rDNA. Tropical Medicine and International Health 2, 771–778.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clark, C. ( 1997). Extensive genetic diversity in Blastocystis hominis. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 87, 79–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duda, A., Stenzel, D. and Boreham, P. ( 1998). Detection of Blastocystis sp. in domestic dogs and cats. Veterinary Parasitology 76, 9–17.Google Scholar
Hellard, M., Sinclair, M., Hogg, G. and Fairley, C. ( 2000). Prevalence of enteric pathogens among community based asymptomatic individuals. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 15, 290–293.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ho, L., Armugam, A., Jeyaseelan, K., Yap, E. and Singh, M. ( 2000). Blastocystis elongation factor-1a: genomic organisation, taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Parasitology 121, 135–144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoevers, J., Holman, P., Logan, K., Hommel, M., Ashford, R. and Snowden, K. ( 2000). Restriction-fragment-length polymorphism analysis of small-subunit rRNA genes of Blastocystis hominis isolates from geographically diverse human hosts. Parasitology Research 86, 57–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, W. R. ( 1946). The experimental infection of rats with Entamoeba histolytica. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 40, 130–140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kumar, S., Tamura, K. and Nei, M. ( 2004). MEGA3: Integrated software for Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis and sequence alignment. Briefings in Bioinformatics 5, 150–163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, M. and Stenzel, D. ( 1999). A survey of Blastocystis in domestic chickens. Parasitology Research 85, 109–117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leelayoova, S., Taamasri, P., Rangsin, R., Naaglor, T., Thathaisong, U. and Mungthin, M. ( 2002). In-vitro cultivation: a sensitive method for detecting Blastocystis hominis. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 96, 803–807.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Noel, C., Dufernez, F., Gerbod, D., Edgcomb, V., Delgardo-Viscogliosi, P., Ho, L., Singh, M., Wintjens, R., Sogin, M., Capron, M., Pierce, R., Zenner, L. and Viscogliosi, E. ( 2005). Molecular phylogenies of Blastocystis isolates from different hosts: implications for genetic diversity, identification of species, and zoonosis. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 43, 348–355.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Noel, C., Peyronnet, C., Gerbod, D., Edgcomb, V., Delgado-Viscogliosi, P., Sogin, M., Capron, M., Viscogliosi, E. and Zenner, L. ( 2003). Phylogenetic analysis of Blastocystis isolates from different hosts based on the comparison of the small-subunit rRNA gene sequences. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 126, 119–123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salim, H., Kumar, G., Vellayan, S., Mak, J., Anuar, A., Init, I., Vennila, G., Saminathan, R. and Ramakrishnan, K. ( 1999). Blastocystis in animal handlers. Parasitology Research 85, 1032–1033.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Snowden, K., Logan, K., Blozinski, C., Hoevers, J. and Holman, P. ( 2000). Restriction-fragment-length polymorphism analysis of small-subunit rRNA genes of Blastocystis isolates from animal hosts. Parasitology Research 86, 62–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stenzel, D. and Boreham, P. ( 1996). Blastocystis hominis revisited. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 9, 563–584.Google Scholar
Suresh, K. and Smith, H. ( 2004). Comparison of methods for detecting Blastocystis hominis. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 23, 509–511.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tan, K. ( 2004). Blastocystis in humans and animals: new insights using modern methodologies. Veterinary Parasitology 126, 121–144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Termmathurapoj, S., Leelayoova, S., Aimpun, P., Thathaisong, U., Nimmanon, T., Taamasri, P. and Mungthin, M. ( 2004). The usefulness of the short-term in vitro cultivation for the detection and molecular study of Blastocystis hominis in stool specimens. Parasitology Research 93, 445–447.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thathaisong, U., Worapong, J., Mungthin, M., Tan-Ariya, P., Viputtigul, A., Sudatis, A., Noonai, A. and Leelayoova, S. ( 2003). Blastocystis isolates from a pig and a horse are closely related to Blastocystis hominis. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 41, 967–975.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, J. D., Higgins, D. G. and Gibson, T. J. ( 1994). Clustal w: Improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific-gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Research 22, 4673–4680.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, R. C. A. and Monis, P. T. ( 2004). Variation in Giardia: implications for taxonomy and epidemiology. Advances in Parasitology 58, 70–137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Traub, R. J., Monis, P. T., Robertson, I., Irwin, P., Mencke, N. and Thompson, R. C. A. ( 2004). Epidemiological and molecular evidence supports the zoonotic transmission of Giardia among humans and dogs living in the same community. Parasitology 128, 253–262.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Traub, R. J., Monis, P. T. and Robertson, I. D. ( 2005). Molecular epidemiology: A multidisciplinary approach to understanding parasitic zoonoses. International Journal for Parasitology 35, 1295–1307.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Windsor, J., MacFarlane, L., Hughes-Thapa, G., Jones, S. and Whiteside, T. ( 2002). Incidence of Blastocystis hominis in faecal samples submitted for routine microbiological analysis. British Journal of Biomedical Science 59, 154–157.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yakoob, J., Jafri, W., Jafri, N., Khan, R., Islam, M., Beg, M. and Zaman, V. ( 2004). Irritable bowel syndrome: in search of an etiology: roles of Blastocystis hominis. The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 70, 383–385.Google Scholar
Yoshikawa, H., Abe, N. and Wu, Z. ( 2004 a). PCR-based identification of zoonotic isolates of Blastocystis from mammals and birds. Microbiology 150, 1147–1151.Google Scholar
Yoshikawa, H., Morimoto, K., Wu, Z., Singh, M. and Hashimoto, T. ( 2004 b). Problems in speciation in the genus Blastocystis. Trends in Parasitology 20, 251–255.Google Scholar
Yoshikawa, H., Nagano, I., Wu, Z., Yap, E., Singh, M. and Takahashi, Y. ( 1998). Genomic polymorphism among Blastocystis hominis strains and development of subtype-specific diagnostic primers. Molecular and Cellular Probes 12, 153–159.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yoshikawa, H., Nagano, I., Yap, E., Singh, M. and Takahashi, Y. ( 1996). DNA Polymorphism revealed by arbitrary primers polymerase chain reaction among Blastocystis strains isolated from humans, a chicken, and a reptile. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 43, 127–130.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yoshikawa, H., Wu, Z., Kimata, I., Iseki, M., Ali, I., Hossain, M., Zaman, V., Haque, R. and Takahashi, Y. ( 2004 c). Polymerase chain reaction-based genotype classification among human Blastocystis hominis populations isolated from different countries. Parasitology Research 92, 22–29.Google Scholar
Yoshikawa, H., Wu, Z., Nagano, I. and Takahashi, Y. ( 2003). Molecular comparative studies among Blastocystis isolates obtained from humans and animals. Journal of Parasitology 89, 585–594.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zaman, V. and Khan, K. ( 1994). A comparison of direct microscopy with culture for the diagnosis of Blastocystis hominis. The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 25, 792–793.Google Scholar