Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-hc48f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T00:54:22.652Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Development of West African Strains of Trypanosoma gambiense in Glossina tachinoides under Normal Laboratory Conditions, and at Raised Temperatures

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2009

A. W. Taylor
A. W. Taylor
Affiliation:
Entomologist, Medical Department, Nigeria.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

1. An account is given of the development of strains of Trypanosom gambiense in Glossina tachinoides.

Complete development with infection of salivary glands and hypopharynx occupies from 12 to 40 days and upwards, according to the strain of trypanosome used and the temperature conditions during development.

2. It is shown that the first or intestinal phase of development is passed within the extra-peritrophic space and that the lumen or intra-peritrophic space of the gut is not involved.

3. The importance of the proventricular infection as an index of maturing infections is stressed, and it is shown that filamentar crithidia are always present in this organ in the later stages of infection when infection of salivary glands is taking place. It has been proved that these filamentar crithidia may constitute up to 20 per cent. of flagellates in the proventriculus and are partly responsible for the further migration to the salivary glands.

4. An account is given of the infectivity to G. tachinoides of twenty-six strains of T. gambiense from epidemic and endemic sleeping sickness areas in Northern Nigeria. None of the twenty-six was proved to be non-transmissible and twenty-five of the strains gave Total Infectivity Rates in the tsetse of from 0·9–10·5, the Cyclical Developmental Rates ranging from 0·6–9·8.

5. No evidence has been obtained that strains of T. gambiense from chronic cases of human trypanosomiasis in endemic areas are less transmissible by tsetse than strains originating in epidemic areas.

6. An account is given of experiments in which G. tachinoides infected with T. gambiense were exposed to 37° C. for varying lengths of time. The effect of high temperature during the infecting period is seen in a marked and constant increase in the proportion of tsetse infected. In the case of one strain a total infection rate of 77·8 per cent. was obtained with true cyclical development in 73·5 per cent. of the tsetse used.

7. It is suggested that the temperatures at which experimental tsetse are infected in the laboratory with T. gambiense are excessively low, and an investigation is to be made into the optimum climatic conditions for development of the trypanosome in the fly with a parallel attempt to correlate this with the climatic conditions under which wild tsetse become infected in nature.

Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 24 , Issue 3 , October 1932 , pp. 401 - 418
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1932

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adams, A. R. D. (1931). The action of various sera, in vitro, on the gut and salivary gland forms of T. rhodesiense and T. gambiense from Glossina palpalis. Ann. Trop. Med. and Parasit. 25, 299.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brumpt, E. (1927). Précis de Parasitologie. 4th ed.Paris.Google Scholar
Duke, H. L. (1919). Tsetse flies and trypanosomiasis. Parasitology, 11, 455.Google Scholar
Duke, H. L. (1921). On the zoological status of the polymorphic mammalian trypanosomes of Africa and their relation to man. Parasitology 13, 352.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duke, H. L. (1923 a). An enquiry into an outbreak of human trypanosomiasis in a Glossina morsitans belt to the east of Mwanza, Tanganyika Territory. Proc. Roy. Soc. 94 B, 250.Google Scholar
Duke, H. L. (1923 b). Further enquiries into the zoological status of the polymorphic mammalian trypanosomes of Africa and the means by which they are spread in nature. Parasitology, 15, 258.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duke, H. L. (1928 a). Final Report of the League of Nations International Commission on Human Trypanosomiasis, Geneva, 1928.Google Scholar
Duke, H. L. (1928 b). On the effect on the longevity of G. palpalis of trypanosome infections. Ann. Trop. Med. and Parasit. 22, 25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duke, H. L. (1930). On the occurrence in man of strains of T. gambiense non-transmissible cyclically by G. palpalis. Parasitology, 22, 490.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eraser, A. D. and Duke, H. L. (1912). The development of trypanosomes in Glossina palpalis. Reports Sleeping Sickness Commission Roy. Soc. 12, 38.Google Scholar
Hoare, C. A. (1931 a). Studies on Trypanosoma grayi. III. Life-cycle in the tsetse fly and in the crocodile. Parasitology, 23, 449.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoare, C. A. (1931 b). The peritrophic membrane of Glossina and its bearing upon the life-cycle of Trypanosoma grayi. Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. and Hyg. 25, 57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, W. B.et al. (1928). Annual Med. and San. Report, Nigeria, 1928, App. B, p. 58.Google Scholar
Kinghorn, A., Yorke, W. and Lloyd, Ll. (1913). Final Report of the Luangwa Sleeping Sickness Commission of the British South African Company. Ann. Trop. Med. an Parasit. 7, 183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laveran, A. and Mesnil, F. (1912). Trypanosomes et Trypanosomiases. Paris.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lloyd, Ll. (1930). Some factors influencing the trypanosome infection rate in tsetse flies. Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. and Hyg. 23, 533.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lloyd, Ll. and Johnson, W. B. (1924). The trypanosome infections of tsetse flies in Northern Nigeria and a new method of estimation. Bull. Ent. Res. 14, 265.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robertson, Muriel (1913). Notes on the life-history of Trypanosoma gambiense, with a brief reference to the cycles of T. ranum and T. pecorum in Glossina palpalis. Reports Sleeping Sickness Commission Roy. Soc. 13, 119.Google Scholar
Scott Macfie, J. W. (1914). Ann. Trop. Med. and Parasit. 8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, A. W. (1930). Glossina palpalis and sleeping sickness at Ganawuri, Plateau Province, Northern Nigeria. Bull. Ent. Res. 21, 233.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wallace, J. M. (1931). Micro-organisms in the gut of Glossina palpalis. Ann. Trop. Med. and Parasit. 25, 1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wenyon, (1926). Protozoology. London.Google Scholar
Wigglesworth, V. B. (1929). Digestion in the tsetse-fly. Parasitology, 21, 288.CrossRefGoogle Scholar