Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jn8rn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-31T23:03:22.691Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Cows' Milk Intolerance

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 December 2007

Anne Ferguson  and
Karen C. Watret
Anne Ferguson
Affiliation:
Gastrointestinal Unit, Western General Hospital and University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh
Karen C. Watret
Affiliation:
Gastrointestinal Unit, Western General Hospital and University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Research Article
Information
Nutrition Research Reviews , Volume 1 , Issue 1 , January 1988 , pp. 1 - 22
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1988

References

REFERENCES

Ahmed, H. F. (1975). Irritable-bowel syndrome with lactose intolerance. Lancet ii, 319.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
American Academy of Allergy and Immunology and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (1984). Adverse reactions to foods. National Institutes of Health Publication no. 84–2442. Bethesda, Maryland: US Department of Health and Human Sciences, Public Health Services.Google Scholar
Antonowicz, I. & Lebenthal, E. (1977). Development pattern of small intestinal enterokinase and disaccharidase activities in the human fetus. Gastroenterology 72, 1299–1303.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Arvanitakis, C., Chen, G.-H., Folscroft, J. & Klotz, A. P. (1977). Lactase deficiency—a comparative study of diagnostic methods. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 30, 1597–1602.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Atherton, D. J. (1983). Breast feeding and atopic eczema. British Medical Journal 287, 775–776.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Atherton, D. J., Sewell, M., Soothill, J. F. & Wells, R. S. (1978). A double-blind controlled crossover trial of an antigen-avoidance diet in atopic eczema. Lancet i, 401–403.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Auricchio, S., Rubino, A., Landolt, M., Semenza, G. & Prader, A. (1963). Isolated intestinal lactase deficiency in the adult. Lancet ii, 324–326.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Axelsson, I., Jakobsson, I., Lindberg, T. & Benediktsson, B. (1986). Bovine β-lactoglobulin in the human milk. Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica 75, 702–707.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barnetson, R. StC. (1980). Hyperimmunoglobulinaemia E in atopic eczema (atopic dermatitis) is associated with ‘food allergy’. Acta Dermatovenereologia (Stockholm) Suppl., 92, 94–96.Google Scholar
Barnetson, R. StC. & Lessof, M. H. (1983). Challenges to medical orthodoxy. In Clinical Reactions to Foods, pp. 15–34 [Lessof, M. H., editor]. Chichester: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Barnetson, R. StC., Merrett, T. G. & Ferguson, A. (1981). Studies on hyperimmunoglobulinaemia E in atopic diseases with particular reference to food allergens. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 46, 54–60.Google ScholarPubMed
Barr, R. G., Levine, M. D. & Watkins, J. B. (1979). Recurrent abdominal pain of childhood due to lactose intolerance. New England Journal of Medicine 300, 1449–1452.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bayless, T. M., Rothfield, B., Massa, C., Wise, L., Paige, D. & Bedine, M. S. (1975). Lactose and milk intolerance: clinical implications. New England Journal of Medicine 292, 1156–1160.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bedine, M. S. & Bayless, T. M. (1973). Intolerance of small amounts of lactose by individuals with low lactase levels. Gastroenterology 65, 735–743.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bleumink, E. & Young, E. (1968). Identification of the atopic allergen in cows' milk. International Archives of Allergy 34, 521–543.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blumenthal, I., Kelleher, J. & Littlewood, J. M. (1981). Recurrent abdominal pain and lactose intolerance in childhood. British Medical Journal 282, 2013–2014.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Burr, M. L. & Merrett, T. G. (1983). Food intolerance: a community survey. British Journal of Nutrition 49, 217–219.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cant, A., Marsden, R. A. & Kilshaw, P. J. (1985). Egg and cows' milk hypersensitivity in exclusively breast fed infants with eczema, and detection of egg protein in breast milk. British Medical Journal 291, 932–935.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chandra, R. K., Pawa, R. R. & Ghai, O. P. (1968). Sugar intolerance in malnourished infants and children. British Medical Journal 4, 611–613.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Commission of the European Communities. (1980). Food-science and techniques. Sensitivity of individuals to food components and food additives. Reports of the Scientific Committee for Food, Ser. 12, EUR 7823. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.Google Scholar
Cucchiara, S., De Ritis, G., Follo, D., Jaccarino, E., Romaniello, G., Latte, F., Staiano, A. & Auricchio, S. (1983). Cow's milk protein intolerance (CMPI): evaluation of clinical, histological, endoscopic and laboratory criteria for postchallenge diagnosis. Italian Journal of Gastroenterology 15, 231–235.Google Scholar
Ferguson, A. (1987). Models of immunologically driven small intestinal damage. In Immunopathology of the Small Intestine, pp. 225–252 [Marsh, M. N., editor]. Chichester: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Ferguson, A., Allan, F. & Al Thamery, D. (1980). Functional maturity of villus enterocytes in states of accelerated cell turnover without villus atrophy. In Cell Proliferation in the Gastrointestinal Tract, pp. 343–349 [Appleton, D., Sunter, J. P. and Watson, A., editors]. Tunbridge Wells: Pitman Medical.Google Scholar
Ferguson, A., Macdonald, D. M. & Brydon, G. W. (1984). Prevalence of lactase deficiency in British adults. Gut 25, 163–167.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ferguson, A. & Maxwell, J. D. (1967). Genetic aetiology of lactose intolerance. Lancet ii, 188–191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferguson, A., Paul, G. & Snodgrass, D. R. (1981). Lactose tolerance in lambs with rotavirus diarrhoea. Gut 22, 114–119.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Firer, M. A., Hosking, C. S. & Hill, D. J. (1981). Effect of antigen load on development of milk antibodies in infants allergic to milk. British Medical Journal 283, 693–696.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Flatz, G. (1984). Gene-dosage effect on intestinal lactase activity demonstrated in vivo. American Journal of Human Genetics 36, 306–310.Google Scholar
Fontaine, J. L. & Navarro, J. (1975). Small intestinal biopsy in cow's milk protein allergy in infancy. Archives of Disease in Childhood 50, 357–362.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fowkes, F. G. R. & Ferguson, A. (1981). Self-diagnosed irritable bowel syndrome and milk intolerance in white and non-white doctors. Scottish Medical Journal 26, 41–44.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Galant, S. P., Franz, M. L., Walker, P., Wells, I. D. & Lundak, R. L. (1977). A potential diagnostic method for food allergy: clinical application and immunogenicity evaluation of an elemental diet. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 30, 512–516.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goldman, A. S., Anderson, D. W., Sellars, W. A., Saperstein, S., Kniker, W. T. & Halpern, S. R. (1963). Milk allergy. 1. Oral challenge with milk and isolated milk proteins in allergic children. Pediatrics 32, 425–443.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Granati, B., Marioni, L. & Rubaltelli, F. F. (1985). Evaluation with guinea pigs of the allergenic capacity of two infant formulae based on hydrolyzed milk proteins. Biology of the Neonate 48, 122–124.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Granato, D. A. & Piguet, P. F. (1986). A mouse monoclonal IgE antibody anti bovine milk β-lactoglobulin allows studies of allergy in the gastrointestinal tract. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 63, 703–710.Google ScholarPubMed
Gudmand-Hoyer, E. (1969). Lactose malabsorption in patients operated upon for peptic ulcer. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 4, 705–711.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harrison, M., Kilby, A., Walker-Smith, J. A., France, N. E. & Wood, C. B. S. (1976). Cows' milk protein intolerance: a possible association with gastroenteritis, lactose intolerance, and IgA deficiency. British Medical Journal i, 1501–1504.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hattevig, G., Kjellman, B. & Bjorksten, B. (1987). Clinical symptoms and IgE responses to common food proteins and inhalants in the first 7 years of life. Clinical Allergy 17, 571–578.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hattevig, G., Kjellman, B., Johansson, S. G. O. & Bjorksten, B. (1984). Clinical symptoms and IgE responses to common food proteins in atopic and healthy children. Clinical Allergy 14, 551–559.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hoj, L., Osterballe, O., Bundgaard, A., Weeke, B. & Weiss, M. (1981). A double-blind controlled trial of elemental diet in severe, perennial asthma. Allergy 36, 257–262.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Iyngkaran, N., Davis, K., Robinson, M. J., Boey, C. G., Sumithran, E., Yadav, M., Lam, S. K. & Puthucheary, S. D. (1979). Cows' milk protein-sensitive enteropathy. Archives of Disease in Childhood 54, 39–43.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jakobsson, I. & Lindberg, T. (1978). Cow's milk as a cause of infantile colic in breast-fed infants. Lancet ii, 437–440.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jarrett, E. E. E. (1977). Activation of IgE regulatory mechanisms by transmucosal absorption of antigen. Lancet ii, 223–225.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jenkins, H. R., Pincott, J. R., Soothill, J. F., Milla, P. J. & Harries, J. T. (1984). Food allergy: the major cause of infantile colitis. Archives of Disease in Childhood 59, 326–329.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kerry, K. R. & Anderson, C. M. (1964). A ward test for sugar in faeces. Lancet i, 981.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kilshaw, P. J., Heppell, L. M. J. & Ford, J. E. (1982). Effects of heat treatment of cows' milk and whey on the nutritional quality and antigenic properties. Archives of Disease in Childhood 57, 842–847.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kolars, J. C., Levitt, M. D., Aouji, M. & Savaiano, D. A. (1984). Yogurt—an autodigesting source of lactose. New England Journal of Medicine 310, 1–3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kuitunen, P., Visakorpi, J. K., Savilahti, E. & Pelkonen, P. (1975). Malabsorption syndrome with cow's milk intolerance. Clinical findings and course in 54 cases. Archives of Disease in Childhood 50, 351–356.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lacroix, B., Kedinger, M., Simon-Assmann, P. & Haffen, K. (1984). Early organogenesis of human small intestine: scanning electron microscopy and brush border enzymology. Gut 25, 925–930.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lebenthal, E. (1975). Cow's milk protein allergy. Pediatric Clinics of North America 22, 827–833.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Levitt, M. D., Lasser, R. B., Schwartz, J. S. & Bond, J. H. (1976). Studies of a flatulent patient. New England Journal of Medicine 295, 260–262.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lund, E. K., Bruce, M. G., Smith, M. W. & Ferguson, A. (1986). Selective effects of graft versus host reaction on disaccharidase expression by mouse jejunal enterocytes. Clinical Science 71, 189–198.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McCalla, R., Savilahti, E., Perkkio, M., Kuitunen, P. & Backman, A. (1980). Morphology of the jejunum in children with eczema due to food allergy. Allergy 35, 563–571.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McLaughlan, P., Anderson, K. J. & Coombs, R. R. A. (1981 a). An oral screening procedure to determine the sensitising capacity of infant feeding formulae. Clinical Allergy 11, 311–318.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McLaughlan, P., Anderson, K. J., Widdowson, E. M. & Coombs, R. R. A. (1981 b). Effect of heat treatment on the anaphylactic sensitising capacity of cows' milk, goats' milk, and various infant formulae fed to guinea pigs. Archives of Disease in Childhood 56, 165–171.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maffei, H. V. L., Metz, G. L. & Jenkins, D. J. A. (1976). Hydrogen breath test: adaptation of a simple technique to infants and children. Lancet i, 1110–1111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manuel, P. D., Walker-Smith, J. A. & Soeparto, P. (1980). Cow's milk sensitive enteropathy in Indonesian infants. Lancet ii, 1365–1366.Google Scholar
May, C. D. (1986). Defined versus ill-defined syndromes associated with food sensitivity. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Suppl. 78, 144–148.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
May, C. D., Remigio, L., Feldman, J., Bock, S. A. & Carr, R. I. (1977). A study of serum antibodies to isolated milk proteins and ovalbumin in infants and children. Clinical Allergy 7, 583–595.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Metcalfe, B. D. (ed.) (1986). Symposium Proceedings on adverse reactions to food and food additives. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 78, Suppl.Google Scholar
Metz, G. L., Jenkins, D. J. A., Peters, T. J., Newman, A. & Blendis, L. M. (1975). Breath hydrogen as a diagnostic method for hypolactasia. Lancet i, 1155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Michael, J. G., Muckerheide, A., Dosa, S. & Pesce, A. J. (1981). Modulation of immune responses by antigenic fragments. In The Immune System, vol. 2, p. 284 [Steinberg, C. M. and Lefkowitz, I., editors]. Basel: Karger.Google Scholar
Milla, P. J. (1984). Milk sensitive colitis in infants. Advanced Medicine 20, 39–47.Google Scholar
Mitchell, J. D., Brand, J. & Halbisch, J. (1977). Weight-gain inhibition by lactose in Australian aboriginal children. A controlled trial of normal and lactose hydrolysed milk. Lancet i, 500–502.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moskovitz, M., Curtis, C. & Gavaler, J. (1987). Does oral enzyme replacement therapy reverse intestinal lactose malabsorption? American Journal of Gastroenterology 82, 632–635.Google ScholarPubMed
Newcomer, A. D. & McGill, D. B. (1983). Irritable bowel syndrome. Role of lactase deficiency. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 58, 339–341.Google ScholarPubMed
Newcomer, A. D., McGill, D. B., Thomas, P. J. & Hofmann, A. F. (1975). Prospective comparison of indirect methods for detecting lactase deficiency. New England Journal of Medicine 293, 1232–1236.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nordstrom, C. & Dahlqvist, A. (1973). Quantitative distribution of some enzymes along the villi and crypts of human small intestine. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 8, 407–416.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pahud, J. J., Monti, J. C. & Jost, R. (1985). Allergenicity of whey protein: its modification by tryptic in vitro hydrolysis of the protein. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 4, 408–413.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Perdue, M. H., Chung, M. & Gall, D. G. (1984). Effect of intestinal anaphylaxis on gut function in the rat. Gastroenterology 86, 391–397.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Perkkio, M. (1980). Immunohistochemical study of intestinal biopsies from children with atopic eczema due to food allergy. Allergy 35, 573–580.Google Scholar
Poulsen, O. M., Hau, J. & Kollerup, J. (1987). Effect of homogenization and pasteurization on the allergenicity of bovine milk analysed by a murine anaphylactic shock model. Clinical Allergy 17, 449–458.Google Scholar
Rey, J., Schmitz, J., Rey, F. & Jos, J. (1971). Cellular differentiation and enzymatic deficits. Lancet ii, 218.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Royal College of Physicians and the British Nutrition Foundation (Joint Report) (1984). Food intolerance and food aversion. Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London 18, 83–123.Google Scholar
Sahi, T., Isokoski, J., Jussila, J., Launiala, K. & Pyorala, K. (1973). Recessive inheritance of adult-type lactose malabsorption. Lancet ii, 823–826.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sahi, T. & Launiala, K. (1977). More evidence for the recessive inheritance of selective adult type lactose malabsorption. Lancet ii, 823–826.Google Scholar
Schwartz, H. R., Nerurkar, L. S., Spies, J. R. & Scanlon, R. T. (1980). Milk hypersensitivity: RAST studies using new antigens generated by pepsin hydrolysis of beta-lactoglobulin. Annals of Allergy 45, 242–245.Google ScholarPubMed
Simoons, F. J., Johnson, J. D. & Kretchmer, N. (1977). Perspective on milk-drinking and malabsorption of lactose. Pediatrics 59, 98–109.Google ScholarPubMed
Soeparto, P., Stobo, E. A. & Walker-Smith, J. A. (1972). Role of chemical examination of the stool in diagnosis of sugar malabsorption in children. Archives of Disease in Childhood 47, 56–61.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spies, J. R. (1971). New antigens in lactose (35546). Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 137, 211–214.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sumithran, E. & Iyngkaran, N. (1977). Is jejunal biopsy really necessary in cow's milk protein intolerance? Lancet ii, 1122–1124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Sickle, G. J., Powell, G. K., McDonald, P. J. & Goldblum, R. M. (1985). Milk- and soy protein-induced enterocolitis: evidence for lymphocyte sensitisation to specific food proteins. Gastroenterology 88, 1915–1921.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Walker-Smith, J. (1975). Cow's milk protein intolerance. Transient food intolerance of infancy. Archives of Disease in Childhood 50, 347–350.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weaver, L. T., Flaker, M. F. & Nelson, R. (1986). Neonatal intestinal lactase activity. Archives of Disease in Childhood 61, 896–899.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wharton, B., Howells, G. & Phillips, I. (1968). Diarrhoea in Kwashiorkor. British Medical Journal 4, 608–613.Google Scholar
Wilson, N. & Silverman, M. (1985). Diagnosis of food sensitivity in childhood asthma. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine Suppl. 5, 11–16.Google Scholar
World Health Organization (1986). Diarrhoeal Diseases Control. Review no. 1. Geneva: WHO.Google Scholar