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Theatre and Urban Space: the Case of Birmingham Rep

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 January 2009

Abstract

In NTQ61, Deborah Saivetz described the attempts over the past decade of the Italian director Pino DiBuduo to create ‘invisible cities’ – performances intended to restore the relationship between urban spaces and their inhabitants, through exploring the actual and spiritual histories of both. Earlier in the present issue, Baz Kershaw suggests some broader analogies between the theatre and its macrocosmic environment. Here, Claire Cochrane, who teaches at University College, Worcester, narrows the focus to a particular British city and the role over time of a specific theatre in relation to its urban setting. Her subject is the history and development of the Birmingham Repertory Theatre in relation to the city – of which its founder, Barry Jackson, was a lifelong resident – as an outcome of the city's growth in the wake of the Industrial Revolution, which made it distinctive in terms of its manufactures, the workers and entrepreneurs who produced them, and a civic consciousness that was disputed yet also shared. She traces, too, the transition between old and new theatre buildings and spaces which continued to reflect shifting class and cultural relationships as the city, its politicians, and its planners adapted to the second half of the twentieth century.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2000

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References

Notes and References

1. Lefebvre, Henri, The Production of Space, trans. Nicholson-Smith, Donald (Blackwell, 1991), p. 1416Google Scholar.

2. Soja, Edward W., Postmodern Geographies: the Reassertion of Space in Critical Social Theory (Verso, 1989) p. 1Google Scholar.

3. Dublin, under British jurisdiction at the time the Abbey was established, was distinctive in that it was a pre-industrial capital city of major importance.

4. Sennett, Richard, ed., Classic Essays on the Culture of Cities (Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1969), p. 512Google Scholar.

5. Lefebvre, p. 38–9.

6. Pahl, R. E., Patterns of Urban Life (Longman, 1970), p. viiGoogle Scholar.

7. Donnison, David, with Soto, Paul, The Good City: a Study of Urban Development and Policy in Britain (Heinemann, 1980), p. 611Google Scholar.

8. See, especially, Landstone, Charles, Offstage: a Personal Record of the First Twelve Years of Public Funding (Elek, 1953), p. 103–45Google Scholar.

9. Harvey, David, The Urban Experience (Blackwell, 1989), p. 28Google Scholar.

10. Lefebvre, p. 49.

11. Fishman, Robert, ‘Bourgeois Utopias: Visions of Suburbia’, in Fainstein, Susan and Campbell, Scott, eds., Readings in Urban Theory (Blackwell, 1996), p. 2360Google Scholar.

12. Ibid., p. 29–31.

13. Harvey, p. 20.

14. Ibid., p. 31.

15. Ibid., p. 21.

16. Nield, Sophie, ‘Space and Popular Theatre’, in Merkin, Ros, ed., Popular Theatres? Papers for the Popular Theatre Conference, 1994 (John Moores University, 1996), p. 207–19Google Scholar. I have found Nield's article which similarly draws on Lefebvre and Soja, very helpful.

17. An ancillary issue for the historian is that commercial managers who maintained this system but with genuine artistic aspirations have been substantially excluded from the historical record. In Birmingham, the commercial management of the Alexandra Theatre by the Salberg family from 1911 to 1977 included well-supported periods of twice-nightly popular rep. The Alex never achieved the historical status of the Rep. See Salberg, Derek, Ring Down the Curtain: a Fascinating Record of Birmingham Theatres and Contemporary Life through Three Centuries (Courtney Publications, 1980)Google Scholar.

18. Hall, Tim, Urban Geography (Routledge, 1988), p. 1Google Scholar.

19. Cherry, Gordon E., Birmingham: a Study in Geography, History, and Planning (Wiley, 1994), p. 106Google Scholar.

20. Ibid., p. 65.

21. Ibid., p. 75–8.

22. Briggs, Asa, Victorian Cities (Penguin, 1968), p. 232Google Scholar.

23. Harvey, p. 30–1.

24. Cherry, p. 81.

25. Ibid., p. 95.

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27. Cherry, p. 70.

28. Barry V. Jackson, ‘What We Did’ (unpublished paper, 1921).

29. Jackson, Barry V., ‘Introduction’, in Matthews, Bache, A History of the Birmingham Repertory Theatre (London: Chatto and Windus, 1924), p. xi–xvGoogle Scholar.

30. Ibid., p. xv.

31. Cochrane, Claire, Shakespeare and the Birmingham Repertory Theatre, 1913–1929 (Society for Theatre Research, 1993), p. 67Google Scholar, 44–5. See also Sam N. Cooke, ‘The Building’, in Matthews, p. 156–62. For more background on Barry Jackson and the work of Birmingham Rep, see also Trewin, J. C., The Birmingham Repertory Theatre 1913–1963 (Barrie and Rockliff, 1963)Google Scholar.

32. Richard Wagner, Das Buhnenfestspielhaus, quoted in Nield, p. 209.

33. Nield, p. 214.

34. Cherry, p. 102–5. In 1879 the Cadbury family, who founded Birmingham's famous chocolate factory, began the process of creating a green field factory and housing estate some four miles south-west of the city centre which was to prove very influential in future developments.

35. Cherry, p. 103.

36. Most of the material on the ‘new’ Birmingham Rep comes from my own forthcoming The Birmingham Repertory Company 1961–1999, to be published by the Sir Barry Jackson Trust.

37. Hall, p. 2.

38. Cherry, p. 207.

39. Ibid., p. 198–9.

40. Comment by the daughter of William Hutton, eighteenth-century historian of Birmingham, quoted in Cherry, p. 224.

41. Lefebvre, p. 308.

42. For a less complex, well-illustrated account of much of the foregoing, see Upton, Chris, A History of Birmingham (Phillimore, 1993), p. 180214Google Scholar.

43. Mackintosh, Iain, Architecture, Actor, and Audience (Routledge, 1993), p. 106Google Scholar.

44. Hall, p. 93, 147.

45. Soja, p. 96.