Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-mlc7c Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-03T04:02:05.653Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Euromaidan Abroad: The Social Movement Motivations of Young Ukrainian Immigrants

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 October 2020

Alla Korzh*
Affiliation:
School for International Training (SIT) Graduate Institute, Brattleboro, VT, USA
Serhiy Kovalchuk
Affiliation:
International Development Research Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Adj Marshall
Affiliation:
SIT Graduate Institute, Brattleboro, VT, USA
*
*Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]

Abstract

This article examines the motivations of young Ukrainian immigrants to support the Euromaidan from abroad. Existing research has documented social movements within their national boundaries and the participation of young people in them. However, it has rarely examined the expansion of social movements beyond their national boundaries and the engagement of young immigrants in such movements. Drawing on a larger qualitative study, this article presents the findings about what motivated 24 young Ukrainian immigrants residing in the USA to support the Euromaidan movement of 2013–2014 and compares their motivations to those of the protestors in Ukraine. We argue that motivations of young Ukrainian immigrants to support the Euromaidan from abroad manifest themselves in symbolic or psychological causes. Our findings demonstrate that the individual motivations were driven by an ideological commitment to systemic change in Ukraine, manifested through young Ukrainian immigrants’ (1) desire to end injustice, (2) solidarity with fellow Ukrainians, (3) moral obligation to raise awareness among the US public, and, most prominently, (4) sense of agency to contribute to the long-awaited change in the homeland. Our findings also show that overall, the motivations of young Ukrainian immigrants to join the movement aligned with those of the protestors in Ukraine.

Type
Article
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Association for the Study of Nationalities

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

This is an updated version of the original article. For details please see the notice at https://doi.org/10.1017/nps.2020.101

References

Catalano, Theresa. 2013. “Occupy: A Case Illustration of Social Movements in Global Citizenship Education.” Education, Citizenship and Social Justice 8 (3): 276288.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chankseliani, Maia. 2018. “The Politics of Student Mobility: Links between Outbound Student Flows and the Democratic Development of Post-Soviet Eurasia.” International Journal of Educational Development 62: 281288.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chebotariova, Anna. 2015. “Voices of Resistance and Hope: On the Motivations and Expectations of Euromaidaners.” In Ukraine’s Euromaidan: Analyses of a Civil Revolution, edited by Marples, David R. and Mills, Frederick V., 163176. Stuttgart: Ibidem Press.Google Scholar
Cipko, Serge. 2016. “The Crisis in Ukraine and the Ukrainian Diaspora: February–December 2014.” In The Return of the Cold War: Ukraine, the West and Russia, edited by Black, Joseph Laurence and Johns, Michael, 6074. New York: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Del Felice, Celina, and Solheim, Lillian. 2011. “Youth Organisations as Learning Organisations: Exploring Special Contributions and Challenges.” Development in Practice 21 (8): 10941108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Democratic Initiatives Foundation. 2013. “Who Is Standing, Why and for What?” Democratic Initiatives Foundation, December 10, 2013. https://dif.org.ua/article/maydan-2013-khto-stoit-chomu-i-za-shcho. (Accessed August 6, 2020.)Google Scholar
Democratic Initiatives Foundation. 2014. “From Maidan-‘Tabir’ to Maidan-‘Sich’: What Changed?” Democratic Initiatives Foundation, February 6, 2014. https://dif.org.ua/article/vid-maydanu-taboru-do-maydanu-sichi-shcho-zminilosya. (Accessed August 6, 2020.)Google Scholar
Diuk, Nadia. 2012. The Next Generation in Russia, Ukraine, and Azerbaijan: Youth, Politics, Identity, and Change. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield.Google Scholar
Epstein, Irving, ed. 2015. The Whole World Is Texting: Youth Protest in the Information Age. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fujiwara, Aya. 2015. “Canada’s Response to Euromaidan.” In Ukraine’s Euromaidan: Analyses of a Civil Revolution, edited by Marples, David R. and Mills, Frederick V., 199215. Stuttgart: Ibidem Press.Google Scholar
Gamson, William. 1992. “The Social Psychology of Collective Action.” In Frontiers in Social Movement Theory, edited by Morris, Aldon D. and Mueller, Carrol McClurg, 5376. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Guarnizo, Luis Eduardo, Portes, Alejandro, and Haller, William. 2003. “Assimilation and Transnationalism: Determinants of Transnational Political Action among Contemporary Immigrants.” American Journal of Sociology 108 (6): 12111248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guarnizo, Luis Eduardo, and Smith, Michael Peter. 1998. “The Locations of Transnationalism.” In Transnationalism from Below, edited by Smith, Michael Peter and Guarnizo, Luis Eduardo, 334. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers.Google Scholar
Han, Christine. 2015. “Education for Active Citizenship: Youth Organizations and Alternative Forms of Citizenship Education in Hong Kong and Singapore.” In Constructing Modern Asian Citizenship, edited by Vickers, Edward and Kumar, Krishna, 240262. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Herrera, Linda. 2012. “Youth and Citizenship in the Digital Age: A View from Egypt.” Harvard Education Review 82 (3): 333352.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herrera, Linda, and Mansour, Abdel-Rahman. 2015. “Arab Youth: Disruptive Generation of the Twenty-First Century?” In The Oxford Handbook of Contemporary Middle Eastern and North African History, edited by Ghazal, Amal N. and Hanssen, Jens, chap. 29. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Itzigsohn, José, and Villacrés, Daniela. 2008. “Immigrant Political Transnationalism and The Practice of Democracy: Dominican External Voting Rights and Salvadoran Home Town Associations.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 31 (4): 664686.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jasper, James M. 1998. “The Emotions of Protest: Affective and Reactive Emotions in and around Social Movements.” Sociological Forum 13: 397424.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jasper, James M. 2006. “Motivation and Emotion.” In The Oxford Handbook of Contextual Political Analysis, edited by Goodin, Robert. E. and Tilly, Charles, 157171. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Jost, John T., Barbera, Pablo, Bonneau, Richard, Langer, Melanie, Metzger, Megan, Nagler, Jonathan, Sterling, Joanna, and Tucker, Joshua. A.. 2018. “How Social Media Facilitates Political Protest: Information, Motivation, and Social Networks.” Advances in Political Psychology 39 (1): 85118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jules, Tavis D., and Barton, Teresa. 2018. Educational Transitions in Post-Revolutionary Spaces: Islam, Security, and Social Movements in Tunisia. New York: Bloomsbury.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kiwan, Dina. 2014. “Emerging Forms of Citizenship in the Arab World.” In Routledge Global Handbook of Citizenship Studies, edited by Isin, Engin F. and Nyers, Peter, 307316. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Koinova, Maria. 2009. “Diasporas and Democratization in the Post-Communist World.” Communist and Post-Communist Studies 42 (1): 4164.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Korniychuk, Andriy, Patalong, Magdalena, and Steinberg, Richard. 2017. “The Influence of Protest Movements on the Development of Diasporic Engagement: The Case of Euromaidan and Its Impact for the Ukrainian Diaspora in Poland and Germany.” In Transnational Ukraine? Networks and Ties That Influence(d) Contemporary Ukraine, edited by Beichelt, Timm and Worschech, Susann, 137157. Stuttgart: Ibidem.Google Scholar
Kovalchuk, Serhiy, and Korzh, Alla. 2019. “The Transnational Activism of Young Ukrainian Immigrants.” In Democracy, Diaspora, Territory: Europe And Cross-Border Politics, edited by Oleinikova, Olga and Bayeh, Jumana, 127144. London: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krasynska, Svitlana. 2015. “Digital Civil Society: Euromaidan, the Ukrainian Diaspora, and Social Media.” In Ukraine’s Euromaidan: Analyses of A Civil Revolution, edited by Marples, David R. and Mills, Frederick V., 177198. Stuttgart: Ibidem.Google Scholar
Levitt, Peggy, and Jaworsky, Bernadette Nadya. 2007. “Transnational Migration Studies: Past Developments and Future Trends.” Annual Review of Sociology 33: 129156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCarthy, John D., and Zald, Mayer N.. 1973. The Trend of Social Movements in America: Professionalization and Resource Mobilization. Morristown: General Learning Press.Google Scholar
Menefee, Trey. 2015. “Hong Kong and the ‘Anti-Cosmopolitan Moment’: Four Essays.” Comparativist (blog), November 13, 2015. https://www.comparativist.org/2015/11/13/hong-kong-and-the-anti-cosmopolitan-moment/. (Accessed August 9, 2020.)Google Scholar
Nikolayenko, Olena. 2007. “The Revolt of the Post-Soviet Generation: Youth Movements in Serbia, Georgia, and Ukraine.” Comparative Politics 39 (2): 169188.Google Scholar
Nikolayenko, Olena. 2012. “Youth Movements and Elections in Non-Democracies.” Paper presented at the Politics and Protest Workshop, CUNY Graduate Center, November 15. http://politicsandprotest.ws.gc.cuny.edu/files/2012/07/PPW-10-Nikolayenko.pdf. (Accessed November 18, 2019.)Google Scholar
Oberschall, Anthony. 1973. Social Conflict and Social Movements. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Oleksiyenko, Olena. 2015. “The Transnational Activism of Ukrainian Immigrants in Poland: Euromaidan Warsaw from Facebook to Streets and from Streets to Facebook.” Paper presented at From Multitude to Crowds in Social Movements – Publics, Gatherings, Networks and Media in the 21th Century, Catholic University of Portugal, Lisbon, January 26–27.Google Scholar
Onuch, Olga, and Sasse, Gwendolyn. 2016. “The Maidan in Movement: Diversity and the Cycles of Protest.” Europe-Asia Studies 68 (4): 556587.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Onuch, Olga. 2014a. “Who Were the Protestors?Journal of Democracy 25 (3): 4451.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Onuch, Olga. 2014b. Mapping Mass Mobilization: Understanding Revolutionary Moments in Argentina and Ukraine. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Onuch, Olga. 2015a. “Maidan’s Past and Present: Comparing the Orange Revolution and the Euromaidan.” In Ukraine’s Euromaidan: Analyses of A Civil Revolution, edited by Marples, David R. and Mills, Frederick V., 2756. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Onuch, Olga. 2015b. “Euromaidan Protests in Ukraine: Social Media Versus Social Networks.” Problems of Post-Communism 62 (4): 217235.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paul, David M., and Paul, Rachel A.. 2009. Ethnic Lobbies and US Foreign Policy. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers.Google Scholar
Pinard, Maurice. 2011. Motivational Dimensions in Social Movements and Contentious Collective Action. Montreal: McGill Queen’s University Press.Google Scholar
Rossi, Federico M. 2009. “Youth Political Participation: Is This the End of Generational Cleavage?” International Sociology 24 (4): 467497.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ryabchuk, Anastasiya. 2014. “Right Revolution? Hopes and Perils of the Euromaidan Protests in Ukraine.” Debatte: Journal of Contemporary Central and Eastern Europe 22 (1): 127134.Google Scholar
Sarfati, Yusuf. 2015. “Dynamics of Mobilization during Gezi Park Protests in Turkey.” In The Whole World Is Texting: Youth Protest in the Information Age, edited by Epstein, Irving, 2543. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Satzewich, Vic. 2002. The Ukrainian Diaspora. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Schiavenz, Matt. 2014. “Who’s Behind Hong Kong’s Counter-Protests? Mainland Chinese, Organized Crime, and Business Interests Counter the Umbrella Revolution.” The Atlantic, October 13, 2014.Google Scholar
Slukvin, Mikhaylo. 2015. “Студентські протести Майдану та участь лівих” []. Spilne: Journal of Social Critique 9: 144155.Google Scholar
Snow, David, and McAdam, Doug. 2000. “Identity Work Processes in the Context of Social Movements: Clarifying the Identity/Movement Nexus.” In Self, Identity, and Social Movements, edited by Stryker, Sheldon, Owens, Timothy J., and White, Robert. W., 4167. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Snow, David, Rochford, E. Burke Jr., Worden, Steven K., and Benford, Robert D.. 1986. “Frame Alignment Processes, Micromobilization, and Movement Participation.” American Sociological Review 51: 464481.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tilly, Charles. 1978. From Mobilization to Revolution. Reading: Addison-Wesley.Google Scholar
Tucker, Joshua A. 2010. “Orange in a Shade of Gray: Electoral Fraud, Corruption, and Protest in the Orange Revolution.” In Orange Revolution and Aftermath: Mobilization, Apathy and the State in Ukraine, edited by D’Anieri, Paul J., 2346. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Wilson, Andrew. 2006. “Ukraine’s Orange Revolution, NGOs and the Role of the West.” Cambridge Review of International Affairs 19 (1): 2132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, Andrew. 2009. “Ukraine’s ‘Orange Revolution’ of 2004: The Paradoxes of Negotiation.” In Civil Resistance and Power Politics: The Experience of Non-Violent Action from Gandhi to the Present, edited by Roberts, Adam and Garton, Timothy, 335353. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Wilson, Sophia. 2017. “Cause Lawyering in Revolutionary Ukraine.” Journal of Law and Courts 5 (2): 267288.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood, Elisabeth Jean. 2003. Insurgent Collective Action and Civil War in El Salvador. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yekelchyk, Serhy. 2015. The Conflict in Ukraine: What Everyone Needs to Know. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Yin, Robert K. 2014. Case Study Research Design and Methods. 5th ed. Thousand Oaks: Sage.Google Scholar
Zelinska, Olga. 2017. “Ukrainian Euromaidan Protest: Dynamics, Causes, and Aftermath.” Sociology Compass 11: 112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar