Hostname: page-component-7b9c58cd5d-9k27k Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-03-14T17:11:12.211Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Anticarcinogenic Factors in Plant Foods: A New Class of Nutrients?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 December 2007

I. T. Johnson ,
G. Williamson  and
S. R. R. Musk
I. T. Johnson*
Affiliation:
Departments of Nutrition, Diet and Health, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA
G. Williamson
Affiliation:
Department of Food Molecular Biochemistry, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA
S. R. R. Musk
Affiliation:
Departments of Nutrition, Diet and Health, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA
*
* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Research Article
Information
Nutrition Research Reviews , Volume 7 , Issue 1 , January 1994 , pp. 175 - 204
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1994

References

REFERENCES

Abate, C., Patel, L., Rauscher, F. J. & Curran, T. (1990). Redox regulation of fos and jun DNA binding activity in vitro. Science 249, 1157–1161.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Adlercreutz, H. (1990). Western diet and Western diseases. Some hormonal and biochemical mechanisms and associations. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 50, Suppl. 201, 3–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adlercreutz, H., Carson, M., Mousavi, Y., Palotie, A., Booms, S., Loukovaara, M., Mäkelä, T., Wähälä, K., Brunow, G. & Hase, T. (1993). Lignans and isoflavanoids of dietary origin and hormone-dependent cancer. In Food and Cancer Prevention: Chemical and Biological Aspects, pp. 348–352 [Waldron, K. W., Johnson, I. T. & Fenwick, G. R., editors]. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry.Google Scholar
Adlercreutz, H., Honjo, H., Higashi, H., Fotsis, T., Hamalainen, E., Hasegawa, T. & Okada, H. (1991). Urinary excretion of lignans and isoflavanoid phytoestrogens in Japanese men and women consuming a traditional Japanese diet. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 54, 1093–1100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alldrick, A. J. & Rowland, I. R. (1988). Caffeine inhibits hepatic-microsomal activation of some dietary genotoxins. Mutagenesis 3, 423–427.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ames, B. N. & Gold, L. S. (1990). Chemical carcinogenesis: too many rodent carcinogens. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 87, 7772–7776.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ames, B. N. & Gold, L. S. (1991). Mitogenesis, mutagenesis and rodent cancer tests. In Origins of Human Cancer: a Comprehensive Review, pp. 125–135 [Brugge, J., Curran, T., Harlow, E. and McCormick, F., editors]. New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.Google Scholar
Aruoma, O. I., Halliwell, B., Aeschbach, R. & Loligers, J. (1992). Antioxidant and pro-oxidant properties of active rosemary constituents-carnosol and carnosic acid. Xenobiotica 22, 257–268.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Aust, S. D., Morehouse, L. A. & Thomas, C. E. (1985). Role of metals in oxygen radical reactions. Journal of Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine 1, 3–25.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Axelson, M., Sjövall, J., Gustafsson, B. E. & Setchell, K. D. R. (1982). Origin of lignans in mammals and identification of a precursor from plants. Nature 298, 659–660.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Babich, H., Borenfreund, E. & Stern, A. (1993). Comparative cytotoxicities of selected minor dietary non-nutrients with chemopreventive properties. Cancer Letters 73, 127–133.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bailey, G. S., Hendricks, J. D., Shelton, D. W., Nixon, J. E. & Pawlowski, N. E. (1987). Enhancement of carcinogenesis by the natural anticarcinogen indole-3-carbinol. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 78, 931–934.Google ScholarPubMed
Baldwin, W. S. & LeBlanc, G. A. (1992). The anti-carcinogenic plant compound indole-3-carbinol differentially modulates P450-mediated steroid hydroxylase activities in mice. Chemico-Biological Interactions 83, 155–169.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bayer, B. M., Kruth, H. S., Vaughan, M. & Beaven, M. A. (1979). Arrest of cultured cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle by indomethacin. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 210, 106–111.Google ScholarPubMed
Bégin, M. E., Ells, G., Das, U. N. & Horrobin, D. F. (1986). Differential killing of human carcinoma cells supplemented with n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 77, 1053–1062.Google ScholarPubMed
Bendich, A. (1989). Carotenoids and the immune response. Journal of Nutrition 119, 112–115.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bendich, A. & Shapiro, S. S. (1986). Effect of β-carotene and canthaxanthin on the immune responses of the rat. Journal of Nutrition 116, 2254–2262.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Berridge, M. J. & Irvine, R. F. (1984). Inositol triphosphate, a novel second messenger in cellular signal transduction. Nature 312, 315–321.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Billings, P. C., Newberne, P. M. & Kennedy, A. R. (1990). Protease inhibitor suppression of colon and anal gland carcinogenesis induced by dimethylhydrazine. Carcinogenesis 11, 1083–1086.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Black, S. D. & Coon, M. J. (1987). P-450 cytochromes: structure and function. Advances in Enzymology 60, 35–87.Google ScholarPubMed
Black, S. M. & Wolf, C. R. (1991). The role of glutathione-dependent enzymes in drug resistance. Pharmacology and Therapeutics 51, 139–154.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Block, G., Patterson, B. & Subar, A. (1992). Fruit, vegetables, and cancer prevention. A review of the epidemiological evidence. Nutrition and Cancer 18, 1–29.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blumberg, P. M. (1988). Protein kinase C as the receptor for the phorbol ester tumor promoters: sixth Rhoads Memorial Award lecture. Cancer Research 48, 1–8.Google ScholarPubMed
Bomford, A. B. & Munro, H. N. (1992). Ferritin gene expression in health and malignancy. Pathobiology 60, 10–18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bowry, V. W., Ingold, K. U. & Stocker, R. (1992). Vitamin E in human low-density lipoprotein-when and how this antioxidant becomes a pro-oxidant. Biochemical Journal 288, 341–344.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bracke, M. E., Castronovo, V., van Cauwenberge, R. M. L., Coopman, P., Vakaet, L., Strojny, P., Foidart, J.-M. & Mareel, M. M. (1987). The anti-invasive flavonoid (+)-catechin binds to laminin and abrogates the effect of laminin on cell morphology and adhesion. Experimental Cell Research 173, 193–205.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bracke, M. E., van Cauwenberge, R. M.-L. & Mareel, M. M. (1984). (+)-Catechin inhibits the invasion of malignant fibrosarcoma cells into chick heart in vitro. Clinical and Experimental Metastasis 2, 161–170.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bracke, M. E., Vyncke, B. M., van Larebeke, N. A., Bruyneel, E. A., De Bruyne, G. K., De Pestel, G. H., De Coster, W. J., Espeel, M. F. & Mareel, M. M. (1989). The flavonoid tangeretin inhibits invasion of MO4 mouse cells into embryonic chick heart in vitro. Clinical and Experimental Metastasis 7, 283–300.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bradfield, C. A. & Bjeldanes, L. F. (1991). Modification of carcinogen metabolism by indolylic autolysis products of Brassica oleraceae. In Nutritional and Toxicological Consequences of Food Processing, pp. 153–163 [Friedman, M., editor]. New York: Plenum Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bradfield, C. A., Chang, Y. & Bjeldanes, L. F. (1985). Effects of commonly consumed vegetables on hepatic xenobiotic metabolising enzymes in the mouse. Food and Chemical Toxicology 23, 899–904.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brady, J. F., Ishizaki, H., Fukuto, J. M., Lin, M. C., Fadel, A., Gapac, J. M. & Yang, C. S. (1991). Inhibition of cytochrome P-450 2E1 by diallyl sulfide and its metabolites. Chemical Research in Toxicology 4, 642–647.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brierley, C. H. & Burchell, B. (1993). Human UDP-glucuronosyl transferases – chemical defence, jaundice and gene therapy. Bioessays 15, 749–754.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brown, J. P. (1988). Hydrolysis of glycosides and esters. In Role of the Gut Flora in Toxicity and Cancer, pp. 109–144 [Rowland, I. R. editor]. London: Academic Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brunda, M. J., Herberman, R. B. & Holden, H. T. (1980). Inhibition of murine natural killer cell activity by prostaglandins. Journal of Immunology 124, 2682–2687.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Buettner, G. R. (1993). The pecking order of free radicals and antioxidants – lipid peroxidation, alpha-tocopherol, and ascorbate. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 300, 535–543.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Casey, P. J., Solski, P. A., Der, C. J. & Buss, J. E. (1989). p21 ras is modified by a farnesyl isoprenoid. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 86, 8323–8327.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Castillo, M. H., Perkins, E., Campbell, J. H., Doerr, R., Hassett, J. M., Kandaswami, C. & Middleton, E. (1989). The effects of the bioflavonoid quercetin on squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck origin. American Journal of Surgery 158, 351–355.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Castillo, T., Koop, D. R., Kamimura, S., Triadafilopoulos, G. & Tsukamoto, H. (1992). Role of cytochrome-P-450 2E1 in ethanol-dependent, carbon tetrachloride-dependent and iron-dependent microsomal lipid peroxidation. Hepatology 16, 992–996.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cheng, S.-J., Ho, C.-T., Lou, H.-Z., Bao, Y.-D., Jian, Y.-Z., Li, M.-H., Gao, Y.-N., Zhu, G.-F., Bai, J.-F., Guo, S.-P. & Li, X.-Q. (1986). A preliminary study on the antimutagenicity of green tea antioxidants. Acta Biologiae Experimentalis Sinica 19, 427–431.Google Scholar
Chow, C. K. (1988). Interrelationships of cellular antioxidant defense systems. In Cellular Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms, vol. 2, pp. 217–237 [Chow, C. K., editor]. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.Google Scholar
Chow, C. K. (1990). Mutagenesis and micronutrients relationship. Food Additives and Contaminants 7, Suppl. 1, S44–S47.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clegg, R. J., Middleton, B., Bell, G. D. & White, D. A. (1982). The mechanism of cyclic monoterpene inhibition of hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase in vivo in the rat. Journal of Biological Chemistry 257, 2294–2299.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clejan, L. A. & Cederbaum, A. I. (1991). Role of iron, hydrogen peroxide and reactive oxygen species in microsomal oxidation of glycerol to formaldehyde. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 285, 83–89.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cole, C. B., Fuller, R., Mallett, A. K. & Rowland, I. R. (1985). The influence of the host on expression of intestinal microbial enzyme activities involved in metabolism of foreign compounds. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 59, 549–553.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Comstock, G. W., Helzlsouer, K. J. & Bush, T. L. (1991). Prediagnostic serum levels of carotenoids and vitamin E as related to subsequent cancer in Washington Country, Maryland. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 53, 260S–264S.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Correa, P. (1981). Epidemiological correlations between diet and cancer frequency. Cancer Research 41, 3685–3690.Google ScholarPubMed
Crabtree, H. G. (1947). Anti-carcinogenesis. British Medical Bulletin 4, 345–348.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crowell, P. L., Chang, R. R., Ren, Z., Elson, C. E. & Gould, M. N. (1991). Selective inhibition of isoprenylation of 21-26 kDa proteins by the anticarcinogen d-limonene and its metabolites. Journal of Biological Chemistry 266, 17679–17685.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dai, Y., Rashbastep, J. & Cederbaum, A. I. (1993). Stable expression of human cytochrome-P4502E1 in HepG2 cells. Characterization of catalytic activities and production of reactive oxygen intermediates. Biochemistry 32, 6928–6937.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Daniel, V. (1993). Glutathione S-transferases. Gene structure and regulation of expression. CRC Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 28, 173–207.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dannenberg, A. J. & Yang, E. K. (1992). Effect of dietary lipids on levels of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase in liver. Biochemical Pharmacology 44, 335–340.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dawson, M. I., Chao, W.-R. & Helmes, C. T. (1987). Inhibition by retinoids of anthralin-induced mouse epidermal ornithine decarboxylase activity and anthralin-promoted skin tumor formation. Cancer Research 47, 6210–6215.Google ScholarPubMed
Dawson, M. I. & Okamura, W. H. (1990). Chemistry and Biology of Synthetic Retinoids. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.Google Scholar
Deisseroth, A. & Dounce, A. L. (1970). Catalase: Physical and chemical properties, mechanism of catalysis, and physiological role. Physiological Reviews 50, 319–375.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
De Long, M. J., Prochaska, H. J. & Talalay, P. (1986). Induction of NAD(P)H: quinone reductase in murine hepatoma cells by phenolic antioxidants, azo dyes, and other chemoprotectors: a model system for the study of anticarcinogens. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 83, 787–791.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Derbel, M., Igarashi, T. & Satoh, T. (1993). Differential induction of glutathione S-transferase subunits by phenobarbital, 3-methylcholanthrene and ethoxyquin in rat liver and kidney. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1158,175–180.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dietrich, D. R., & Swenberg, J. A. (1991). The presence of α2u-globulin is necessary for d-limonene promotion of male rat kidney tumors. Cancer Research 51, 3512–3521.Google ScholarPubMed
Diplock, A. T. (1991). Antioxidant nutrients and disease prevention: an overview. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 53, 189S–193S.Google ScholarPubMed
Doll, R. & Peto, R. (1981). The causes of cancer: quantitative estimates of avoidable risks of cancer in the United States today. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 66, 1191–1308.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Donnelly, J. K. & Robinson, D. S. (1991). Superoxide dismutase. In Oxidative Enzymes in Foods, pp. 49–91 [Robinson, D. S. and Eskin, N. A. M., editors]. London: Elsevier Applied Science.Google Scholar
Dunnick, J. K., Prejean, J. D., Haseman, J., Thompson, R. B., Giles, H. D. & McConnell, E. E. (1982). Carcinogenesis bioassay of allyl isothiocyanate. Fundamental and Applied Toxicology 2, 114–120.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dutton, G. J. (1980). Glucuronidation of Drugs and Other Compounds. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.Google Scholar
Earnest, D. L., Hixson, L. J., Finley, P. R., Blackwell, G. G., Einspahr, J., Emerson, S. S. & Alberts, D. S. (1992). Arachidonic acid cascade inhibitors in chemoprevention of human colon cancer: preliminary studies. In Cancer Chemoprevention, pp. 165–180 [Wattenberg, L., Lipkin, M., Boone, C. W. & Kelloff, G. J., editors]. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.Google ScholarPubMed
Edwards, Y. H., Potter, J. & Hopkinson, D. A. (1980). Human FAD-dependent NAD(P)H diaphorase. Biochemical Journal 187, 429–436.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Elegbede, J. A., Elson, C. E., Tanner, M. A., Qureshi, A. & Gould, M. N. (1986). Regression of rat primary mammary tumors following dietary d-limonene. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 76, 323–325.Google ScholarPubMed
Enomoto, T. & Yamasaki, H. (1985). Rapid inhibition of intercellular communication between BALB/c 3T3 cells by diacylglycerol, a possible endogenous functional analog of phorbol esters. Cancer Research 45, 3706–3710.Google ScholarPubMed
Fenwick, G. R., Heaney, R. K. & Mawson, R. (1989). Glucosinolates. In Toxicants of Plant Origin, vol. 2, Glycosides, pp. 1–41 [Cheeke, P. R., editor]. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.Google Scholar
Fiala, E. S., Bobotas, G., Kulakis, C., Wattenberg, L. W. & Weisburger, J. H. (1977). Effects of disulfiram and related compounds on the metabolism in vivo of the colon carcinogen, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. Biochemical Pharmacology 26, 1763–1768.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forrester, L. M., Henderson, C. J., Glancey, M. J., Back, D. J., Park, B. K., Ball, S. E., Kitteringham, N. R., McLaren, A. W., Miles, J. S., Skett, P. & Wolf, C. R. (1992). Relative expression of cytochrome P450 isoenzymes in human liver and association with the metabolism of drugs and xenobiotics. Biochemical Journal 281, 359–368.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Franklin, M. R. (1991). Drug metabolizing enzyme induction by simple diaryl pyridines; 2-substituted isomers selectively increase only conjugation enzyme activities, 4-substituted isomers also induce cytochrome P450. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 111, 24–32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frenkel, K., Chrzan, K., Ryan, C. A., Wiesner, R. & Troll, W. (1987). Chymotrypsin-specific protease inhibitors decrease hydrogen peroxide formation by activated human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Carcinogenesis 8, 1207–1212.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Friling, R. S., Bergelson, S. & Daniel, V. (1992). Two adjacent AP-1 like binding sites form the electrophile responsive element of the murine glutathione S-transferase Ya subunit gene. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 89, 668–672.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fuhr, U., Klittich, K. & Staib, A. H. (1993). Inhibitory effect of grapefruit juice and its bitter principal, naringenin, on CYP1A2 dependent metabolism of caffeine in man. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 35, 431–436.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fujii-Kuriyama, Y., Imataka, H., Sogawa, K., Yasumoto, K.-I. & Kikuchi, Y. (1992). Regulation of CYP1A1 expression. FASEB Journal 6, 706–710.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fujiki, H., Horiuchi, T., Yamashita, K., Hakii, H., Suganuma, M., Nishino, H., Iwashima, A., Hirata, Y. & Sugimura, T. (1986). Inhibition of tumor promotion by flavonoids. Progress in Clinical and Biological Research 213, 429–440.Google ScholarPubMed
Fujiki, H., Suganuma, M., Yoshizawa, S., Yatsunami, J., Nishikawa, S., Furuya, H., Okabe, S., Nishiwaki-Matsushima, R., Matsunaga, S., Muto, Y., Okuda, T. & Sugimura, T. (1992). Sarcophytol A and (-)epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), nontoxic inhibitors of cancer development. In Cancer Chemoprevention, pp. 393–405 [Wattenberg, L., Lipkin, M., Boone, C. W. & Kelloff, G. J., editors]. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.Google Scholar
Gadelle, D., Raibaud, P. & Sacquet, E. (1985). β-Glucuronidase activities of intestinal bacteria determined both in vitro and in vivo in gnotobiotic rats. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 49, 682–685.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gandhi, R. K. & Khanduja, K. L. (1992). Action of caffeine in altering the carcinogen-activating and carcinogen-detoxifying enzymes in mice. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition 12, 19–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garte, S. J., Currie, D. D. & Troll, W. (1987). Inhibition of H-ras oncogene transformation of NIH 3T3 cells by protease inhibitors. Cancer Research 47, 3159–3162.Google Scholar
Godar, D. E., Thomas, D. P., Miller, S. A. & Lee, W. (1993). Long-wavelength UVA radiation induces oxidative stress, cytoskeletal damage and hemolysis. Photochemistry and Photobiology 57, 1018–1026.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gonzalez, F. J., Liu, S. Y. & Yano, M. (1993). Regulation of cytochrome-P450 genes—molecular mechanisms. Pharmacogenetics 3, 51–57.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goodlad, R. A., Madgwick, A. J., Moffatt, M. R., Levin, S., Allen, J. L. & Wright, N. A. (1989). Prostaglandins and the gastric epithelium: effects of misoprostol on gastric epithelial cell proliferation in the dog. Gut 30, 316–321.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goodwin, J. S. (1984). Immunologic effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. American Journal of Medicine 77 (4B), 7–15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Griepentrog, F. (1973). [Pathological-anatomical results on the effect of coumarin in animal experiments.] Toxicology 1, 93–102.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Groden, J., Nakamura, Y. & German, J. (1990). Molecular evidence that homologous recombination occurs in proliferating human somatic cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 87, 4315–4319.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grubbs, C. J., Eto, I., Juliana, M. M. & Whitaker, L. M. (1991). Effect of canthaxanthin on chemically induced mammary carcinogenesis. Oncology 48, 239–245.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Guengerich, F. P. (1992 a). Metabolic activation of carcinogens. Pharmacology & Therapeutics 54, 17–61.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Guengerich, F. P. (1992 b). Human cytochrome-P-450 enzymes. Life Sciences 50, 1471–1478.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Guo, Z., Smith, T. J., Wang, E., Eklind, K. I., Chung, F. L. & Yang, C. S. (1993). Structure-activity relationships of arylalkyl isothiocyanates for the inhibition of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone metabolism and the modulation of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in rats and mice. Carcinogenesis 14, 1167–1173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halliwell, B. (1990). How to characterize a biological antioxidant. Free Radical Research Communications 9, 1–32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hial, V., De Mello, M. C. F., Horakova, Z. & Beaven, M. A. (1977). Antiproliferative activity of anti-inflammatory drugs in two mammalian cell culture lines. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 202, 446–454.Google ScholarPubMed
Hirose, K., Longo, D. L., Oppenheim, J. J. & Matsushima, K. (1993). Overexpression of mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase promotes the survival of tumor cells exposed to interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor, selected anticancer drugs, and ionizing radiation. FASEB Journal 7, 361–368.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hochstein, P., Atallah, A. S. & Ernster, L. (1988). DT diaphorase and the toxicity of quinones: status and perspectives. In Cellular Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms, vol. 2, pp. 123–131 [Chow, C. K., editor]. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.Google Scholar
Horie, T., Awazu, S., Itakura, Y. & Fuwa, T. (1992). Identified diallyl polysulfides from an aged garlic extract which protects the membranes from lipid peroxidation. Planta Medica 58, 468–469.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hossain, M. Z., Wilkens, L. R., Mehta, P. P., Loewenstein, W. & Bertram, J. S. (1989). Enhancement of gap junctional communication by retinoids correlates with their ability to inhibit neoplastic transformation. Carcinogenesis 10, 1743–1748.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Howie, A. F., Forrester, L. M., Glancey, M. J., Schlager, J. J., Powis, G., Beckett, G. J., Hayes, J. D. & Wolf, C. R. (1990). Glutathione S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase expression in normal and tumour human tissues. Carcinogenesis 11, 451–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hsu, C.-J., Kirkman, B. R. & Fishman, J. (1991). Differential expression of oncogenes c-fos, c-myc and neu/Her 2 induced by estradiol and 16α-hydroxyestrone in human cancer cell line. Seventh Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society Abstract586.Google Scholar
Huang, D. S., Odeleye, O. E. & Watson, R. R. (1992). Inhibitory effects of canthaxanthin on in vitro growth of murine tumor cells. Cancer Letters 65, 209–213.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Huang, M.-T., Lysz, T., Ferraro, T., Abidi, T. F., Laskin, J. D. & Conney, A. H. (1991). Inhibitory effects of curcumin on in vitro lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase activities in mouse epidermis. Cancer Research 51, 813–819.Google ScholarPubMed
Huang, M.-T., Smart, R. C., Wong, C.-Q. & Conney, A. H. (1988). Inhibitory effect of curcumin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and ferulic acid on tumor promotion in mouse skin by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. Cancer Research 48, 5941–5946.Google ScholarPubMed
Imanishi, H., Sasaki, Y. F., Matsumoto, K., Watanabe, M., Ohta, T., Shirasu, Y. & Tutikawa, K. (1990). Suppression of 6-TG-resistant mutations in V79 cells and recessive spot formations in mice by vanillin. Mutation Research 243, 151–158.Google ScholarPubMed
Imanishi, H., Sasaki, Y. F., Ohta, T., Watanabe, M., Kato, T. & Shirasu, Y. (1991). Tea tannin components modify the induction of sister-chromatid exchanges and chromosome aberrations in mutagen-treated cultured mammalian cells and mice. Mutation Research 259, 79–87.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Inouye, T., Sasaki, Y. F., Imanishi, H., Watanabe, M., Ohta, T. & Shirasu, Y. (1988). Suppression of mitomycin C-induced micronuclei in mouse bone marrow cells by post-treatment with vanillin. Mutation Research 202, 93–95.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ishidate, M., Harnois, M. C. & Sofuni, T. (1988). A comparative analysis of data on the clastogenicity of 951 chemical substances tested in mammalian cell cultures. Mutation Research 195, 151–213.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ishikawa, T. (1992). The ATP-dependent glutathione S-conjugate export pump. Trends in Biochemical Sciences 17, 463–468.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Iwata, N., Minegishi, K., Suzuki, K., Ohno, Y., Igarashi, T., Satoh, T. & Takahashi, A. (1993). An unusual profile of musk xylene-induced drug-metabolizing enzymes in rat liver. Biochemical Pharmacology 45, 1659–1665.Google ScholarPubMed
Jansson, T. & Zech, L. (1987). Effects of vanillin on sister-chromatid exchanges and chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes. Mutation Research 190, 221–224.Google ScholarPubMed
Jellinck, P. H., Forkert, P. G., Riddick, D. S., Okey, A. B., Michnovicz, J. J. & Bradlow, H. L. (1993). Ah receptor binding properties of indole carbinols and induction of hepatic estradiol hydroxylation. Biochemical Pharmacology 45, 1129–1136.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jyonouchi, H., Hill, R. J., Tomita, Y. & Good, R. A. (1991). Studies of immunomodulating actions of carotenoids. I. Effects of β-carotene and astaxanthin on murine lymphocyte functions and cell surface marker expression in in vitro culture system. Nutrition and Cancer 16, 93–105.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jyonouchi, H., Zhang, L. & Tomita, Y. (1993). Studies of immunomodulating actions of carotenoids. II. Astaxanthin enhances in vitro antibody production to T-dependent antigens without facilitating polyclonal B-cell activation. Nutrition and Cancer 19, 269–280.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kasamaki, A., Takahashi, H., Tsumura, N., Niwa, J., Fujita, T. & Urasawa, S. (1982). Genotoxicity of flavoring agents. Mutation Research 105, 387–392.Google ScholarPubMed
Kasamaki, A., Yasuhara, T. & Urasawa, S. (1987). Neoplastic transformation of Chinese hamster cells in vitro after treatment with flavoring agents. Journal of Toxicological Sciences 12, 383–396.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kato, K., Cox, A. D., Hisaka, M. M., Graham, S. M., Buss, J. E. & Der, C. J. (1992). Isoprenoid addition to Ras protein is the critical modification for its membrane association and transforming activity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 89, 6403–6407.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kato, R., Nakadate, T., Yamamoto, S. & Sugimura, T. (1983). Inhibition of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced tumor promotion and ornithine decarboxylase activity by quercetin: possible involvement of lipoxygenase inhibition. Carcinogenesis 4, 1301–1305.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kennedy, A. R. & Little, J. B. (1981). Effects of protease inhibitors on radiation transformation in vitro. Cancer Research 41, 2103–2108.Google ScholarPubMed
Kilgore, K. S. & Lucchesi, B. R. (1993). Reperfusion injury after myocardial infarction: the role of free radicals and the inflammatory response. Clinical Biochemistry 26, 359–370.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Klone, A., Hussnatter, R. & Sies, H. (1992). Cloning, sequencing and characterization of the human alpha-glutathione S-transferase gene corresponding to the cDNA clone pGTH2. Biochemical Journal 285, 925–928.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kore, A. M., Jeffery, E. H. & Wallig, M. A. (1993). Effects of 1-isothiocyanato-3-(methylsulfinyl)-propane on xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology 31, 723–729.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Korp´ssy, B. & Mosonyi, M. (1950). The carcinogenic activity of tannic acid. Liver tumours induced in rats by prolonged subcutaneous administration of tannic acid solutions. British Journal of Cancer 4, 411–420.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krinsky, N. I. (1993). Actions of carotenoids in biological systems. Annual Review of Nutrition 13, 561–587.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ladenstein, R. (1984). Molecular enzymology of seleno-glutathione peroxidase. Peptide and Protein Reviews 4, 173–214.Google Scholar
Landers, J. P. & Bunce, N. J. (1991). The Ah receptor and the mechanism of dioxin toxicity. Biochemical Journal 276, 273–287.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Larocca, L. M., Teofili, L., Leone, G., Sica, S., Pierelli, L., Menichella, G., Scambia, G., Benedetti Panici, P., Ricci, R., Piantelli, M. & Ranelletti, F. O. (1991). Antiproliferative activity of quercetin on normal bone marrow and leukaemic progenitors. British Journal of Haematology 79, 562–566.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lee, H. P., Gourley, L., Duffy, S. W., Estève, J., Lee, J. & Day, N. E. (1991). Dietary effects on breast-cancer risk in Singapore. Lancet 337, 1197–1200.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lee, R. B. (1967). What Hunters Do for a Living: A Comparative Study in Man the Hunter, p. 41 [Lee, R. B. and Vore, D., editors]. Chicago: Aldine.Google Scholar
Levine, L., Hinkle, P. M., Voelkel, E. F. & Tashjian, A. H. (1972). Prostaglandin production by mouse fibrosarcoma cells in culture: inhibition by indomethacin and aspirin. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 47, 888–896.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Li, Y. & Jaiswal, A. K. (1992). Regulation of human NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase gene—role of AP1 binding site contained within human antioxidant response element. Journal of Biological Chemistry 267, 15097–15104.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lind, C., Hochstein, P. & Ernster, L. (1982). DT-diaphorase as a quinone reductase: a cellular control device against semiquinone and superoxide radical formation. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 216, 178–185.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Liu, J. & Mori, A. (1993). Antioxidant and pro-oxidant activities of p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol and vanillin: effects on free radicals, brain peroxidation and degradation of benzoate, deoxyribose, amino acids and DNA. Neuropharmacology 32, 659–669.Google ScholarPubMed
Lotan, R. (1980). Effects of vitamin A and its analogs (retinoids) on normal and neoplastic cells. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 605, 33–91.Google ScholarPubMed
Lotan, R. (1992 a). Evaluation of the results of clinical trials with retinoids in relation to their basic mechanism of action. In Cancer Chemoprevention, pp. 71–82 [Wattenberg, L., Lipkin, M., Boone, C. W. & Kelloff, G. J., editors]. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.Google Scholar
Lotan, R. (1992 b). Cell invasion as a target for chemoprevention. In Cellular and Molecular Targets for Chemoprevention, pp. 339–350 [Steele, V. E., Stoner, G. D., Boone, C. W. & Kelloff, G. J., editors]. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.Google Scholar
Lucas, D., Menez, J. F., Berthou, F., Cauvin, J. M. & Deitrich, R. A. (1992). Differences in hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 isoenzyme induction by pyrazole, chronic ethanol, 3-methylcholanthrene, and phenobarbital in high alcohol sensitivity (HAS) and low alcohol sensitivity (LAS) rats. Alcoholism—Clinical and Experimental Research 16, 916–921.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luk, G. D. (1992). Clinical and biologic studies of DFMO in the colon. In Cancer Chemoprevention, pp. 515–530 [Wattenberg, L., Lipkin, M., Boone, C. W. & Kelloff, G. J., editors]. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.Google Scholar
McCann, P. P., Bitonti, A. J. & Pegg, A. E. (1992). Inhibition of polyamine metabolism and the consequent effects on cell proliferation. In Cancer Chemeoprevention, pp. 531–539 [Wattenberg, L., Lipkin, M., Boone, C. W. & Kelloff, G. J., editors]. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.Google Scholar
McManus, M. E. & McKinnon, R. A. (1991). Measurement of cytochrome P450 activation of xenobiotics using the Ames Salmonella test. Methods in Enzymology 206, 501–509.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maeda, S. & Nakagawa, M. (1977). General chemical and physical analyses on various kinds of green tea. Chagyo Kenkyu Hokoku 45, 85–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maiorino, M., Zamburlini, A., Roveri, A. & Ursini, F. (1993). Prooxidant role of vitamin-E in copper induced lipid peroxidation. FEBS Letters 330, 174–176.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mallett, A. K., Bearne, C. A., Lake, B. G. & Rowland, I. R. (1989). Modified mutagen activation in hepatic fractions from rats fed dietary rutin. Interaction between gut flora and host metabolism. Food and Chemical Toxicology 27, 607–611.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mallett, A. K. & Rowland, I. R. (1990). Bacterial enzymes: their role in the formation of mutagens and carcinogens in the intestine. Digestive Diseases 8, 71–79.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mamont, P. S., Böhlen, P., McCann, P. P., Bey, P., Schuber, F. & Tardif, C. (1976). α-Methyl ornithine, a potent competitive inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, blocks proliferation of rat hepatoma cells in culture. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 73, 1626–1630.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mannervik, B. (1985). The isoenzymes of glutathione transferase. Advances in Enzymology 57, 357–417.Google ScholarPubMed
Mannervik, B., Alin, P., Guthenberg, C., Jensson, H. & Warholm, M. (1985). Glutathione transferases and the detoxification of products of oxidative metabolism. In Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Microsomes and Drug Oxidations, pp. 221–228 [Boobis, A. R., Caldwell, J., De Mattheis, F. & Elcombe, C. R., editors]. London: Taylor & Francis.Google Scholar
Manervik, B. & Danielson, U. H. (1988). Glutathione S-transferases-structure and catalytic activity. CRC Critical Reviews in Biochemistry 23, 283–337.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Markaverich, B. M., Roberts, R. R., Alejandro, M. A., Johnson, G. A., Middleditch, B. S. & Clark, J. H. (1988). Bioflavonoid interaction with rat uterine type II binding sites and cell growth inhibition. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry 30, 71–78.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maruta, A., Enaka, K. & Umeda, M. (1979). Mutagenicity of quercetin and kaempferol on cultured mammalian cells. GANN 70, 273–276.Google ScholarPubMed
Mathews-Roth, M. M. (1982). Antitumor activity of β-carotene, canthaxanthin and phytoene. Oncology 39, 33–37.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meister, A. (1991). Glutathione deficiency produced by inhibition of its synthesis, and its reversal; applications in research and therapy. Pharmacology and Therapeutics 51, 155–194.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Michnovicz, J. J. & Bradlow, H. L. (1990). Induction of estradiol metabolism by dietary indole-3-carbinol in humans. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 82, 947–949.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Michnovicz, J. J. & Bradlow, H. L. (1991). Altered estrogen metabolism and excretion in humans following consumption of indole-3-carbinol. Nutrition and Cancer 16, 59–66.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Miners, J. O. & Mackenzie, P. I. (1991). Drug glucuronidation in humans. Pharmacology and Therapeutics 51, 347–369.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Minotti, G., Di Gennaro, M., D'Ugo, D. & Granone, P. (1991). Possible sources of iron for lipid peroxidation. Free Radical Research Communications 12–13, 99–106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moncada, S., Flower, R. J. & Vane, J. R. (1980). Prostaglandins, prostacyclin, and thromboxane A2. In Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 6th edn, pp. 668–681 [Gilman, A. G., Goodman, L. S. & Gilman, A., editors]. New York: MacMillan.Google Scholar
Moon, R. C., Rao, K. V. N., Detrisac, C. J. & Kelloff, G. J. (1992). Retinoid chemoprevention of lung cancer. In Cancer Chemoprevention, pp. 83–93 [Wattenberg, L., Lipkin, M., Boone, C. W. & Kelloff, G. J., editors]. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.Google Scholar
Morel, I., Lescoat, G., Cogrel, P., Sergent, O., Pasdeloup, N., Brissot, P., Cillard, P. & Cillard, J. (1993). Antioxidant and iron-chealting activities of the flavonoids catechin, quercetin and diosmetin on iron-loaded rat hepatocyte cultures. Biochemical Pharmacology 45, 13–19.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mori, A., Nishino, C., Enoki, N. & Tawata, S. (1988). Cytotoxicity of plant flavonoids against HeLa cells. Phytochemistry 27, 1017–1020.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morse, M. A., Eklind, K. I., Amin, S. G., Hecht, S. S. & Chung, F. L. (1989). Effects of alkyl chain length on the inhibition of NNK-induced lung neoplasia in A/J mice by arylalkyl isothiocyanates. Carcinogenesis 10, 1757–1759.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morse, M. A. & Stoner, G. D. (1993). Cancer chemoprevention: principles and prospects. Carcinogenesis 14, 1737–1746.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mukai, K., Sawada, K., Kohno, Y. & Terao, J. (1993). Kinetic study of the prooxidant effect of tocopherol. Hydrogen abstraction from lipid hydroperoxides by tocopheroxyls in solution. Lipids 28, 747–752.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murphy, S. P., Subar, A. F. & Block, G. (1990). Vitamin E intakes and sources in the United States. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 52, 361–367.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Murray, A. W., Fournier, A. & Hardy, S. J. (1978). Proteolytic activation of protein kinase C: a physiological reaction? Trends in Biochemical Science 12, 53–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Musk, S. R. R. & Johnson, I. T. (1993 a). Allyl isothiocyanate is selectively toxic to transformed cells of the human colorectal tumour line HT29. Carcinogenesis 14, 2079–2083.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Musk, S. R. R. & Johnson, I. T. (1993 b). In vitro genetic toxicology testing of naturally occuring isothiocyanates. In Food and Cancer Prevention: Chemical and Biological Aspects, pp. 58–61 [Waldron, K. W., Johnson, I. T. & Fenwick, G. R., editors]. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry.Google Scholar
Nagasawa, H. & Konishi, R. (1988). Stimulation by caffeine of spontaneous mammary tumorigenesis in mice. European Journal of Cancer and Clinical Oncology 24, 803–805.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nakadate, T., Yamamoto, S., Aizu, E. & Kato, R. (1984). Effects of flavonoids and antioxidants on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-caused epidermal ornithine decarboxylase induction and tumor promotion in relation to lipoxygenase inhibition by these compounds. GANN 75, 214–222.Google Scholar
Nanno, M., Morotomi, M., Takayama, H., Kuroshima, T., Tanaka, R. & Mutai, M. (1986). Mutagenic activation of biliary metabolites of benzo(a)pyrene by β-glucuronidase-positive bacteria in human faeces. Journal of Medical Microbiology 22, 351–355.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nelson, D. R., Kamataki, T., Waxman, D. J., Guengerich, F. P., Estabrook, R. W., Feyereisen, R., Gonzalez, F. J., Coon, M. J., Gunsalus, I. C., Gotoh, O., Okuda, K. & Nebert, D. W. (1993). The P450 superfamily – update on new sequences, gene mapping, accession numbers, early trival names of enzymes, and nomenclature. DNA and Cell Biology 12, 1–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nguyen, T. & Pickett, C. B. (1992). Regulation of rat glutathione S-transferase Ya subunit gene expression-DNA-protein interaction at the antioxidant responsive element. Journal of Biological Chemistry 267, 13535–13539.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nijhoff, W. A., Groen, G. M. & Peters, W. H. M. (1993). Induction of rat hepatic and intestinal glutathione S-transferases and glutathione by dietary naturally occuring anticarcinogens. International Journal of Oncology 3, 1131–1139.Google ScholarPubMed
Nishikawa, A., Furukawa, F., Imazawa, T., Yoshimura, H., Mitsumori, K. & Takahashi, M. (1992). Effects of caffeine, nicotine, ethanol and sodium selenite on pancreatic carcinogenesis in hamsters after initiation with N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine. Carcinogenesis 13, 1379–1382.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nishino, H. (1992). Antitumor-promoting activity of glycyrrhetinic acid and its related compounds. In Cancer Chemoprevention, pp. 457–467 [Wattenberg, L., Lipkin, M., Boone, C. W. & Kelloff, G. J., editors]. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.Google Scholar
Nomura, A., Henderson, B. E. & Lee, J. (1978). Breast cancer and diet among the Japanese in Hawai. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 31, 2020–2025.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Brian, C. A., Ward, N. E. & Vogel, V. G. (1990). Inhibition of protein kinase C by the 12-O-tetra-decanoylphorbol-13-acetate antagonist glycyrrhetic acid. Cancer Letters 49, 9–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oguni, I., Nasu, K., Kanaya, S., Ota, Y., Yamamoto, S. & Nomura, T. (1989). Epidemiological and experimental studies on the antitumor activity by green tea extracts. Japanese Journal of Nutrition 47, 43–48.Google Scholar
Ohmori, S., Misaizu, T., Nakamura, T., Takano, N., Kitagawa, H. & Kitada, M. (1993). Differential role in lipid peroxidation between rat P450 1A1 and P450 1A2. Biochemical Pharmacology 46, 55–60.Google ScholarPubMed
Ohta, T., Watanabe, K., Moriya, M., Shirasu, Y. & Kada, T. (1993 a). Anti-mutagenic effects of coumarin and umbelliferone on mutagenesis induced by 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide or UV irradiation in E. coli. Mutation Research 117, 135–138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ohta, T., Watanabe, K., Moriya, M., Shirasu, Y. & Kada, T. (1983 b). Analysis of the antimutagenic effect of cinnamaldehyde on chemically induced mutagenesis in Escherichia coli. Molecular and General Genetics 192, 309–315.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ohta, T., Watanabe, M., Shirasu, Y. & Inoue, T. (1988). Post-replication repair and recombination in uvr A umuC strains of Escherichia coli are enhanced by vanillin, an antimutagenic compound. Mutation Research 201, 107–112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ohta, T., Watanabe, M., Watanabe, K., Shirasu, Y. & Kada, T. (1986). Inhibitory effects of flavourings on mutagenesis induced by chemicals in bacteria. Food and Chemical Toxicology 24, 51–54.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Okuzumi, J., Nishino, H., Murakoshi, M., Iwashima, A., Tanaka, Y., Yamane, T., Fujita, Y. & Takahashi, T. (1990). Inhibitory effects of fucoxanthin, a natural carotenoid, on N-myc expression and cell cycle progression in human malignant tumor cells. Cancer Letters 55, 75–81.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Okuzumi, J., Takahashi, T., Yamane, T., Kitao, Y., Inagake, M., Ohya, K., Nishino, H. & Tanaka, Y. (1993). Inhibitory effects of fucoxanthin, a natural carotenoid, on N-ethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-induced mouse duodenal carcinogenesis. Cancer Letters 68, 159–168.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pacifici, R. E. & Davies, K. J. A. (1990). Protein degradation as an index of oxidative stress. Methods in Enzymology 186, 485–502.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Packer, L. (1991). Protective role of vitamin E in biological systems. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 53, 1050S–1055S.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Packer, L. (1992). New horizons in vitamin E research – the vitamin E cycle, biochemistry, and clinical applications. In Lipid-soluble Antioxidants: Biochemistry and Clinical Applications, pp. 1–15 [Ong, A. S. H. and Packer, L., editors]. Basel: Birkhauser Verlag.Google Scholar
Pegg, A. E. (1988). Polyamine metabolism and its importance in neoplastic growth and as a target for chemotherapy. Cancer Research 48, 759–774.Google ScholarPubMed
Pence, B. C., Buddingh, F. & Yang, S. P. (1986). Multiple dietary factors in the enhancement of dimethylhydrazine carcinogenesis: main effect of indole-3-carbinol. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 77, 269–276.Google ScholarPubMed
Powell, S. R. & Tortolani, A. J. (1992). Recent advances in the role of reactive oxygen intermediates in ischemic injury. 1. Evidence demonstrating presence of reactive oxygen intermediates. 2. Role of metals in site-specific formation of radicals. Journal of Surgical Research 53, 417–429.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pratt, D. E. (1992). Natural antioxidants from plant material. In Phenolic Compounds in Food and their Effect on Health, vol. 2, pp. 54–71. [Huang, M.-T., Ho, C.-T. & Lee, C. Y., editors]. Washington DC: American Chemical Society.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Preston-Martin, S., Pike, M. C., Ross, R. K., Jones, P. A. & Henderson, B. E. (1990). Increased cell division as a cause of human cancer. Cancer Research 50, 7415–7421.Google ScholarPubMed
Prochaska, H. J., De Long, M. J. & Talalay, P. (1985). On the mechanisms of induction of cancer-protective enzymes: a unifying proposal. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 82, 8232–8236.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Prochaska, H. J. & Santamaria, A. B. (1988). Direct measurement of NAD(P)H: quinone reductase from cells cultured in microtiter wells: a screening assay for anticarcinogenic enzyme inducers. Analytical Biochemistry 169, 328–336.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pung, A., Rundhaug, J. E., Yoshizawa, C. N. & Bertram, J. S. (1988). β-Carotene and canthaxanthin inhibit chemically- and physically-induced neoplastic transformation in 10T1/2 cells. Carcinogenesis 9, 1533–1539.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rao, C. V., Simi, B. & Reddy, B. S. (1993). Inhibition by dietary curcumin of azoxymethane-induced ornithine decarboxylase, tyrosine protein kinase, arachidonic acid metabolism and aberrant crypt foci formation in the rat colon. Carcinogenesis 14, 2219–2225.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Raveendran, M., Thanislass, J., Maheswari, G. U. & Devaraj, H. (1993). Induction of prooxidant state by the food flavor cinnamaldehyde in rat liver. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 4, 181–183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reddy, B. S., Weisburger, J. H., Narisawa, T. & Wynder, E. L. (1974). Colon carcinogenesis in germ-free rats treated with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Cancer Research 34, 2368–2372.Google Scholar
Reif, D. W. (1992). Ferritin as a source of iron for oxidative damage. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 12, 417–427.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Remacle, J., Lambert, D., Raes, M., Pigeolet, E., Michiels, C. & Toussaint, O. (1992). Importance of various antioxidant enzymes for cell stability – confrontation between theoretical and experimental data. Biochemical Journal 286, 41–46.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Riley, R. J. & Workman, P. (1992). DT-diaphorase and cancer chemotherapy. Biochemical Pharmacology 43, 1657–1669.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rousseau, E. J., Davison, A. J. & Dunn, B. (1992). Protection by β-carotene and related compounds against oxygen-mediated cytotoxicity and genotoxicity – implications for carcinogenesis and anticarcinogenesis. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 13, 407–433.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rowland, I. R., Mallett, A. K. & Wise, A. (1985). The effect of diet on the mammalian gut flora and its metabolic activities. CRC Critical Reviews in Toxicology 16, 31–103.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rozen, F., Nguyen, T. & Pickett, C. B. (1992). Isolation and characterization of a human glutathione S-transferase Hal subunit gene. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 292, 589–593.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ruch, R. J., Cheng, S.-J. & Klaunig, J. E. (1989). Prevention of cytotoxicity and inhibition of intercellular communication by antioxidant catechins isolated from Chinese green tea Carcinogenesis 10, 1003–1008.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rueff, J., Laires, A., Gaspar, J., Borba, H. & Rodrigues, A. (1992). Oxygen species and the genotoxicity of quercetin. Mutation Research 265, 75–81.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rushmore, T. H., Morton, M. R. & Pickett, C. B. (1991). The antioxidant responsive element. Activation by oxidative stress and identification of the DNA consensus sequence required for functional activity. Journal of Biological Chemistry 266, 11632–11639.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rushmore, T. H. & Pickett, C. B. (1993). Glutathione S-transferases, structure, regulation, and therapeutic implications. Journal of Biological Chemistry 268, 11475–11478.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Saatcioglu, F., Perry, D. J., Pasco, D. S. & Fagan, J. B. (1990). Aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor DNA binding activity. Sequence specificity and Zn2+ requirement. Journal of Biological Chemistry 265, 9251–9258.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sasaki, Y. F., Imanishi, H., Ohta, T. & Shirasu, Y. (1987). Effects of vanillin on sister-chromatid exchanges and chromosome aberrations induced by mitomycin C in cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells. Mutation Research 191, 193–200.Google ScholarPubMed
Sasaki, Y. F., Imanishi, H., Watanabe, M., Ohta, T. & Shirasu, Y. (1990 a). Suppressing effect of antimutagenic flavorings on chromosome aberrations induced by UV-light or X-rays in cultured Chinese hamster cells. Mutation Research 229, 1–10.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sasaki, Y. F., Ohta, T., Imanishi, H., Watanabe, M., Matsumoto, K., Kato, T. & Shirasu, Y. (1990 b). Suppressing effects of vanillin, cinnamaldehyde, and anisaldehyde on chromosome aberrations induced by X-rays in mice. Mutation Research 243, 299–302.Google ScholarPubMed
Sato, M., Narisawa, T., Sano, M., Takahashi, T. & Goto, A. (1983). Growth inhibition of transplantable murine colon adenocarcinoma 38 by indomethacin. Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology 106, 21–26.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schelp, F.-P. & Pongpaew, P. (1988). Protection against cancer through nutritionally-induced increase of endogenous proteinase inhibitors – a hypothesis. International Journal of Epidemiology 17, 287–292.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schneider, J., Huh, M. M., Bradlow, H. L. & Fishman, J. (1984). Antiestrogen action of 2-hydroxyestrone on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Journal of Biological Chemistry 259, 4840–4845.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Scholar, E. M., Wolterman, K., Birt, D. F. & Bresnick, E. (1989). The effect of diets enriched in cabbage and collards on murine pulmonary metastasis. Nutrition and Cancer 12, 121–126.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schrauzer, G. N. (1992). Mechanistic aspects of anticarcinogenic action. Biological Trace Element Research 33, 51–62.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schuckelt, R., Brigelius-Flohe, R., Maiorino, M., Roveri, A., Reumkens, J., Strassburger, W., Ursini, F., Wolf, B. & Flohe, L. (1991). Phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase is a selenoenzyme distinct from the classical glutathione peroxidase as evident from cDNA and amino acid sequencing. Free Radical Research Communications 14, 343–361.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Scott, B. C., Butler, J., Halliwell, B. & Aruoma, O. I. (1993). Evaluation of the antioxidant actions of ferulic acid and catechins. Free Radical Research Communications 19, 241–253.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Setchell, K. D. R. & Aldercreutz, H. (1988). Mammalian lignans and phyto-oestrogens. Recent studies on their formation, metabolism and biological role in health and disease. In Role of the Gut Flora in Toxicity and Cancer, pp. 315–345 [Rowland, I. R., editor]. London: Academic Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shamsuddin, A. M. & Sakamoto, K. (1992). Antineoplastic action of inositol compounds. In Cancer Chemoprevention, pp. 285–308 [Wattenberg, L., Lipkin, M., Boone, C. W. & Kelloff, G. J., editors]. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.Google Scholar
Shamsuddin, A. M. & Ullah, A. (1989). Inositol hexaphosphate inhibits large intestinal cancer in F344 rats 5 months following induction by azoxymethane. Carcinogenesis 10, 625–626.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shertzer, H. G. & Sainsbury, M. (1991). Chemoprotective and hepatic enzyme induction properties of indole and indenoindole antioxidants in rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology 29, 391–400.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shi, X., Dalal, N. S. & Jain, A. C. (1991). Antioxidant behaviour of caffeine: efficient scavenging of hydroxyl radicals. Food and Chemical Toxicology 29, 1–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shimoi, K., Nakamura, Y., Tomita, I., Hara, Y. & Kada, T. (1986). The pyrogallol related compounds reduce UV-induced mutations in Escherichia coli B/r WP2. Mutation Research 173, 239–244.Google ScholarPubMed
Shimoi, K., Nakamura, Y., Tomita, I. & Kada, T. (1985). Bio-antimutagenic effects of tannic acid on UV and chemically induced mutagenesis in Escherichia coli B/r. Mutation Research 149, 17–23.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shklar, G. & Schwartz, J. (1988). Tumor necrosis factor in experimental cancer regression with alphatocopherol, beta-carotene, canthaxanthin and algae extract. European Journal of Cancer and Clinical Oncology 24, 839–850.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Slaga, T. J. (1983). Overview of tumor promotion in animals. Environmental Health Perspectives 50, 3–14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, T. J., Guo, Z., Li, C., Ning, S. M., Thomas, P. E. & Yang, C. S. (1993). Mechanisms of inhibition of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone bioactivation in mouse by dietary phenethyl isothiocyanate. Cancer Research 53, 3276–3282.Google ScholarPubMed
Soudamini, K. K. & Kuttan, R. (1989). Inhibition of chemical carcinogenesis by curcumin. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 27, 227–233.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stähelin, H. B., Gey, K. F., Eicholzer, M. & Lüdin, E. (1991). β-Carotene and cancer prevention: the Basel study. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 53, 265S–269S.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sugie, S., Yoshimi, N., Okumara, A., Tanaka, T. & Mori, H. (1993). Modifying effects of benzyl isothiocyanate and benzyl thiocyanate on DNA synthesis in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. Carcinogenesis 14, 281–283.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sutherland, L., Ebner, T. & Burchell, B. (1993). The expression of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases of the UGT1 family in human liver and kidney and in response to drugs. Biochemical Pharmacology 45, 295–301.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Suzuki, S., Takada, T., Sugawara, Y., Muto, T. & Kominami, R. (1991). Quercetin induces recombinational mutations in cultured cells as detected by DNA fingerprinting. Japanese Journal of Cancer Research 82, 1061–1064.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Taffet, S. M. & Russell, S. W. (1981). Macrophage-mediated tumor cell killing: regulation of expression of cytolytic activity by prostaglandin E. Journal of Immunology 126, 424–427.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Takada, H., Hirooka, T., Hiramatsu, Y. & Yamamoto, M. (1982). Effects of β-glucuronidase inhibitor on azoxymethane-induced colonic carcinogenesis in rats. Cancer Research 42, 331–334.Google ScholarPubMed
Takahashi, S., Hakoi, K., Yada, H., Hirose, M., Ito, N. & Fukushima, S. (1992). Enhancing effects of diallyl sulfide on hepatocarcinogenesis and inhibitory actions of the related diallyl disulfide on colon and renal carcinogenesis in rats. Carcinogenesis 13, 1513–1518.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Talalay, P., De Long, M. J. & Prochaska, H. J. (1988). Identification of a common chemical signal regulating the induction of enzymes that protect against chemical carcinogenesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 85, 8261–8265.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Talalay, P. & Prochaska, H. J. (1987). Mechanisms of induction of NAD(P)H: quinone reductase. Chemica Scripta 27A, 61–66.Google Scholar
Tanaka, T., Morishita, Y., Suzui, M., Kojima, T., Okumura, A. & Mori, H. (1994). Chemoprevention of mouse urinary bladder carcinogenesis by the naturally occuring carotenoid astaxanthin. Carcinogenesis 15, 15–19.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tawfiq, N., Wanigatunga, S., Heaney, R. K., Musk, S. R. R., Williamson, G. & Fenwick, G. R. (1994). Induction of the anticarcinogenic enzyme quinone reductase by food extracts using murine hepatoma cells. European Journal of Cancer Prevention, in Press.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Telang, N. T., Suto, A., Wong, G. Y., Osborne, M. P. & Bradlow, H. L. (1992). Induction by estrogen metabolite 16 α-hydroxyestrone of genotoxic damage and aberrant proliferation in mouse mammary epithelial cells. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 84, 634–638.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Testa, U., Pelosi, E. & Peschle, C. (1993). The transferrin receptor. Critical Reviews in Oncogenesis 4, 241–276.Google ScholarPubMed
Tong, C., Fazio, M. & Williams, G. M. (1980). Cell cycle-specific mutagenesis at the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase locus in adult rat liver epithelial cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 77, 7377–7379.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Troll, W., Frenkel, K. & Wiesner, R. (1984). Protease inhibitors as anticarcinogens. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 73, 1245–1250.Google ScholarPubMed
Troll, W., Lim, J. S. & Belman, S. (1992). Protease inhibitors suppress carcinogenesis in vivo and in vitro. In Cancer Chemoprevention, pp. 503–512 [Wattenberg, L., Lipkin, M., Boone, C. W. & Kelloff, G. J., editors]. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.Google Scholar
Troll, W., Wiesner, R. & Frenkel, K. (1987). Anticarcinogenic action of protease inhibitors. Advances in Cancer Research 49, 265–283.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Trosko, J. E. & Chang, C.-C. (1984). Role of intercellular communication in tumor promotion. In Mechanisms of Tumor Promotion, vol. 4, Cellular Responses to Tumor Promoters, pp. 119–145 [Slaga, T. J., editor]. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.Google Scholar
Ursini, F. & Bindoli, A. (1987). The role of selenium peroxidases in the protection against oxidative damage of membranes. Chemistry and Physics of Lipids 44, 255–276.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ursini, F., Maiorino, M. & Gregolin, C. (1985). The selenoenzyme phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 839, 62–70.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
VanderPloeg, L. C. & Welsch, C. W. (1991). Inhibition by caffeine of ovarian hormone-induced mammary gland tumorigenesis in female GR mice. Cancer Letters 56, 245–250.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Verhagen, H., van Poppel, G., Willems, M. I., Bogaards, J. J. P., Rompelberg, C. J. M. & van Bladeren, P. J. (1993). Cancer prevention by natural food constituents. International Food Ingredients no. 1/2, 22–29.Google Scholar
Wallig, M. A., Kuchan, M. J. & Milner, J. A. (1993). Differential effects of cyanohydroxybutene and selenium on normal and neoplastic canine mammary cells in vitro. Toxicology Letters 69, 97–105.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wang, Z. Y., Agarwal, R., Zhou, Z. C., Bickers, D. R. & Mukhtar, H. (1991). Inhibition of mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium and skin tumor initiating and tumor promoting activities in SENCAR mice by glycyrrhetinic acid: comparison of 18 α- and β-stereoisomers. Carcinogenesis 12, 187–192.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wattenberg, L. W. (1981). Inhibition of carcinogen-induced neoplasia by sodium cyanate, tert-butylisocyanate and benzyl isothiocyanate administered subsequent to carcinogen exposure. Cancer Research 41, 2991–2994.Google Scholar
Wattenberg, L. W. (1983). Inhibition of neoplasia by minor dietary constituents. Cancer Research 43, 2448S–2453S.Google ScholarPubMed
Wattenberg, L. W. (1985). Chemoprevention of cancer. Cancer Research 45, 1–8.Google ScholarPubMed
Wattenberg, L. W. (1993). Inhibition of carcinogenesis by nonnutrient constituents of the diet. In Food and Cancer Prevention: Chemical and Biological Aspects, pp. 12–23 [Waldron, K. W., Johnson, I. T. & Fenwick, G. R., editors]. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry.Google Scholar
Wattenberg, L. W., Schafer, H. W., Waters, L. & Davis, D. W. (1989 a). Inhibition of mammary tumor formation by broccoli and cabbage. Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research 30, 181.Google Scholar
Wattenberg, L. W., Sparnins, V. L. & Barany, G. (1989 b). Inhibition of N-nitrosodiethylamine carcinogenesis in mice by naturally occurring organosulfur compounds and monoterpenes. Cancer Research 49, 2689–2692.Google ScholarPubMed
Weed, H. G., McGandy, R. B. & Kennedy, A. R. (1985). Protection against dimethylhydrazine-induced adenomatous tumors of the mouse colon by the dietary addition of an extract of soybeans containing the Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor. Carcinogenesis 6, 1239–1241.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wei, H., Tye, L., Bresnick, E. & Birt, D. F. (1990). Inhibitory effect of apigenin, a plant flavonoid, on epidermal ornithine decarboxylase and skin tumor promotion in mice. Cancer Research 50, 499–502.Google ScholarPubMed
Wells, W. W., Xu, D. P., Yang, Y. & Rocque, P. A. (1990). Mammalian thioltransferase (glutaredoxin) and protein disulfide isomerase have dehydroascorbate reductase activity. Journal of Biological Chemistry 265, 15361–15364.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Welsch, C. W., DeHoog, J. V. & O'Connor, D. H. (1988). Influence of caffeine consumption on carcinomatous and normal mammary gland development in mice. Cancer Research 48, 2078–2082.Google ScholarPubMed
Williams, D. E., Carpenter, H. M., Buhler, D. R., Kelly, J. D. & Dutchuk, M. (1992). Alterations in lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes, and carcinogen metabolism in liver microsomes of vitamin-E-deficient trout and rat. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 116, 78–84.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Williams-Ashman, H. G. & Canellakis, Z. N. (1979). Polyamines in mammalian biology and medicine. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 22, 421–453.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Winterbourn, C. C., Vile, G. F. & Monteiro, H. P. (1991). Ferritin, lipid peroxidation and redox cycling xenobiotics. Free Radical Research Communications 12–13, 107–114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Witschi, H. & Kennedy, A. R. (1989). Modulation of lung tumor development in mice with the soybean-derived Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor. Carcinogenesis 10, 2275–2277.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wortelboer, H. M., Vanderlinden, E. C. M., Dekruif, C. A., Noordhoek, J., Blaauboer, B. J., van Bladeren, P. J. & Falke, H. E. (1992). Effects of indole-3-carbinol on biotransformation enzymes in the rat. In vivo changes in liver and small intestinal mucosa in comparison with primary hepatocyte cultures. Food and Chemical Toxicology 30, 589–599.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wu, L. & Whitlock, J. P. (1993). Mechanism of dioxin action – receptor-enhancer interactions in intact cells. Nucleic Acids Research 21, 119–125.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Xanthoudakis, S., Miao, G., Wang, F., Pan, Y. C. E. & Curran, T. (1992). Redox activation of Fos-Jun DNA binding activity is mediated by a DNA repair enzyme. EMBO Journal 11, 3323–3335.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Xu, Y., Ho, C.-T., Amin, S. G., Han, C. & Chung, F.-L. (1992). Dietary inhibitors of chemical carcinogenesis. 17. Inhibition of tobacco-specific nitrosamine-induced lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice by green tea and its major polyphenol as antioxidants. Cancer Research 52, 3875–3879.Google Scholar
Yamaguchi, T. (1980). Mutagenicity of isothiocyanates, isocyanates and thioureas on Salmonella typhimurium. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 44, 3017–3018.Google Scholar
Yamamoto, S. & Kato, R. (1992). Inhibitors of the archidonic acid cascade and their chemoprevention of skin cancer. In Cancer Chemoprevention, pp. 141–151 [Wattenberg, L., Lipkin, M., Boone, C. W. & Kelloff, G. J., editors]. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.Google Scholar
Yamasaki, H. (1984). Modulation of cell differentiation by tumor promoters. In Mechanisms of Tumor Promotion. Cellular Responses to Tumor Promoters, pp. 1–26 [Slaga, T. J., editor]. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.Google Scholar
Yang, C. S., Brady, J. F. & Hong, J. (1992). Dietary effects on cytochromes-P450, xenobiotic metabolism, and toxicity. FASEB Journal 6, 737–744.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yavelow, J., Collins, M., Birk, Y., Troll, W. & Kennedy, A. R. (1985). Nanomolar concentrations of Bowman-Birk soybean protease inhibitor suppress x-ray-induced transformation in vitro. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 82, 5395–5399.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yavelow, J., Finlay, T. H., Kennedy, A. R. & Troll, W. (1983). Bowman-Birk soybean protease inhibitor as an anticarcinogen. Cancer Research 43, Suppl., 2454s–2459s.Google ScholarPubMed
Yoo, J. S. H., Hong, J. Y., Ning, S. M. & Yang, C. S. (1990). Roles of dietary corn oil in the regulation of cytochromes P450 and glutathione S-transferases in rat liver. Journal of Nutrition 120, 1718–1726.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ziegler, D. M. (1991). Mechanism, multiple forms and substrate specificities of flavin containing monooxygenases. In N-oxidation of Drugs: Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology, pp. 59–70 [Hlavica, P. and Damani, L. A., editors]. London: Chapman and Hall.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, Y., Talalay, P., Cho, C.-G. & Posner, G. H. (1992). A major inducer of anticarcinogenic protective enzymes from broccoli: isolation and elucidation of structure. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 89, 2399–2403.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ziegler, R. G. (1991). Vegetables, fruits, and carotenoids and the risk of cancer. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 53, 251S–259S.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed