^{page 480 note 2} Plucking and husking grain are included in the thirty-nine categories of labour forbidden on the Sabbath: Talmud, Babylonian, Shabbat 73B.Google Scholar

^{page 480 note 3} Cf. Mishnah, , Yoma viii. 6Google Scholar: the saving of life takes precedence over the observance of the Sabbath.

^{page 481 note 1} Albright, W. F. and Mann, C. S., Matthew (New York (Anchor Bible), 1971), pp. 148 f.Google Scholar

^{page 481 note 2} See etymology in Brown, Francis, Driver, S. R. and Briggs, Charles A., A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (Oxford, 1907), p. 771Google Scholar. Compare later citations in Jastrow, Marcus, A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature (New York, 1955), II, 1053.Google Scholar

^{page 481 note 3} Mishnah, , Menahot 65 AGoogle Scholar; cf. Talmud, Babylonian, Mo'ed Qatan 11 BGoogle Scholar and Tosafot, to Hagigah 18 AGoogle Scholar and 'Abodah Zarah 22 A.Google Scholar

^{page 481 note 4} See Mishnah, , Menahot x, 3, 10Google Scholar. When offered on the Sabbath, it was prepared by cutting three seah of barley sifted down to one 'omer: Mishnah, , Menahot x, IGoogle Scholar and Tosefta, , Demai 1, 28.Google Scholar

^{page 481 note 5} Talmud, Babylonian, Menahot 65 A.Google Scholar

^{page 482 note 1} Johnson, Sherman E., ‘Matthew’, Interpreter's Bible (New York, 1952), p. 392.Google Scholar

^{page 482 note 2} Num. xxviii. 9 et seq.; also see Mishnah, , Shabbat XVIII. 3.Google Scholar

^{page 482 note 3} Bowie, Walter Russell, ‘Luke’, Interpreter's Bible, pp. 110f.Google Scholar

^{page 482 note 4} Lampe, G. W. H., ‘Luke’, Peake's Commentary on the Bible, ed. Black, M. (London, 1962), p. 829.Google Scholar

^{page 482 note 5} (I.e., v. 62 οτı του ιερου έστıν ωδε.)

^{page 482 note 6} Parenthetically, the cutting of the 'orner and its offering in the Temple had the effect of allowing the use of the new crop in the country ( Mishnah, , Menahot x. 6Google Scholar). Thus, Jesus is also challenging this prerogative of the Temple.

^{page 482 note 7} For MS evidence cf. Levine, Etan, The Aramaic Version of Ruth (Rome (Analecta Biblica), 1973), pp. 64 fGoogle Scholar. et ad loc.

^{page 483 note 1} See Rabbah, Midrash Ruth in. 6Google Scholar: ‘Rabbi Simeon said: That day was the cutting of the 'omer… all of the towns gathered together, that it might be reaped with great ceremony.’ Cf. op. cit. IV. 2.Google Scholar

^{page 483 note 2} For further contradictions of the Pharisaic-Rabbinic tradition, cf. Levine, Etan, op. cit., adGoogle ScholarRuth, i. 13Google Scholar, 17, 22, ii. 4, 7 and iv. 5ff.

^{page 483 note 3} Ginzberg, Louis, Legends of the Jews (Philadelphia, 1938), VI, 190Google Scholar, suggests amending the targum to read ‘at the termination of the first day of Passover’ (bemifaq yoma' a d'pasha'). This is no more convincing than the suggestion of Melamed, Ezra, ‘Le-targum Megillat Rut’, Annual of Bar-Ilan University (1965), p. 194Google Scholar that the targum has misunderstood the Mishnah ( Menahot x 3Google Scholar) providing the date for cutting the 'orner!

^{page 483 note 4} This identical method is employed by the targum in Ruth iv. 7, where it attributes to ‘all Israel’ a practice which diverges from Pharisaic-Rabbinic halakah.