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Bidirectional interactions between host social behaviour and parasites arise through ecological and evolutionary processes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 October 2020

Dana M. Hawley Open the ORCID record for Dana M. Hawley [Opens in a new window] ,
Amanda K. Gibson ,
Andrea K. Townsend ,
Meggan E. Craft  and
Jessica F. Stephenson
Dana M. Hawley*
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24061, USA
Amanda K. Gibson
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA22903, USA
Andrea K. Townsend
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Hamilton College, Clinton, NY13323, USA
Meggan E. Craft
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Population Medicine and Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN55108, USA
Jessica F. Stephenson
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA15260, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Dana M. Hawley, E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

An animal's social behaviour both influences and changes in response to its parasites. Here we consider these bidirectional links between host social behaviours and parasite infection, both those that occur from ecological vs evolutionary processes. First, we review how social behaviours of individuals and groups influence ecological patterns of parasite transmission. We then discuss how parasite infection, in turn, can alter host social interactions by changing the behaviour of both infected and uninfected individuals. Together, these ecological feedbacks between social behaviour and parasite infection can result in important epidemiological consequences. Next, we consider the ways in which host social behaviours evolve in response to parasites, highlighting constraints that arise from the need for hosts to maintain benefits of sociality while minimizing fitness costs of parasites. Finally, we consider how host social behaviours shape the population genetic structure of parasites and the evolution of key parasite traits, such as virulence. Overall, these bidirectional relationships between host social behaviours and parasites are an important yet often underappreciated component of population-level disease dynamics and host–parasite coevolution.

Keywords

Avoidance behaviourbehavioural ecologydisease ecologyepidemiologyevolutionary parasitologyhost–parasite coevolutionparasite transmissionparasite-induced behavioural plasticitysickness behavioursocial behaviour
Type
Review Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 148 , Issue 3 , March 2021 , pp. 274 - 288
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

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