Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2plfb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T13:53:52.990Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Changes in the protein content of the serum and intestinal mucus of sheep with reference to the histology of the gut and immunological response to Oesophagostomum columbianum infections

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2009

Colin Dobson
Colin Dobson
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Sheep infected with Oesophagostomum columbianum showed anorexia, loss of weight, diarrhoea and macroscopically obvious oedema and inflammation of the alimentary tract. Arthus-like lesions caused by the larvae developed particularly in the large intestine.

The gross immunological responses of the sheep were associated with antibodies in greater titre within the mucus of the gut than in the serum. Acquired immunity was manifest through an antibody-antigen reaction which was localized mostly in the large intestine and which involved proliferation of the lymphoid tissue of the gut and an increased synthesis of protein. Lower titres of antibody in serum than in mucus may indicate leakage of antibody away from the gut. The direct effects of antibody were established by the respiratory inhibition of the 3rd-stage larvae. The presence of antibody was associated with particularly high concentrations of β globulin after first and β and γ globulins after second infection. Specific antibody was demonstrated in these protein fractions by blockage of electrophoretic movement by larval antigen in the buffer.

The antibody-antigen reaction may act as a trigger which releases the nonspecific effects of excess mucus production and oedema which causes mechanical dislodgement of the infection. The natural and specific respiratory inhibitory effects of mucus on the worm would facilitate this dislodgement process.

The greatest cellular reactions occurred where there was an active infection. Usually these reactions were associated with oedema, hyperaemia and an increase in the size of the mesenteric lymph nodes.

Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 57 , Issue 2 , May 1967 , pp. 201 - 219
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1967

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Ackert, J. E. (1942). Natural resistance to helminthic infestations. J. Parasit. 28, 1–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ackert, J. E., Edgar, S. A. & Frick, L. P. (1939). Goblet cells and age resistance of animals to parasitism. Trans. Am. microsc. Soc. 58, 81–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benditt, E. P. & Lagunoff, D. (1964). The mast cell: Its structure and function. Prog. Allergy 8, 195–223.Google Scholar
Campbell, E. A. (1957). The use of paper electrophoresis as an aid to diagnosis. J. comp. Path. 7, 345–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Charleston, W. A. G. (1964). Comparison of blood and bone marrow changes in lambs with haemonchosis and in lambs repeatedly bled. J. comp. Path. 74, 223–40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crowle, A. J. (1961). Immunodiffusion, 333 pp. New York and London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Dacie, S. V. (1958). Practical Haematology, 2nd ed.229 pp. London: J. and A. Churchill.Google Scholar
Desowitz, R. S. (1956). Effect of antibody on the respiration rate of Trypanosoma vivax. Nature, Lond. 177, 132–3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Desowitz, R. S. (1962). The immune response of guinea-pigs to Necator americanus larval antigen: antigenic analysis by agar diffusion and measurement of antibody by the respiration test. Ann. trop. Med. Parasit. 56, 161–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dobson, C. (1965). Serum protein changes associated with Oesophagostomum columbianum infections in sheep. Nature, Lond. 207, 1304–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dobson, C. (1966 a). Immunofluorescent staining of globule leucocytes in the colon of the sheep. Nature, Lond. 211, 875.Google Scholar
Dobson, C. (1966 b). Globule leucocytes, mucin and mucin cells in relation to Oesophagostomum columbianum infections in sheep. Aust. J. Sci. 28, 434.Google Scholar
Douvres, F. W. (1962). The in vitro cultivation of Oesophagostomum radiatum, the nodular worm of cattle. II. The use of this technique to study immune responses of host tissue extracts against the developing nematode. J. Parasit. 48, 852–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eisenbrandt, L. L. & Ackert, J. E. (1941). Effects of duodenal mucus of dogs and swine upon the viability of Ascaridia lineata in vitro. J. Parasit. 27, Suppl. 36. (Abstr.)Google Scholar
Frick, L. P. & Ackert, J. E. (1941). The role of duodenal mucus in age resistance. J. Parasit. 27, Suppl. 36–7. (Abstr.)Google Scholar
Frick, L. P. & Ackert, J. E. (1948). Further studies on duodenal mucus as a factor in age resistance of chickens to parasitism. J. Parasit. 34, 192–201.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gross, R. (1962). The eosinophil. In The Physiology and Pathology of Leucocytes, pp. 1–45. ed. Braunsteiner, H.. New York: Goune and Stratton.Google Scholar
Kabat, E. A. & Mayer, M. M. (1961). Experimental Immunochemistry, 2nd ed.905 pp. Springfield, Illinois: C. Thomas.Google Scholar
Kent, J. R. (1952). The origin, fate, and cytochemistry of the globule leucocyte of sheep. Anat. Rec. 112, 91–116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirkman, H. (1950). A comparative morphological and cytochemical study of globule leucocytes (Schollenleukozyten) of the urinary tract and of possibly related cells. Am. J. Anat. 86, 91–131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kohn, J. (1960). In Chromatographic and Electrophoretic Techniques. 2.Zone Electrophoresis, 215 pp. Ed. Smith, I.. London: W. Heineman.Google Scholar
Loosli, C. G. (1936). Outlines in Histological Methods, 81 pp. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
McMaster, P. D. (1961). Antibody formation. In The cell. 5, part 2, pp. 323–404. Ed. Brachet, J. and Mirsky, A. E.. New York and London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Mahoney, D. F. (1962). Bovine babesiosis: diagnosis of infection by complement fixation test. Aust. vet. J. 38, 48–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mathies, A. W. (1962). Certain aspects of the host-parasite relationship of Aspiculuris tetraptera a mouse pin worm. III. Effect of cortisone. J. Parasit. 48, 244–8.Google Scholar
Mauss, E. A. (1940). The in vitro effect of immune serum upon Trichinella spiralis larvae. Am. J. Hyg. 32, 80–3.Google Scholar
Mulligan, W., Urquart, G. M., Jennings, F. W. & Neilson, J. T. M. (1965). Immunological studies on Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infections in the rat: the ‘self-cure’ phenomenon. Expl Parasit. 16, 341–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Olson, L. J. & Schultz, C. W. (1963). Nematode induced hypersensitive reactions in guinea pigs: onset of eosinophilia and positive Schultz-Dale reactions following graded infections with Toxocara canis. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 113, 440–55.Google Scholar
Otto, G. F. (1940). A serum antibody in dogs actively immunized against the hookworm Ancylostoma caninum. Am. J. Hyg. 31, 23–7.Google Scholar
Ovary, Z. (1964). Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. In Immunological Methods, pp. 259–83. Ed. Ackroyd, J. F.. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Pearse, A. G. E. (1961). Histochemistry theoretical and applied, 2nd ed.998 pp. London: J. and A. Churchill.Google Scholar
Pierce, A. E. (1959). Specific antibodies at mucous surfaces. Vet. Rev. Annot. 5, 17–36.Google Scholar
Schwabe, C. W. (1957). The effect of normal and immune rat serum upon the respiration of free-living and parasitic Nippostrongylus muris. J. infect. Dis. 62, 337–48.Google Scholar
Sommerville, R. I. (1956). The histology of the ovine abomasum and the relation of the globule leucocyte to nematode infestations. Aust. vet. J. 32, 237–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Soulsby, E. J. L. (1962 a). Antigen-antibody reactions in helminth infections. Adv. Immunol. 2, 265–308.Google Scholar
Soulsby, E. J. L. (1962 b). The antigenicity of nematode cuticle. Parasitology 52, 5P.Google Scholar
Soulsby, E. J. L. (1963). The nature and origin of the functional antigens in helminth infections. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 113, 492–509.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sprent, J. F. A. (1946). Immunological phenomena in the cow following experimental infection with Bunostomum phlebotonum. J. comp. Path. 56, 286–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stavitsky, A. B. (1964). Haemagglutination and haemagglutination inhibition reactions with tannic acid—and bis-diazotized-benzidine-protein-conjugated erythrocytes. In Immunological Methods, pp. 361–96. Ed. Ackroyd, J. F.. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Stewart, D. F. (1953). Studies on resistance of sheep to infestation with Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. and on the immunological reactions of sheep exposed to infestation. V. The nature of the ‘self-cure’ phenomenon. Aust. J. agric. Res. 4, 100–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taliaferro, W. H. & Sarles, M. P. (1939). The cellular reactions in the skin, lungs and intestine of normal and immune rats after infection with Nippostrongylus muris. J. infect. Dis. 64, 157–92.Google Scholar
Thorson, R. E. (1954). Effect of immune serum from rats on infective larvae of Nippostrongylus muris. Expl Parasit. 3, 9–15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Veglia, R. (1923). Preliminary notes on the life history of Oesophagostomum columbianum. 9th and 10th Rep. Dir. Vet. Education Res. (S. Africa) 8, 11–23.Google Scholar
Waksman, B. H. (1958). Cell lysis and related phenomena in hypersensitive reactions including immunologic diseases. Prog. Allergy 2, 349–58.Google Scholar
Weinmann, C. J. (1963). Factors in host resistance to the dwarf tapeworm Hymenolepis nana. Proc. 16th Int. Congr. Zool. Washington 1, 135.Google Scholar
Wells, P. D. (1962). Mast cell, eosinophil and histamine levels in Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infected rats. Expl Parasit. 12, 82–101.Google Scholar
Wells, P. D. (1963). Mucin-secreting cells in rats infected with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Expl Parasit. 14, 15–22.Google Scholar