Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2plfb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T10:07:20.180Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A Consideration of the Relation of Host-specificity of Helminths and other Metazoan Parasites to the Phenomena of Age Resistance and Acquired Immunity

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2009

J. H. Sandground
J. H. Sandground
Affiliation:
Department of Tropical Medicine, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, Mass., U.S.A.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

1. The relation of host-parasite specificity to age resistance.

Conclusive demonstration of a substantial resistance developing concomitantly with the ageing of the host has been made with reference to four helminths, namely: Ancylostoma duodenale and A. caninum in the dog and Ascaridia lineata and Syngamus trachea in the chicken. A. duodenale in the dog and S. trachea in the chicken are manifestly in abnormal hosts. In contrast with this, it is to be noted that the normal hosts of these parasites, respectively man and the turkey, exhibit no appreciable age resistance. With regard to the remaining two cases, those of Ancylostoma caninum and Ascaridia lineata, the association of age resistance and a specific host-parasite mal-adjustment is not nearly so clear. In nature, both parasites enjoy a polyxenous distribution, neither having acquired the need for strictly specific host conditions for development. As a result of recent researches with A. caninum it has been brought out that the species is comprised of strains better adapted to one species of host than to another, and it has been demonstrated that a higher degree of age resistance is exhibited in the host parasitised with a foreign strain. Although no information on the matter is available, it is quite possible that age resistance will be found to be less markedly expressed in other species or races of suitable hosts, when the bionomics of both Ancylostoma caninum and Ascaridia lineata are further investigated.

Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 21 , Issue 3 , September 1929 , pp. 227 - 255
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1929

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Baylis, H. A. (1924). Some Considerations on the Host Distribution of Parasitic Nematodes. J. Linn. Soc. Zool. (London), 36, 13–23Google Scholar
Baylis, H. A. and Daubney, R. (1922). Report on the parasitic Nematodes in the Collection of the Zoological Survey of India. Mem. Ind. Mus. 7, 263–347Google Scholar
Blacklock, D. B. and Gordon, R. M. (1927). The Experimental Production of Immunity against Metazoan Parasites and an Investigation of its Nature. Ann. Trop. Med. and Parasit. 21, 181–224.Google Scholar
Blacklock, D. B. and Thompson, M. G. (1923). A Study of the Tembu-fly, Cordylobia anthropophaga Grünberg, in Sierra Leone. Ann. Trop. Med. and Parasit. 17, 443–502.Google Scholar
Brumpt, E. (1927). Précis de Parasitologie. 4e ed.Paris: Masson et Cie.Google Scholar
Caldwell, F. C. and Caldwell, E. L. (1926). Are Ascaris lumbricoides and Ascaris suillaidentical? J. Parasit. 13, 141–6.Google Scholar
Cameron, T. W. M. (1927). The helminth Parasites of Animals and human Disease. Proc. Roy. Soc. Med. (Sec. Comp. Med.) 20, 547–56.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chandler, A. C. (1923). Speciation and host relationships of Parasites. Parasitology, 15, 326–39.Google Scholar
Chandler, A. C. (1925). The rate of loss of hookworms in the absence of re-infection. Ind. J. Med. Res. 13, 625–34.Google Scholar
Chandler, A. C. (1925). The species of Strongyloides. Parasitology, 17, 426–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cram, E. B. (1926). Wild carnivores as hosts of the trematode previously found in dogs as the result of salmon poisoning. N. Amer. Veter. 7, 42–3.Google Scholar
Darling, S. T. (1925). Comparative Helminthology as an aid in the solution of ethnological Problems. Amer. J. Trop. Med. 5, 323–36.Google Scholar
Donham, C. R., Simms, B. T. and Miller, F. W. (1926). So-called Salmon Poisoning in Dogs. J. Amer. Vet. Med. Assn. 68, 701.Google Scholar
Ducas, R. (1921). L'immunité dans la Trichinose. M.D. Thesis, Paris: Jouve et Cie. 47 pp.Google Scholar
Fairley, N. H. (1927). The early spontaneous cure of Bilharziosis (S. spindale) in monkeys (Macacus rhesus) and its bearing on species immunity. Ind. J. Med. Res. 14, 685–700.Google Scholar
Fernán-Nuñez, M. (1927). A contribution to Helminthic Therapy. J. Amer. Med. Assn. 88, 903–5.Google Scholar
Fujinami, A. (1916). Immunity to Macroparasitic Diseases; Can it be acquired? Kyoto Igaku Zassi, 22, 176–85. Rev. in China Med. J. 31, 81.Google Scholar
Fujinami, A. (1926). Historical Review of Scientific Investigations on the pathology of Schistosomiasis in Japan and efforts to eradicate the disease. Japan Med. World, 6, 304–8.Google Scholar
Fujinami, A. and Sueyasu, Y. (1917). Ueber die Hautinvasion des S. japonicum und Beitrag zur Kenntnis der natürlichen Immunität der Schistosomenkrankheit. Kyoto Igaku Zassi, 22, 176–85. Rev. in China Med. J. 32, 266–7.Google Scholar
Fülleborn, F. (1924). Bemerkungen über der Idendifikation von “Hakenwürmern”. Arch. f. Schiffs-u. Trop-Hyg. 28, 12–15.Google Scholar
Fülleborn, F. (1926). Über das Verhalten der Hakenwurmlarven bei der Infektion per Os. Arch. f. Schiffs-u. Trop-Hyg. 30, 638–53.Google Scholar
Fülleborn, F. (1927). Über das Verhalten der Larven von Strongyloidea em. im Körper des Wirtes. Arch. f. Schiffs-u. Trop-Hyg. Beih. 2, 31, 56 pp.Google Scholar
FüLleborn, F., Dios, L. R. and Zuccarini, J. A. (1928). Berichte über eine im Auftrage der argentinischen Regierung unternommene Reise nach der Provinz Corrientes und naeh Paraguay zum Studium der Hakenwurmbekämpfung, mit Bemerkungen zur Frage der Immunität gegenüber Hakenwürmern. Arch. f. Schiffs-u. Trop-Hyg. 32, 441–81.Google Scholar
Gedoelst, L. (1916). Notes sur la faune parasitaire du Congo belge. Rev. Zool. Africaine, 5, fasc. 1, 96 pp.Google Scholar
Goodey, T. (1926). On the Ascaris of sheep. J. Helminthol. 4, 1–6.Google Scholar
Goodey, T. (1928). The species of the genus Aphelenchus. J. Helminthol. 6, 121–60.Google Scholar
Hadwen, S. and Fulton, J. S. (1924). On the migration of Hypoderma lineatum from the skin to the gullet. Parasitology, 16, 98–106.Google Scholar
Herrick, C. A. (1926). Studies on the resistance of the chicken to the nematode Ascaridia perspicillum. Amer. J. Hyg. 6, 153–71.Google Scholar
Herrick, C. A. (1928). A quantitative study of infections with Ancylostoma caninum in dogs. Amer. J. Hyg. 8, 125–57.Google Scholar
Johnston, S. J. (1914). Australian Trematodes and Cestodes—A study in Zoo-geography. Med. J. Australia, 1, 243–4.Google Scholar
Joyeux, C. (1920). Cycle évolutif de quelques cestodes. Recherches expérimentales. Suppl. Bull. bil. de France et Belg. Série No. 833.Google Scholar
Joyeux, C. (1925). Hymenolepis nana and H. fraterna. Ann. de Parasitol. 3, 270–80.Google Scholar
Koino, S. (1922). Experimental infections on human body with Ascarids. Japan Med. World, 2, 317–20.Google Scholar
Le Bas, G. Z. L. (1924). Experimental Studies on Dibothriocephahis latus in Man. J. Helminthol. 2, 151–66.Google Scholar
Lewis, E. A. (1928). Observations on the morphology of Syngamus of some wild and domestic birds. J. Helminthol. 6, 99–122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Looss, A. (1911). The Anatomy and Life-history of Agchylostoma duodenale Dub. Rec. Egypt. Govt. Med. School, Cairo, 4, 613 pp.Google Scholar
Ludlow, A. I. (1927). Surgical aspects of Ascaris lumbricoides. China Med. J. 41, 134–40.Google Scholar
Martin, H. M. (1926). Studies on the Ascaris lumbricoides. Univ. Nebraska Agric. Exp. Station, Bull. 37, 78 pp.Google Scholar
Mills, R. G. (1927). Parasites, chiefly metazoan, observed in 7000 specimens of feces from Koreans, with an attempt to interpret the findings. Amer. J. Hyg. 7, 222–62.Google Scholar
Payne, F. K., Ackert, J. E. and Hartmann, E. (1925). The question of the human and pig Ascaris. Amer. J. Hyg. 5, 90–101.Google Scholar
Ransom, B. H. and Foster, W. D. (1920). Observations on the life-history of Ascaris lumbricoides. U.S. Dept. Agric. Bull. No. 817, 47 pp.Google Scholar
Ransom, B. H. (1921). The turkey, an important factor in the spread of Gapeworms. U.S. Dept. Agric. Bull. 939.Google Scholar
Reuling, F. H. (1919). Acquired immunity to an animal parasite. J. Infect. Dis. 24, 337–46.Google Scholar
Roubaud, E. (1914). Etude sur la faune parasitaire de l'Afrique occidentale française. 1e Fasc. Paris.Google Scholar
Saheki, Y. (1925). An experimental study on the development of the Dwarf Tapeworm. An. Trop. Med. and Parasit. 19, 305.Google Scholar
Sandground, J. H. (1925). Speciation and Specificity in the nematode genus Strongyloides. J. Parasit. 12, 59–80.Google Scholar
Sandground, J. H. (1928). Some studies on Susceptibility, Resistance and Acquired Immunity to Infection with Strongyloides stercoralis in dogs and cats. Amer. J. Hyg. 8, 507–38.Google Scholar
Sarles, M. P. (1928). Age resistance to infection with Ancylostoma braziliense in cats. Minutes Helm. Soc. Washington in J. Parasit. 15, 67.Google Scholar
Scott, J. A. (1928). An experimental study of the development of Ancylostoma caninum in normal and abnormal hosts. Amer. J. Hyg. 8, 158–204.Google Scholar
Schwartz, B. (1917). Serum Therapy in Trichinosis. J. Amer. Med. Assn. 69, 884–5.Google Scholar
Schwartz, B. (1925). Occurrence of Ascaris in Cattle in the United States. N. Amer. Veterinarian, 6, 24–30.Google Scholar
Schwartz, B. (1925). Ascaridia lineata, a parasite of chickens in the U.S. J. Agric. Res. Washington, 30, 763–71.Google Scholar
Schwartz, B. (1927). Description of A. pluridentatum, a hookworm of carnivores, and a review of the genus Ancylostoma. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 72, Art. 1, 1–9.Google Scholar
Sergent, E., Parrot, L. and Donatien, A. (1925). On the necessity of having a term to express resistance of carriers of germs to superimposed infection. Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. and Hyg. 18, 383.Google Scholar
Staubli, C. (1909). Trichinosis. Wiesbaden: Bergmann.Google Scholar
Stiles, C. W. (1922). Necator americanus in the dog. Minutes Helm. Soc. Washington in J. Parasit. 8, 95.Google Scholar
Treadgold, C. H. (1920). On a Filiaria (Lao, papionis n.sp.) parasitic in Papio cyanocephalus. Parasitology, 12, 113–35.Google Scholar
Yokogawa, S. (1923). In Trans. Japan. Path. Soc. 13, 1–9.Google Scholar