Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T23:11:07.412Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Nutrition and Cytokine Action

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 December 2007

R. F. Grimble
R. F. Grimble
Affiliation:
Human Nutrition Department, Southampton University Medical School, Southampton SO9 3TU
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Research Article
Information
Nutrition Research Reviews , Volume 3 , Issue 1 , January 1990 , pp. 193 - 210
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1990

References

REFERENCES

Alexander, J. W., Gance, S. J., Miskell, P. W., Peck, M. D. & Sax, H. (1989). A new model for studying nutrition in peritonitis; the adverse effect of overfeeding. Annals of Surgery 209, 334–340.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Alexander, J. W., Saito, H., Trocki, O. & Ogle, C. K. (1986). The importance of lipid type in the diet after burn injury. Annals of Surgery 204, 1–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Alleyne, G. A. O., Hay, R. W., Picou, D. I., Stanfield, J. P. & Whitehead, R. G. (1977). Protein-Energy Malnutrition. London: Edward Arnold.Google Scholar
Ammann, A. J., Palladino, M. A., Volberding, P., Abrams, D., Martin, N. L. & Conant, M. (1987). Tumour necrosis factor α and β in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related complex. Journal of Clinical Immunology 7, 481–485.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Andus, T., Geiger, T., Hirano, T., Kishimoto, T. & Heinrich, P. C. (1988). Action of recombinant human interleukin 6, interleukin 1β and tumor necrosis factor α on the messenger RNA induction of acute phase proteins. European Journal of Immunology 18, 739–746.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Argilés, J. M., Lopez-Soriano, F. J., Evans, R. D. & Williamson, D. H. (1989 a). Interleukin-1 and lipid metabolism in the rat. Biochemical Journal 259, 673–678.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Argilés, J. M., Lopez-Soriano, F. J., Wiggins, D. & Williamson, D. H. (1989 b). Comparative effects of tumour necrosis factor α (cachectin), interleukin 1β and tumour growth on amino acid metabolism in the rat in vivo. Absorption and tissue uptake of α-amino[1-14C]isobutyrate. Biochemical Journal 261, 357–362.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bagby, G. J., Lang, C. H., Hargrove, D. M., Thompson, J. J., Wilson, L. A. & Spitzer, J. J. (1988). Glucose kinetics in rats infused with endotoxin-induced monokines or tumor necrosis factor. Circulatory Shock 24, 111–121.Google ScholarPubMed
Barber, E. F. & Cousins, R. J. (1988). Interleukin-1 stimulated induction of ceruloplasmin synthesis in normal and copper-deficient rats. Journal of Nutrition 118, 375–381.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bate, C. A. W., Taverne, J. & Playfair, J. H. L. (1988). Malarial parasites induce TNF production by macrophages. Immunology 64, 227–231.Google ScholarPubMed
Beutler, B. & Cerami, A. (1986). Cachectin and tumour necrosis factor as two sides of the same biological coin. Nature 320, 584–588.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beutler, B. & Cerami, A. (1987). Cachectin tumor necrosis factor: a cytokine that mediates injury initiated by invasive parasites. Parasitology Today 3, 345–346.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beutler, B. & Cerami, A. (1988 a). Cachectin (tumor necrosis factor): a macrophage hormone governing cellular metabolism and inflammatory response. Endocrine Reviews 9, 57–66.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beutler, B. & Cerami, A. (1988 b). Cachectin, cachexia, and shock. Annual Review of Medicine 39, 75–83.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bhaskaram, P. & Sivakumar, B. (1986). Interleukin-1 in malnutrition. Archives of Disease in Childhood 61, 182–185.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bibby, D. C. & Grimble, R. F. (1990 a). Dietary fat modifies some metabolic actions of human tumour necrosis factor α in rats. British Journal of Nutrition 63, 653–668.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bibby, D. C. & Grimble, R. F. (1990 b). Tumour necrosis factor α and endotoxin induce less prostaglandin E2 production from hypothalami of rats fed coconut than maize oil. Clinical Science In the press.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bittiner, S. B., Tucker, W. F. G., Cartwright, I. & Bleehen, S. S. (1988). A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial of fish oil in psoriasis. Lancet i, 378–380.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bochner, B. S., Rutledge, B. K. & Schleimer, R. P. (1987). Interleukin 1 production by human lung tissue. II. Inhibition by anti-inflammatory steroids. Journal of Immunology 139, 2302–2307.Google ScholarPubMed
Bremner, I., Morrison, J. N. & Wood, A. M. (1987). Metallothionein levels in blood cells and urine of zinc-deficient and endotoxin-treated rats. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 46, 57A.Google Scholar
Brown, G., Hunt, V., Wan, J. & Grimble, R. F. (1987). The differing responses of zinc and protein metabolism to Escherichia coli endotoxin in rats fed on diets containing maize, coconut and fish oils. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 46, 36A.Google Scholar
Cannon, J. G. & Dinarello, C. A. (1985). Increased plasma interleukin-I activity in women after ovulation. Science 227, 1247–1249.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cannon, J. G. & Kluger, M. J. (1983). Endogenous pyrogen activity in human plasma after exercise. Science 220, 617–619.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Castell, J. V., Andus, T., Kunz, D. & Heinrich, P. C. (1989). Interleukin 6. The major regulator of acute phase protein synthesis in man and rat. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 557, 87–101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cerami, A. & Beutler, B. (1988). The role of cachectin/TNF in endotoxic shock and cachexia. Immunology Today 9, 28–31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cerra, F. B., Alden, P. A., Negro, F., Billion, T., Svingen, B. A., Licari, J., Johnson, B. S. & Holman, R. T. (1988). Sepsis and exogenous lipid modulation. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 12, 635–685.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chapman, P. B., Lester, T. J., Casper, E. S., Gabrilove, J. L., Wong, G. Y., Kempin, S. J., Gold, P. J., Welt, S., Warren, R. S., Starnes, H. F., Sherwin, S. A., Old, I. J. & Oettgen, H. F. (1987). Clinical pharmacology of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor in patients with advanced cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology 5, 1942–1951.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Charters, Y. & Grimble, R. F. (1989). Effect of recombinant human tumour necrosis factor α on protein synthesis in liver, skeletal muscle and skin of rats. Biochemical Journal 258, 493–497.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clark, I. A. (1987). Cell-mediated immunity in protection and pathology of malaria. Parasitology Today 3, 300–305.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cousins, R. J. & Leinart, A. S. (1988). Tissue specific regulation of zinc metabolism and metallothionein genes by interleukin 1. FASEB Journal 2, 2884–2890.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dao, T. K., Bell, R. C., Feng, J., Jameson, D. M. & Lipton, J. M. (1988). C-reactive protein, leukocytes, and fever after central ILI and α-MSH in aged rabbits. American Journal of Physiology 254, R401–R409.Google Scholar
Del Rey, A., Besedovsky, H., Sorkin, E. & Dinarello, C. A. (1987). Interleukin-1 and glucocorticoid hormones integrate an immunoregulatory feedback circuit. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 496, 85–90.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dinarello, C. A. (1984 a). Interleukin-1 and the pathogenesis of the acute-phase response. New England Journal of Medicine 311, 1413–1417.Google ScholarPubMed
Dinarello, C. A. (1984 b). Interleukin-1. Review of Infectious Diseases 6, 51–95.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dinarello, C. A. (1986) Multiple biological properties of recombinant human interleukin 1 (beta). Immunobiology 172, 301–315.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dinarello, C. A. (1987). The biology of interleukin 1 and comparison to tumor necrosis factor. Immunology Letters 16, 227–232.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dinarello, C. A., Bishai, I., Rosenwasser, L. J. & Coceani, F. (1984). The influence of lipoxygenase inhibitors on the in vitro production of human leukocytic pyrogen and lymphocyte activating factor (interleukin 1). International Journal of Immunopharmacology 6, 43–50.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dinarello, C. A., Cannon, J. G. & Wolff, S. M. (1988). New concepts on the pathogenesis of fever. Review of Infectious Diseases 10, 168–189.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dinarello, C. A., Cannon, J. G., Wolff, S. M., Bernheim, H. A., Beutler, B., Cerami, A., Figari, I. S., Palladino, M. A. & O'Connor, J. V. (1986). Tumor necrosis factor (cachectin) is an endogenous pyrogen and induces production of interleukin 1. Journal of Experimental Medicine 163, 1433–1450.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Douglas, R. G. & Shaw, J. H. F. (1989). Metabolic response to sepsis and trauma. British Journal of Surgery 76, 115–122.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Endres, S., Ghorbani, R., Kelley, V. E., Georgilis, K., Lonnemann, G., Van der Meer, J. W. M., Cannon, J. G., Rogers, T. S., Klempner, M. S., Weber, P. C., Schaeffer, E. J., Wolff, S. M. & Dinarello, C. A. (1989). The effect of dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the synthesis and ILI and TNFα by mononuclear cells. New England Journal of Medicine 320, 266–271.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans, R. D. & Williamson, D. H. (1988). Tumour necrosis factor α (cachectin) mimics some of the effects of tumour growth on the disposal of a [14C]lipid load in virgin, lactating and litter-removed rats. Biochemical Journal 256, 1055–1058.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans, R. D., Argilés, J. M. & Williamson, D. H. (1989). Metabolic effects of tumour necrosis factor-α (cachectin) and interleukin 1. Clinical Science 77, 357.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Feingold, K. R., Serio, M. K., Adi, S., Moser, A. H. & Grunfeld, C. (1989). Tumor necrosis factor stimulates hepatic lipid synthesis and secretion. Endocrinology 124, 2336–2342.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fern, E. B., Edirisinghe, J. S. & Targett, G. A. T. (1984). Increased severity of malaria infection in rats fed supplementary amino acids. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine 78, 839–841.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Flores, E. A., Bistrian, B. R., Pomposelli, J. J., Dinarello, C. A., Blackburn, G. L. & Istfan, N. W. (1989). Infusion of tumor necrosis factor/cachectin promotes muscle catabolism in the rat: a synergistic effect with interleukin 1. Journal of Clinical Investigation 83, 1614–1622.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fong, Y., Moldawer, L. L., Marano, M., Wei, H., Barber, A., Manogue, K., Tracey, K. J., Kuo, G., Fischman, D. A., Cerami, A. & Lowry, S. F. (1989). Cachectin/TNF or IL-1α induces cachexia with redistribution of body proteins. American Journal of Physiology 256, R659–R665.Google ScholarPubMed
Fung, K. P., Cheng, C. P., Luey, L. U., Loh, S. C., Choy, Y. M. & Lee, C. Y. (1988). Effect of combined treatment of anti-inflammatory drug and mannoheptulose on the production of tumour necrosis factor and endotoxin shock in mice. Cancer Letters 39, 137–143.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Galvani, D. W. (1988). Cytokines: biological function and clinical use. Journal of the Royal College of Physicians 22, 226–231.Google ScholarPubMed
Grau, G. E., Fajardo, L. F., Piguet, P. F., Allet, B., Lambert, P. H. & Vassalli, P. (1987). Tumor necrosis factor (cachectin) is an essential mediator in murine cerebral malaria. Science 237, 1210–1212.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grimble, R. F. (1989). Cytokines: their relevance to nutrition. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 43, 217–230.Google ScholarPubMed
Gross, R. L. & Newberne, P. M. (1980). Role of nutrition in immunologic function. Physiological Reviews 60, 188–302.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Guerne, A. P., Zuraw, B. L., Vaughan, J. H., Carson, D. A. & Lotz, M. (1989). Synovium as a source of interleukin 6 in vitro. Journal of Clinical Investigation 83, 585–592.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heinrich, P. C., Castell, J. V. & Andus, T. (1990). Interleukin-6 and the acute phase response. Biochemical Journal 265, 621–636.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Helyar, L. & Sherman, A. R. (1987). Iron deficiency and interleukin 1 production by rat leukocytes. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 46, 346–352.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Holtmann, H. & Wallach, D. (1987). Down regulation of the receptors for tumor necrosis factor by interleukin 1 and 4-β-phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate. Journal of Immunology 139, 1161–1167.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Huber, K. L. & Cousins, R. J. (1988). Maternal zinc deprivation and interleukin-1 influence metallothionein gene expression and zinc metabolism of rats. Journal of Nutrition 118, 1570–1576.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hutson, S. M., Stinson-Fisher, C., Shiman, R. & Jefferson, L. S. (1987). Regulation of albumin synthesis by hormones and amino acids in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. American Journal of Physiology 252, E291–E298.Google ScholarPubMed
Hwang, D. (1989). Essential fatty acids and immune response. FASEB Journal 3, 2052–2061.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jackson, A. A., Badaloo, A. V., Forrester, T., Hibbert, J. M. & Persaud, C. (1987). Urinary excretion of 5-oxoproline (pyroglutamic aciduria) as an index of glycine insufficiency in normal man. British Journal of Nutrition 58, 207–214.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jeevanandam, M., Young, D. H., Ramias, L. & Schiller, W. R. (1989). Aminoaciduria of severe trauma. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 49, 814–822.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kauffman, C. A., Jones, P. G. & Kluger, M. J. (1986). Fever and malnutrition: endogenous pyrogen/interleukin-1 in malnourished patients. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 44, 449–452.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Keenan, R. A., Moldawer, L. L., Yang, R. D., Kawamura, I., Blackburn, G. L. & Bistrian, B. R. (1982). An altered response by peripheral leukocytes to synthesize or release leukocyte endogenous mediator in critically ill, protein-malnourished patients. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine 100, 844–857.Google ScholarPubMed
Kimura, K., Taguchi, T., Urushizaki, I., Ohno, R., Abe, O., Furue, H., Hattori, T., Ichihashi, H., Inoguchi, K., Majima, H., Niitani, H., Ota, K., Saito, T., Suga, S., Suzuoki, Y., Wakui, A. & Yamada, K. (1987). Phase I study of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor. Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology 20, 223–229.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Klasing, K. C. & Barnes, D. M. (1988). Decreased amino acid requirements of growing chicks due to immunologic stress. Journal of Nutrition 118, 1158–1164.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kremer, J. M., Jubiz, W., Michalek, A., Rynes, R. I., Bartholomew, L. E., Bigaouette, J., Timchalk, M., Beeler, D. & Lininger, L. (1987). Fish-oil fatty acid supplementation in active rheumatoid arthritis: a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. Annals of Internal Medicine 106, 497–502.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Larrick, J. W. & Kunkel, S. L. (1988). The role of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 1 in the immunoinflammatory response. Pharmaceutical Research 5, 129–139.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Le, J., Weinstein, D., Gubler, U. & Vilček, J. (1987). Induction of membrane-associated interleukin 1 by tumor necrosis factor in human fibroblasts. Journal of Immunology 138, 2137–2142.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Liao, Z. & Rosenstreich, D. L. (1983). An interleukin-1 inhibitor in the urine of febrile patients. Clinical Research 31, 492A.Google Scholar
Liu, M.-S. & Zhang, J.-N. (1985). Glycolytic and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates in dog livers during endotoxic shock. Biochemical Medicine 34, 335–343.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
MacLennan, P. A., Brown, R. A. & Rennie, M. J. (1987). A positive relationship between protein synthetic rate and intracellular glutamine concentration in perfused rat skeletal muscle. FEBS Letters 215, 187–191.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McCarthy, D. O., Kluger, M. J. & Vander, A. J. (1984). The role of fever in appetite suppression after endotoxin administration. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 40, 310–316.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mahida, Y. R., Wu, K. & Jewell, D. P. (1989). Enhanced production of interleukin 1-β by mononuclear cells isolated from mucosa with active ulcerative colitis of Crohn's disease. Gut 30, 835–838.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mészáros, K., Lang, C. H., Bagby, G. J. & Spitzer, J. J. (1987). Contribution of different organs to increased glucose consumption after endotoxin administration. Journal of Biological Chemistry 262, 10965–10970.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Millward, D. J., Jepson, M. M. & Omer, A. (1989). Muscle glutamine concentration and protein turnover in vivo in malnutrition and in endotoxemia. Metabolism 38, Suppl. 1, 6–13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Miossec, P. & Ziff, M. (1986). Immune interferon enhances the production of interleukin 1 by human endothelial cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Journal of Immunology 137, 2848–2852.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moldawer, L. L., Svaninger, G., Gelin, J. & Lundholm, K. G. (1987). Interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor do not regulate protein balance in skeletal muscle. American Journal of Physiology 253, C766–C773.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moran, B., Persaud, C. & Jackson, A. A. (1989). Urinary excretion of 5-oxoproline in severe inflammatory illness. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 48, 75A.Google Scholar
Moriguchi, S., Werner, L. & Watson, R. R. (1985). High dietary vitamin A (retinyl palmitate) and cellular immune functions in mice. Immunology 56, 169–177.Google ScholarPubMed
Mortensen, R. F., Shapiro, J., Lin, B. -F., Douches, S. & Neta, R. (1988). Interaction of recombinant IL-1 and recombinant tumor necrosis factor in the induction of mouse acute phase proteins. Journal of Immunology 140, 2260–2266.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mulhern, S. A. & Koller, L. D. (1988). Severe or marginal copper deficiency results in a graded reduction in immune status in mice. Journal of Nutrition 118, 1041–1047.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Neta, R., Vogel, S. N., Sipe, J. D., Wong, G. G. & Nordan, R. P. (1988). Comparison of in vivo effects of human recombinant IL 1 and human recombinant IL 6 in mice. Lymphokine Research 7, 403–412.Google ScholarPubMed
Neumann, C. G., Lawlor, G. J., Stiehm, E. R., Swendseid, M. E., Newton, C., Herbert, J., Ammann, A. J. & Jacob, M. (1975). Immunologic responses in malnourished children. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 28, 89–104.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Newsholme, E. A., Crabtree, B. & Ardawi, M. S. M. (1985). Glutamine metabolism in lymphocytes: its biochemical, physiological and clinical importance. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Physiology 70, 473–489.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Newsholme, P. & Newsholme, E. A. (1989). Rates of utilization of glucose, glutamine and oleate and formation of end-products by mouse peritoneal macrophages in culture. Biochemical Journal 261, 211–218.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Old, L. J. (1987). Polypeptide mediator network. Nature 326, 330–331.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Omer, A. B., Bates, P. C. & Millward, D. J. (1986). Response of the vitamin-E-deficient rat to severe protein deficiency and the Escherichia coli endotoxin. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 45, 114A.Google Scholar
Omer, A. B., Bates, P. C. & Millward, D. J. (1988). Effect of combined vitamin E and protein deficiency on the hepatic response of the rat to the Escherichia coli endotoxin. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 47, 10A.Google Scholar
Patton, J. S., Peters, P. M., McCabe, J., Crase, D., Hansen, S., Chen, A. B. & Liggit, D. (1987). Development of partial tolerance to the gastrointestinal effects of recombinant tumor necrosis factor-α in rodents. Journal of Clinical Investigation 80, 1587–1596.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peck, M. D., Alexander, J. W., Gonce, S. J. & Miskell, P. W. (1989). Low protein diets improve survival from peritonitis in guinea pigs. Annals of Surgery 209, 448–454.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pfreundschuh, M. G., Steinmetz, H. T., Tuschen, R., Schenk, V., Diehl, V. & Schaadt, M. (1989). Phase I study of intratumoral application of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor. European Journal of Cancer and Clinical Oncology 25, 379–387.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Plata-Salamán, C. R., Oomura, Y. & Kai, Y. (1988). Tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 1β suppression of food intake by direct action in the central nervous system. Brain Research 448, 106–114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ramadori, G., VanDamme, J., Rieder, H. & zum Buschenfelde, Meyer K. H. (1988). Interleukin-6, the third mediator of acute-phase reaction, modulates hepatic protein synthesis in human and mouse. Comparison with ILIβ and TNFα. European Journal of Immunology 18, 1259–1264.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rennie, M. M., Hundal, H. S., Babij, P., MacLennan, P., Taylor, P. M., Watt, P. W., Jepson, M. M. & Millward, D. J. (1986). Characteristics of a glutamine carrier in skeletal muscle have important consequences for nitrogen loss in injury, infection, and chronic disease. Lancet ii, 1008–1012.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Revhaug, A., Michie, H. R., Manson, J. McK., Watters, J. M., Dinarello, C. A., Wolff, S. M. & Wilmore, D. W. (1988). Inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase attenuates the metabolic response to endotoxin in humans. Archives of Surgery 123, 162–170.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rogers, T. S., Halushka, P. V., Wise, W. C. & Cook, J. A. (1989). Arachidonic acid turnover in peritoneal macrophages is altered in endotoxin-tolerant rats. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1001, 169–175.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rola-Pleszczynski, M. & Lemaire, I. (1985). Leukotrienes augment interleukin 1 production by human monocytes. Journal of Immunology 135, 3958–3961.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rosenberg, S. A., Lotze, M. T. & Mule, J. J. (1988). New approaches to the immunotherapy of cancer using interleukin 2. Annals of Internal Medicine 108, 853–864.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rothwell, N. J. (1989). CRF is involved in the pyrogenic and thermogenic effects of interleukin 1β in the rat. American Journal of Physiology 256, E111–115.Google Scholar
Sherry, B. & Cerami, A. (1988). Cachectin/tumor necrosis factor exerts endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine control of inflammatory responses. Journal of Cellular Biology 107, 1269–1277.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spence, T. H., Jenkinson, S. G., Johnson, K. H., Collins, J. F. & Lawrence, R. A. (1986). Effects of bacterial endotoxin in protecting copper-deficient rats from hyperoxia. Journal of Applied Physiology 61, 982–987.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spinas, G. A., Mandrup-Poulsen, T., Mølvig, J., Baek, L., Bendtzen, K., Dinarello, C. A. & Nerup, J. (1986). Low concentrations of interleukin-1 stimulate and high concentrations inhibit insulin release from isolated rat islets of Langerhans. Acta Endocrinologia 113, 551–558.Google ScholarPubMed
Staruch, M. J. & Wood, D. D. (1985). Reduction of serum interleukin-l-like activity after treatment with dexamethasone. Journal of Leukocyte Biology 37, 193–207.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tracey, K. J., Wei, H., Manogue, K. R., Fong, Y., Hesse, D. G., Nguyen, H. T., Kuo, G. C., Beutler, B., Cotran, R. S., Cerami, A. & Lowry, S. F. (1988). Cachectin/tumor necrosis factor induces cachexia, anemia, and inflammation. Journal of Experimental Medicine 167, 1211–1227.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Trocki, O., Heyd, T. J., Waymack, J. P. & Alexander, J. W. (1987). Effects of fish oil on postburn metabolism and immunity. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 11, 521–528.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Uehara, A., Gottschall, P. E., Dahl, R. R. & Arimura, A. (1987). Interleukin-l stimulates ACTH release by an indirect action which requires endogenous corticotropin releasing factor. Endocrinology 121, 1580–1582.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uehara, A., Sekiya, C., Takasugi, Y., Namiki, M. & Arimura, A. (1989). Anorexia induced by interleukin 1: involvement of corticotropin-releasing factor. American Journal of Physiology 257, R613–R617.Google ScholarPubMed
Unglaub, R., Maxeiner, B., Thoma, B., Pfizenmaier, K. & Scheurich, P. (1987). Downregulation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) sensitivity via modulation of TNF binding capacity by protein kinase C activators. Journal of Experimental Medicine 166, 1788–1797.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van der Meer, J. W. M., Endres, S., Lonnemann, G., Cannon, J. G., Ikejima, T., Okusawa, S., Gelfand, J. A. & Dinarello, C. A. (1988). Concentrations of immunoreactive human tumor necrosis factor alpha produced by human mononuclear cells in vitro. Journal of Leukocyte Biology 43, 216–223.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vyas, D. & Chandra, R. K. (1984). Vitamin A and immunocompetence. In Nutrition, Disease Resistance and Immune Function, pp. 325–356 [Watson, R. R., editor]. New York: Marcel Dekker.Google Scholar
Waage, A., Halstensen, A. & Espevik, T. (1987). Association between tumour necrosis factor in serum and fatal outcome in patients with meningococcal disease. Lancet i, 355–357.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wan, J. M. & Grimble, R. F. (1987). Effect of dietary linoleate content on the metabolic response of rats to Escherichia coli endotoxin. Clinical Science 72, 383–385.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wan, J. M., Teo, T. C., Babagon, V. K. & Blackburn, G. L. (1988). Lipids and the development of immune dysfunction and infection. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 12, 435–485.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wannemacher, R. W. (1977). Key role of various individual amino acids in host response to infection. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 30, 1269–1280.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Warner, S. J. C., Auger, K. R. & Libby, P. (1987). Interleukin 1 induces interleukin 1. II. Recombinant human interleukin 1 induces interleukin 1 production by adult human vascular endothelial cells. Journal of Immunology 139, 1911–1917.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Watson, R. R. & Leonard, T. K. (1986). Selenium and vitamins A. E and C: nutrients with cancer prevention properties. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 86, 505–510.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Winyard, P. G., Blake, D. R., Chirico, S., Gutteridge, J. M. C. & Lunec, J. (1987). Mechanism of exacerbation of rheumatoid synovitis by total-dose iron-dextran infusion: in vivo demonstration of iron-promoted oxidant stress. Lancet i, 69–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar