Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T01:06:57.325Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Nutritional Value of Grain Legumes for Ruminants

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 December 2007

R. M. Dixon
Affiliation:
School of Agriculture and Forestry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
B. J. Hosking
Affiliation:
School of Agriculture and Forestry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1992

References

REFERENCES

Addison, K. B., Cameron, D. G. & Blight, G. W. (1984). Highworth lablab grain as a supplement for beef cattle on native pasture. Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production 15, 227230.Google Scholar
Aguilera, J. F., Bustos, M. & Molina, E. (1992). The degradability of legume seed meals in the rumen: effect of heat treatment. Animal Feed Science and Technology 36, 101112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aitchison, E. M., Murray, P. J. & Rowe, J. B. (1986). Improving the nutritive value of round bales of oat straw by treatment with urea or by supplementation with lupins. Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production 16, 123126.Google Scholar
Aitchison, E. M., Rix, G. S. & Rowe, J. B. (1988). The effect of urea treatment of straw and lupin supplementation on intake, liveweight changes and wool growth in sheep. Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production 17, 134137.Google Scholar
Allden, W. G. (1969). The summer nutrition of weaner sheep: the voluntary feed intake, body weight change, and wool production of sheep grazing the mature herbage of sown pasture in relation to the intake of dietary energy under a supplementary feeding regime. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 20, 499512.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allden, W. G. & Geytenbeek, P. E. (1980 a). Evaluation of nine species of grain legumes for grazing sheep. Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production 13, 249252.Google Scholar
Allden, W. G. & Geytenbeek, P. E. (1980 b). Assessment of field bean stubbles and supplements for grazing cattle and sheep. Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production 13, 281284.Google Scholar
Allden, W. G. & Geytenbeek, P. E. (1984). A comparison of the growth of beef cattle and sheep grazing mature grain legume crops. Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production 15, 648.Google Scholar
Arnold, G. W. & Wallace, S. R. (1977). The comparative nutritive value for weaner sheep of stubble and grain of pea, vetch and lupin crops. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 28, 143154.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ashes, J. R., Mangan, J. L. & Sidhu, G. S. (1984). Nutritional availability of amino acids from protein cross-linked to protect against degradation in the rumen. British Journal of Nutrition 52, 239247.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Australian Feeds Information Centre (1987). Australian Feed Composition Tables [Ostrowski-Meissner, H. T., editor]. Sydney: AFIC-CSIRO.Google Scholar
Barratt, M. E. J., Strachan, P. J. & Porter, P. (1979). Immunologically mediated nutritional disturbances associated with soya-protein antigens. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 38, 143150.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barry, T. N., Manley, T. R. & Duncan, S. J. (1986). The role of condensed tannins in the nutritional value of Lotus pedunculatus for sheep. 4. Sites of carbohydrate and protein digestion as influenced by dietary reactive tannin concentration. British Journal of Nutrition 55, 123137.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bartsch, B. D., Twigger, C. F. & Valentine, S. C. (1986). Lupins, beans, peas and barley as alternative grains for dairy cows fed hay. Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production 16, 404.Google Scholar
Batterham, E. S. & Egan, A. R. (1986). Utilization of food legumes as feed. In Food Legume Improvement for Asian Farming Systems, pp. 193200 [Wallis, E. S. and Byth, D. E., editors]. Canberra: ACIAR.Google Scholar
Bell, J. M., Harvey, B. E. & Christison, G. I. (1979). Effects of the addition of enzymes and carboxymethylcellulose to pea flour used for calf milk replacers. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 59, 4350.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bell, J. M., Royan, G. F. & Youngs, C. G. (1974). Digestibility of pea protein concentrate and enzyme-treated pea flour in milk replacers for calves. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 54, 355362.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bhatty, R. S. & Christison, G. I. (1980). Digestibility of pea proteins by pre-ruminant calves. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 60, 925930.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Birk, Y. (1989). Protein protease inhibitors of plant origin and their significance in nutrition. In Recent Advances of Research in Antinutritional Factors in Legume Seeds, pp. 8394. [Huisman, J., van der Poel, T. F. B. and Liener, I. E., editors]. Wageningen: Pudoc.Google Scholar
Buckley, K. E., Devlin, T. J. & Marquardt, R. R. (1983). Factors affecting in vitro rumen digestion of faba bean cultivars (Vicia faba L.). Canadian Journal of Animal Science 63, 8996.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Butler, L. G. (1981). Supplementary feeding of Merino wethers grazing weed-free stubble pastures. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture and Animal Husbandry 21, 272276.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carbon, B. A., Arnold, G. W. & Wallace, S. R. (1972). The contribution of lupin seed to the performance of animals grazing Uniwhite lupins. Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production 9, 281285.Google Scholar
Castrillo, C., Lainez, M., Gasa, J. & Guada, J. A. (1992). The effect of increasing the proportion of barley straw in pelleted concentrate diets given to lambs on rumen outflow rate and degradation of protein supplements. Animal Production 54, 5966.Google Scholar
Cheeke, P. R. (1989). Pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxicity and metabolism in laboratory animals and livestock. In Toxicants of Plant Origin, vol. 1 Alkaloids, pp. 122 [Cheeke, P. R., editor]. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.Google Scholar
Cheva-Isarakul, B. (1991). Pigeon pea as ruminant feed. In Recent Advances in the Nutrition of Herbivores, p. 69 [Zahari, M. W., Tajuddin, Z. A., Abdullah, N. and Wong, H. K., editors]. The Malaysian Society of Animal Production.Google Scholar
Cottle, D. J. (1988). Effects of defaunation of the rumen and supplementation with amino acids on the wool production of housed Saxon Merinos. 1. Lupins and extruded lupins. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 28, 173178.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Curtis, K. M. S. & Mavrantonis, B. (1990). Intake of lupin seed and pasture by sheep fed lupins while grazing dry pasture. Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production 18, 180183.Google Scholar
Davies, R. L. (1986). Preliminary evaluation of narbon beans for pigs. In Grain Legumes for Low Rainfall Areas, pp. 3941. Northfield Research Laboratory, Department of Agriculture of South Australia.Google Scholar
Davis, J. J., Bird, S. H. & Leng, R. A. (1987). Lupins as a supplement for sheep. In Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition in Australia 1987, p. 5A [Farrell, D. J., editor]. Armidale, NSW: University of New England Publishing Unit.Google Scholar
Dixon, R. M., Escobar, A., Montilla, J., Viera, J., Carabaño, J., Mora, M., Risso, J., Parra, R. & Preston, T. R. (1983). Canavalia ensiformis: a legume for the tropics. In Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition in Australia 1983, pp. 129140 [Farrell, D. J. and Vohra, P., editors]. Armidale, NSW: University of New England Publishing Unit.Google Scholar
Domingo, J. A. (1990). Anti-nutritional factors in legume seeds. Master of Agricultural Science thesis, University of Melbourne.Google Scholar
Downing, J. A., Scaramuzzi, R. J. & Joss, J. (1990). Infusion of branched chain amino acids will increase ovulation rate in the ewe. Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production 18, 472.Google Scholar
Edwards, D. G., Duthie, I. F., Rogers, B. M. & Owen, E. (1973). A note on the digestibility by sheep of hulls from the field bean (Vicia faba L.). Animal Production 17, 329332.Google Scholar
Egan, A. R., Frederick, F. & Dixon, R. M. (1987). Improving efficiency of use of supplements by manipulation of management procedures. In Ruminant Feeding Systems Utilizing Fibrous Agricultural Residues–1986, pp. 6981 [Dixon, R. M., editor]. Canberra: IDP.Google Scholar
Erickson, P. S. & Barton, B. A. (1987). Whole soybeans for market lambs. Journal of Animal Science 64, 12491254.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Focant, M., Van Hoecke, A. & Vanbelle, M. (1990). The effects of two heat treatments (steam flaking and extrusion) on the digestion of Pisum sativum in the stomachs of heifers. Animal Feed Science and Technology 28, 303313.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foot, J. Z., McIntyre, J. S. & Heazlewood, P. G. (1983). Supplements for Merino weaner sheep grazing mature pastures in summer and autumn. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture and Animal Husbandry 23, 374382.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fortune, J. A., Hopkinson, W. S. & Mackintosh, J. B. (1980). Formaldehyde treatment of lupin seed. Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production 13, 474.Google Scholar
Fowden, L., Lewis, D. & Tristram, H. (1967). Toxic amino acids: their action as antimetabolites. Advances in Enzymology 29, 89163.Google ScholarPubMed
Freer, M. & Dove, H. (1984). Rumen degradation of protein in sunflower meal, rapeseed meal and lupin seed placed in nylon bags. Animal Feed Science and Technology 11, 87101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garcia, E. S. (1990). Lablab purpureus seed as a supplement for sheep fed roughage diets. Master of Agricultural Science thesis, University of Melbourne.Google Scholar
Godfrey, S. I., Murray, P. J. & Rowe, J. B. (1990). Liveweight gain in Merino wethers fed twice weekly on a barley supplement treated with virginiamycin. Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production 18, 480.Google Scholar
Griffiths, D. W. & Jones, D. I. H. (1977). Cellulase inhibition by tannins in the testa of field beans (Vicia faba). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 28, 983989.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hadsell, D. L. & Sommerfeldt, J. L. (1988). Chickpeas as a protein and energy supplement for high producing dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 71, 762772.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hawthorne, W. A. (1980). Lupin grain as a supplement for grazing or penned steers. Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production 13, 289292.Google Scholar
Hill, G. D. (1977). The composition and nutritive value of lupin seed. Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews B 47, 511529.Google Scholar
Hodge, R. W. & Bogdanovic, B. (1983). Feeding hay supplemented with peas or low protein oats to crossbred lambs born in the spring. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture and Animal Husbandry 23, 1923.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hodge, R. W., Bogdanovic, B. & Sweatman, D. (1981). Wool production of Merino sheep fed daily or twice weekly on oats or lupins. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture and Animal Husbandry 21, 277279.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hodge, R. W., Watson, M. J. & Kat, C. (1984). Fermentation of wheat or lupins in the rumen of sheep. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 64, (Suppl.) 2930.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hosking, B. J. (1987). Evaluation of nutrient intake and digestion in grazing sheep receiving supplements. PhD thesis, University of Adelaide.Google Scholar
Hosking, B. J., James, H. B. & Hynd, P. I. (1985). Oesophageal investigation of whole grain supplement ingestion. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society of Australia 10, 132.Google Scholar
Hough, G. M. (1991). Marketing Potential for Lupins in Dairy Cattle Production; Efficient Utilization of Lupins in Dairy Cattle Production; The Effect of Heat Treatment on the Feeding Value of Lupins. Bunbury, WA; WA Department of Agriculture, for Grain Research Council of Western Australia, Western Australian Cattle Industry Compensation Fund and Grain Legumes Research Council.Google Scholar
Huisman, J., van der Poel, T. F. B. & Liener, I. E. [Editors] (1989). Recent Advances of Research in Anti-nutritional Factors in Legume Seeds: Wageningen: Pudoc.Google Scholar
Hume, I. D. (1974). The proportion of dietary protein escaping degradation in the rumen of sheep fed on various protein concentrates. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 25, 155165.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hume, I. D. (1984). Evolution of herbivores – the rumen in perspective. In Ruminant Physiology – Concepts and Consequences, pp. 1526 [Baker, S. K., Gawthorne, J. M., Mackintosh, J. B. and Purser, D. B., editors]. Nedlands, WA: University of Western Australia.Google Scholar
Hutson, G. D. & Van Mourik, S. C. (1981). Food preferences of sheep. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture and Animal Husbandry 21, 575582.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hynd, P. I. & Allden, W. G. (1986). Lamb growth on grain legume crops and grains. Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production 16, 2931.Google Scholar
Hynd, P. I., Valentine, S. C. & Bartsch, B. D. (1985). Rumen protozoa numbers in dairy cows fed barley or lupins. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society of Australia 10, 147.Google Scholar
Illg, D. J., Sommerfeldt, J. L. & Boe, A. A. (1987). Chickpeas as a substitute for corn and soybean meal in growing heifer diets. Journal of Dairy Science 70, 21812185.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ingalls, J. R. & McKirdy, J. A. (1974). Faba beans as a substitute for soy bean meal or rapeseed meal in rations for lactating cows. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 54, 8789.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ingalls, J. R., McKirdy, J. A. & Sharma, H. R. (1980). Nutritive value of faba beans in the diet of young Holstein calves and lactating dairy cows. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 60, 689698.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ismartoyo, (1989). Lablab purpureus seed as a supplement for goats fed roughage diets. Master of Agricultural Science thesis, University of Melbourne.Google Scholar
Jadhav, S. J., Reddy, N. R. & Desphande, S. C. (1989). Polyphenols. In Handbook of World Food Legumes: Nutritional Chemistry, Processing Technology and Utilization, vol. 1, pp. 145165 [Salunkhe, D. K. and Kadam, S. S., editors]. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.Google Scholar
Jaffé, W. G. (1980). Hemagglutinins (lectins). In Toxic Constituents of Plant Foodstuffs, 2nd edn, pp. 73102 [Liener, I. E., editor]. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
James, L. F., Allison, M. J. & Littledike, E. T. (1975). Production and modification of toxic substances in the rumen. In Digestion and Metabolism in the Ruminant (International Symposium on Ruminant Physiology 4, 1974), pp. 576590 [McDonald, I. W. and Warner, A. C. I., editors]. Armidale, NSW: University of New England Publishing Unit.Google Scholar
Jaques, S., Dixon, R. M. & Holmes, J. H. G. (1992). Narbon beans and field pea supplements for sheep fed pasture hay. Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production 19, 249.Google Scholar
Johnson, R. J. & Eason, P. J. (1990). Effects of dietary inclusion of field peas, lupins, narbon beans and chickpeas on the growth performance of broiler chickens. In Australian Poultry Science Symposium 1990, pp. 9699. Sydney, NSW: University of Sydney.Google Scholar
Jones, R. J. (1985). Leucaena toxicity and ruminal degradation of mimosine. In Plant Toxicology (Australia–U.S.A. Poisonous Plants Symposium, 1984), pp. 111119 [Seawright, A. A., Hegarty, M. P., James, L. F. and Keeler, R. F., editors]. Brisbane, QD: Queensland Poisonous Plants Committee.Google Scholar
Kenney, P. A. (1981). Production by wethers fed oats, wheat and lupins with dry annual pasture in north-eastern Victoria. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture and Animal Husbandry 21, 480484.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kenney, P. A. (1986). Productivity of early-weaned lambs fed high-grain diets of wheat, oats or barley with or without lupin grain. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 26, 279284.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kenney, P. A., Reeve, J. L., Baxter, R. W. & Cumming, I. A. (1980). Effect of different levels of the supplements lupin grain, lucerne, wheat, and wheat with urea and sulphur fed during mating in February to Border Leicester × Merino ewes in north-east Victoria. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture and Animal Husbandry 20, 1519.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kenney, P. A. & Smith, R. S. (1985). Effects of including lupins with cereal grain rations on the production of lambing ewes during drought. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 25, 529535.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lallès, J. P. & Poncet, C. (1990). Changes in ruminal and intestinal digestion during and after weaning in dairy calves fed concentrate diets containing pea or soya bean meal. 1. Digestion of organic matter and nitrogen, Livestock Production Science 24, 129142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lallès, J. P., Toullec, R., Patureau-Mirand, P. & Poncet, C. (1990). Changes in ruminal and intestinal digestion during and after weaning in dairy calves fed concentrate diets containing pea or soya bean meal. 2. Amino acid composition and flow of duodenal and ileal digesta, and blood levels of free amino acids. Livestock Production Science 24, 143159.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lambourne, L. J. & Wood, I. M. (1985). Nutritional quality of grain of Australian cultivars of lablab bean (Lablab purpureus). Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 25, 169177.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lemerle, C., Etheridge, M. O. & Trigg, T. E. (1985). Protein supplementation of dairy cattle on maize silage diets. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society of Australia 10, 158.Google Scholar
Liener, I. E. [Editor] (1980). Toxic Constituents of Plant Foodstuffs, 2nd edn. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Liener, I. E. & Kakade, M. L. (1980). Protease inhibitors. In Toxic Constituents of Plant Foodstuffs, 2nd edn, pp. 771 [Liener, I. E., editor]. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Lindsay, D. R. (1976). The usefulness to the animal producer of research findings in nutrition on reproduction. Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production 11, 217224.Google Scholar
Lindsay, J. R., Purser, D. B. & Hogan, J. P. (1980). Supplementation of a low-quality roughage with lupin or cereal grains. Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production 13, 479.Google Scholar
Lindsay, J. R., Purser, D. B. & Hogan, J. P. (1982). Amino acid supply to the duodenum of sheep fed a low-quality roughage with a high-protein or high-energy supplement. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society of Australia 7, 199.Google Scholar
McMeniman, N. P. & Armstrong, D. G. (1979). The flow of amino acids into the small intestine of cattle when fed heated and unheated beans (Vicia faba). Journal of Agricultural Science 93, 181188.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mangan, J. L. (1988). Nutritional effects of tannins in animal feeds. Nutrition Research Reviews 1, 209231.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
May, P. J. & Barker, D. J. (1984). Milling barley and lupin grain in diets for cattle. Animal Feed Science and Technology 12, 5764.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mbugi, P. K., Ingalls, J. R. & Sharma, H. R. (1989). Evaluation of pea protein concentrate as a source of protein in milk replacers for Holstein calves. Animal Feed Science and Technology 24, 267274.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, E. L. (1980). Protein value of feedstuffs for ruminants. In Vicia faba: Feeding Value, Processing and Viruses (Seminar, 1979), pp. 1730 [Bond, D. A., editor]. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.Google Scholar
Moate, P. J., Rogers, G. L. & Robinson, I. B. (1984). Lupins or oats as supplements for cows fed pasture in early lactation. Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production 15, 721.Google Scholar
Mora, M., Parra, R., Combellas, J. & Horesok, A. (1989). [Rumen function of sheep fed Canavalia ensiformis. 1. Detoxification of canavanine.] Informe Anual, Instituto de Producción Animal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Central de Venezuela 1987, 5556.Google Scholar
Mora, M., Parra, O., Escobar, A. & Parra, R. (1980). [Effect of canavanine on the digestibility of cell wall of buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris)]. Informe Anual, Instituto de Producción Animal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Central de Venezuela 1980, 3031.Google Scholar
Mora, M., Risso, J., Escobar, A., Parra, R. & Parra, O. (1981). [Results of studies on the toxicity of Canavalia ensiformis] Informe Anual, Instituto de Producción Animal, Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad Central de Venezuela 1981, 2425.Google Scholar
Morcombe, P. W. & Ferguson, J. (1990). Lupin, pea and wheat grain as supplements for young Merino sheep grazing wheat stubble. Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production 18, 304307.Google Scholar
Morcombe, P. W., Ralph, I. G. & Ferguson, J. (1988). Frequency of feeding lupin grain supplements to lambing ewes grazing wheat stubble. Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production 17, 262265.Google Scholar
Murray, P. J., Rowe, J. B., Pethick, D. W. & Adams, N. R. (1990). The effect of nutrition on testicular growth in the Merino ram. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 41, 185195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murray, P. J., Rowe, J. B. & Speijers, E. J. (1991). Sulfur supplementation and the use of flavomycin with lupin grain for sheep. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 42, 13231333.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
National Academy of Sciences (1979). Tropical Legumes: Resources for the Future. Washington: National Research Council.Google Scholar
Newton, S. D. & Hill, G. D. (1983). The composition and nutritive value of field beans. Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews B 53, 99115.Google Scholar
Nottle, M. B., Setchell, B. P. & Seamark, R. F. (1987). Protein, amino acids and ovulation rate in the ewe. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society of Australia 12, 88.Google Scholar
Nugent, J. H. A. & Mangan, J. L. (1981). Characteristics of the rumen proteolysis of fraction I (18S) leaf protein from lucerne (Medicago sativa L.). British Journal of Nutrition 46, 3958.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ologhobo, A. D. & Fetuga, B. L. (1983). Investigation on the trypsin inhibitor, haemagglutinin, phytic and tannic acid contents of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Food Chemistry 12, 249254.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ørskov, E. R. & McDonald, I. (1979). The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage. Journal of Agricultural Science 92, 499503.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paduano, D. C., Slocombe, R. F., Holmes, J. H. G. & Dixon, R. M. (1990). Cowpeas and navy beans as supplements for roughage diets for sheep. Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production 18, 536.Google Scholar
Parades, L. & Escobar, A. (1984). [Canavalia pods in rations for lactating cows at pasture.] Informe Anual, Instituto de Producción Animal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Central de Venezuela 1983, 4243.Google Scholar
Paredes, L., Escobar, A. & Fernandez, L. (1987). [Effect of level of supplementation with Canavalia on growth of calves.] Informe Anual, Instituto de Producción Animal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Central de Venezuela 1985–1986, 3435.Google Scholar
Peter, D. W., Buscall, D. J. & Young, P. (1987). Effects of sulphur and/or lupin supplements on the productivity of weaner sheep. In Herbivore Nutrition Research, pp. 203304 [Rose, M., editor]. Australian Society of Animal Production, Occasional Publication.Google Scholar
Phadke, K. & Sohonie, K. (1962). Nutritive value of field bean (Dolichos lablab). 2. Effect of feeding raw, autoclaved and germinated beans on the growth of rats and nitrogen balance studies. Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 21C, 178182.Google Scholar
Pomares, C. C. (1991). Lupin and cowpea supplements for production and reproduction in rams. Master of Agricultural Science thesis, University of Melbourne.Google Scholar
Puztai, A. (1989). Biological effects of dietary lectins. In Recent Advances of Research in Antinutritional Factors in Legume Seeds, pp, 1729. [Huisman, J., van der Poel, T. F. B. and Liener, I. E., editors]. Wageningen: Pudoc.Google Scholar
Reddy, N. R., Sathe, S. K. & Salunkhe, D. K. (1989). Carbohydrates. In Handbook of World Food Legumes: Nutritional Chemistry, Processing Technology and Utilization, vol. 1, pp. 5174 [Salunkhe, D. K. and Kadam, S. S., editors]. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.Google Scholar
Rowe, J. B. (1986). Association between glucose entry rate and ovulation rate in ewes. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society of Australia 11, 91.Google Scholar
Rowe, J. B., Brown, G., Ralph, I. G., Ferguson, J. & Wallace, J. F. (1989). Supplementary feeding of young Merino sheep, grazing wheat stubble, with different amounts of lupin, oat or barley grain. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 29, 2935.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rowe, J. B. & Ferguson, J. (1986). Lupin grain as a supplement to sheep grazing cereal stubble. Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production 16, 343346.Google Scholar
Rowe, J. B. & Hargreave, G. T. (1988). Nutritive value of lupin hulls. Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production 17, 463.Google Scholar
Salunkhe, D. K. & Kadam, S. S. (1989 a). Handbook of World Food Legumes: Nutritional Chemistry, Processing Technology and Utilization, vol. 1. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.Google Scholar
Salunkhe, D. K. & Kadam, S. S. (1989 b). Handbook of World Food Legumes: Nutritional Chemistry, Processing Technology and Utilization, vol. 2. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.Google Scholar
Salunkhe, D. K. & Kadam, S. S. (1989 c). Handbook of World Food Legumes: Nutritional Chemistry, Processing Technology and Utilization, vol. 3. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.Google Scholar
Sharma, H. R. & Nicholson, J. W. G. (1975). Effects of treating faba beans with formaldehyde or volatile fatty acids on the performance of dairy calves and fistulated sheep. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 55, 705713.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shone, D. K. (1961). Toxicity of the jack bean. Rhodesia Agricultural Journal 58, 1820.Google Scholar
Silva, A. G., Huber, J. T., Herdt, T. H., Holland, R., Degregorio, R. M. & Mullaney, T. P. (1986). Morphological alterations of small intestinal epithelium of calves caused by feeding soybean protein. Journal of Dairy Science 69, 13871393.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sissons, J. W., Pedersen, H. E., Duvaux, C., Heppell, L. M. J. & Turvey, A. (1989). Gut dysfunction and diarrhoea in calves fed antigenic soyabean protein. In Recent Advances of Research in Antinutritional Factors in Legume Seeds, pp. 359362 [Huisman, J., van der Poel, T. F. B. and Liener, I. E., editors]. Wageningen: Pudoc.Google Scholar
Smith, G. H. & Warren, B. (1986 a). Supplementation to improve the production of yearling steers grazing poor quality forage. 1. The effects of forage type and a cottonseed meal supplement. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 26, 16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, G. H. & Warren, B. (1986 b). Supplementation to improve the production of yearling steers grazing poor quality forage. 2. The effects of oats, supplementary nitrogen, lupins and cottonseed meal. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 26, 712.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Standing Committee on Agriculture (1990). Feeding Standards for Australian Livestock. Ruminants. Melbourne, Vict.: CSIRO.Google Scholar
Stewart, R. & Oldham, C. M. (1986). Feeding lupins to ewes for four days during the luteal phase can increase ovulation rate. Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production 16, 367370.Google Scholar
Tangtaweewipat, S. & Elliott, R. (1989). Nutritional value of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) meal in poultry diets. Animal Feed Science and Technology 25, 123135.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Teleni, E., King, W. R., Rowe, J. B. & McDowell, G. H. (1989). Lupins and energy-yielding nutrients in ewes. 1. Glucose and acetate biokinetics and metabolic hormones in sheep fed a supplement of lupin grain. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 40, 913924.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Teleni, E., Rowe, J. B. & Croker, K. P. (1984). Increased ovulation rates in ewes given intravenous infusions of energy-yielding substrates. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society of Australia 9, 158.Google Scholar
Teleni, E., Rowe, J. B., King, W. R., Murray, P. J. & Croker, K. P. (1985). The effect of intravenous infusions of either glucose, acetate or glucose and acetate on ovulation rates in ewes. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society of Australia 10, 195.Google Scholar
Thompson, A. N. & Curtis, K. M. S. (1990). The effects of lupin or oat grain supplements on liveweight change, staple strength and position of break for sheep grazing dry annual pastures. Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production 18, 400403.Google Scholar
Troccoli, N., Escobar, A. & Fernandez, L. (1989). [Effect of ethanol on the toxicity of Canavalia ensiformis fed to calves before weaning.] Informe Anual, Instituto de Producción Animal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Central de Venezuela 1987, 4546.Google Scholar
Valentine, S. C. & Bartsch, B. D. (1986). Digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen and energy by dairy cows fed whole or hammermilled lupin grain in oaten hay or oaten pasture based diets. Animal Feed Science and Technology 16, 143149.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Valentine, S. C. & Bartsch, B. D. (1987). Fermentation of hammermilled barley, lupin, pea and faba bean grain in the rumen of dairy cows. Animal Feed Science and Technology 16, 261271.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Valentine, S. C. & Bartsch, B. D. (1989). Milk production by dairy cows fed hammermilled lupin grain, hammermilled oaten grain or whole oaten grain as supplements to pasture. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 29, 309313.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Valentine, S. C. & Bartsch, B. D. (1990). Milk production by dairy cows fed legume grains or barley grain with or without urea as supplements to a cereal hay based diet. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 30, 710.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Valentine, S. C. & Wickes, R. B. (1981). Nutritive value of alkali-treated wheaten straw fed to sheep with supplements of either lupins or barley and urea. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture and Animal Husbandry 21, 183188.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Bruchem, J., Bongers, L. J. G. M., van Walsem, J. D., Onck, W. & van Adrichem, P. W. M. (1985 c). Digestion of proteins of varying degradability in sheep. 3. Apparent and true digestibility in the small intestine and ileal endogenous flow of N and amino acids. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 33, 285295.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Bruchem, J., Rouwers, S. M. G., Bangama, G. A., Lammers-Wienhoven, S. C. W. & van Adrichem, P. W. M. (1985 b). Digestion of proteins of varying degradability in sheep. 2. Amount and composition of the protein entering the small intestine. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 33, 273284.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Bruchem, J., Rouwers, S. M. G., Bangma, G. A., Leffering, C. P. & van Adrichem, P. W. M. (1985 a). Digestion of proteins of varying degradability in sheep. 1. Fermentation in and rate of passage from the reticulo rumen. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 33, 263272.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van der Poel, A. F. B. (1990). Effect of processing on the anti-nutritional factors and protein nutritional value of dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). A review, Animal Feed Science and Technology 29, 179208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vasquez, W., Silva, E. J., Combellas, J. & Escobar, A. (1987). [Evaluation of ground Canavalia grain and fishmeal as protein supplements in rations for weaned calves.] Informe Anual, Instituto de Producción Animal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Central de Venezuela 1985–1986, 3637.Google Scholar
Visitpanich, T., Batterham, E. S. & Norton, B. W. (1985). Nutritional value of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) meals for growing pigs and rats. 1. Energy content and protein quality. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 36, 327335.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waghorn, G. C. & Smith, J. F. (1990). The effect of protein and energy intake on physiological parameters and ovulation rate in ewes. Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production 18, 563.Google Scholar
Watson, M. J., Hodge, R. W. & Kat, C. (1984). Ruminal fermentation of wheat or lupins in sheep. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society of Australia 9, 139.Google Scholar
Williams, P. E. V., Pusztai, A. J., MacDiarmid, A. & Innes, G. M. (1984). The use of kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) as protein supplements in diets for young rapidly growing beef steers. Animal Feed Science and Technology 12, 110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiseman, J. & Cole, D. J. A. (1988). European legumes in diets for non-ruminants. In Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition-1988, pp. 1337 [Haresign, W. and Cole, D. J. A., editors]. London: Butterworths.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wittenberg, K. M. & Ingalls, J. R. (1979). Utilization of faba bean protein concentrate in milk substitute diets by pre-ruminant calves. Journal of Dairy Science 62, 16261631.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woldetsadick, F., Dixon, R. M. & Holmes, J. H. G. (1991). Absorption from the small intestine of sheep fed grain legumes. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society of Australia 16, 210.Google Scholar