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Advances in vaccine development for human trichuriasis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 March 2021

Jesica Hayon ,
Jill Weatherhead Open the ORCID record for Jill Weatherhead [Opens in a new window] ,
Peter J. Hotez ,
Maria Elena Bottazzi  and
Bin Zhan Open the ORCID record for Bin Zhan [Opens in a new window]
Jesica Hayon
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
Jill Weatherhead
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA Department of Pediatrics, Section of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
Peter J. Hotez
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatrics, Section of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030, USA
Maria Elena Bottazzi
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatrics, Section of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030, USA
Bin Zhan*
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatrics, Section of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Bin Zhan, E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Trichuriasis known as whipworm infection caused by Trichuris trichiura, is a highly prevalent soil-transmitted helminthiasis in low- and middle-income countries located in tropical and subtropical areas and affecting approximately 360 million people. Children typically harbour the largest burden of T. trichiura and they are usually co-infected with other soil-transmitted helminth (STH), including Ascaris lumbricoides and hookworm. The consequences of trichuriasis, such as malnutrition and physical and cognitive growth restriction, lead to a massive health burden in endemic regions. Despite the implementation of mass drug administration of anthelminthic treatment to school-age children, T. trichiura infection remains challenging to control due to the low efficacy of current drugs as well as high rates of post-treatment re-infection. Thus, the development of a vaccine that would induce protective immunity and reduce infection rate or community faecal egg output is essential. Hurdles for human whipworm vaccine development include the lack of suitable vaccine antigen targets and animal models for human T. trichiura infection. Instead, rodent whipworm T. muris infected mouse models serve as a major surrogate for testing immunogenicity and efficacy of vaccine candidates. In this review, we summarize recent advances in animal models for T. trichiura antigen discovery and testing of vaccine candidates, while providing an overall view of the current status of T. trichiura vaccine development.

Keywords

Animal modeltrichuriasisTrichuris sppvaccine
Type
Review Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 148 , Special Issue 14: Lessons from studying roundworm and whipworm in the mouse - common themes and unique features , December 2021 , pp. 1783 - 1794
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Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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