Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-dh8gc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T04:45:41.110Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Selective laser melting of TiC/H13 steel bulk-form nanocomposites with variations in processing parameters

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 February 2017

Bandar AlMangour*
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
Franklin Yu
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
Jenn-Ming Yang
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
Dariusz Grzesiak
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
*
Address all correspondence to B. AlMangour at [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

TiC/H13 nanocomposite parts were processed by selective laser melting using various energy densities; one part also underwent hot isostatic pressing (HIP). The effect of energy density and HIPing on densification, microstructure, and hardness were evaluated. It was found that the densification was not largely affected by the energy density, but the HIP-treated sample displayed a large improvement in relative density. With increasing energy density, the microstructures showed high levels of dispersion of nanoparticles, while HIP treatment coarsened the microstructure and induced agglomeration. Both HIP treatment and increased energy density lowered hardness markedly; this was likely due to annealing effects.

Type
Research Letters
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Shackelford, J.F. and Alexander, W.: CRC Materials Science and Engineering Handbook (CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2010).Google Scholar
2. Ibrahim, I., Mohamed, F., and Lavernia, E.: Particulate reinforced metal matrix composites—a review. J. Mater. Sci. 26, 11371156 (1991).Google Scholar
3. Tjong, S.C.: Novel nanoparticle-reinforced metal matrix composites with enhanced mechanical properties. Adv. Eng. Mater. 9, 639652 (2007).Google Scholar
4. AlMangour, B., Grzesiak, D., and Yang, J-M.: Nanocrystalline TiC-reinforced H13 steel matrix nanocomposites fabricated by selective laser melting. Mater. Des. 96, 150161 (2016).Google Scholar
5. Pagounis, E., Lindroos, V., and Talvitie, M.: Influence of reinforcement volume fraction and size on the microstructure and abrasion wear resistance of hot isostatic pressed white iron matrix composites. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 27, 41714181 (1996).Google Scholar
6. Akhtar, F.: Microstructure evolution and wear properties of in situ synthesized TiB2 and TiC reinforced steel matrix composites. J. Alloys Compd. 459, 491497 (2008).Google Scholar
7. Jiang, W., and Molian, P.: Nanocrystalline TiC powder alloying and glazing of H13 steel using a CO2 laser for improved life of die-casting dies. Surf. Coat. Technol. 135, 139149 (2001).Google Scholar
8. AlMangour, B., Grzesiak, D., and Yang, J-M.: Selective laser melting of TiC reinforced 316L stainless steel matrix nanocomposites: influence of starting TiC particle size and volume content. Mater. Des. 104, 141151 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9. Hashim, J., Looney, L., and Hashmi, M.: Particle distribution in cast metal matrix composites—Part I. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 123, 251257 (2002).Google Scholar
10. He, F., Han, Q., and Jackson, M.J.: Nanoparticulate reinforced metal matrix nanocomposites-a review. Int. J. Nanopart. 1, 301309 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11. Kumar, S. and Kruth, J-P.: Composites by rapid prototyping technology. Mater. Des. 31, 850856 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12. Gu, D.: Laser Additive Manufacturing (AM): Classification, Processing Philosophy, and Metallurgical Mechanisms. Laser Additive Manufacturing of High-Performance Materials (Springer, New York, 2015), pp. 1571.Google Scholar
13. Frazier, W.E.: Metal additive manufacturing: a review. J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 23, 19171928 (2014).Google Scholar
14. Gibson, I., Rosen, D., and Stucker, B.: Additive Manufacturing Technologies: 3D Printing, Rapid Prototyping, and Direct Digital Manufacturing (Springer, New York, 2014).Google Scholar
15. AlMangour, B. and Yang, J-M.: Improving the surface quality and mechanical properties by shot-peening of 17–4 stainless steel fabricated by additive manufacturing. Mate. Des. 110, 914924 (2016).Google Scholar
16. Bremen, S., Meiners, W., and Diatlov, A.: Selective laser melting. Laser Tech. J. 9, 3338 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17. Campanelli, S.L., Contuzzi, N., Angelastro, A., and Ludovico, A.D.: Capabilities and performances of the selective laser melting process. In New Trends in Technologies: Devices, Computer, Communication and Industrial Systems, edited by Joo, M. Er (InTech, 2010). Available from http://www.intechopen.com/books/new-trends-in-technologies--devicescomputer--communication-and-industrial-systems/capabilities-and-performances-of-the-selective-laser-melting-process Google Scholar
18. Gu, D., Meiners, W., Wissenbach, K., and Poprawe, R.: Laser additive manufacturing of metallic components: materials, processes and mechanisms. Int. Mater. Rev. 57, 133164 (2012).Google Scholar
19. Kruth, J-P., Mercelis, P., Van Vaerenbergh, J., Froyen, L., and Rombouts, M.: Binding mechanisms in selective laser sintering and selective laser melting. Rapid Prototyping J. 11, 2636 (2005).Google Scholar
20. Rombouts, M., Kruth, J-P., Froyen, L., and Mercelis, P.: Fundamentals of selective laser melting of alloyed steel powders. CIRP Ann. Manuf. Technol. 55, 187192 (2006).Google Scholar
21. Roberts, G., Krauss, G., and Kennedy, R.: Tool Steels, 5th ed. (ASM International, USA, 1998), p. 38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22. Atkinson, H. and Davies, S.: Fundamental aspects of hot isostatic pressing: an overview. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 31, 29813000 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23. Simchi, A. and Pohl, H.: Direct laser sintering of iron–graphite powder mixture. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 383, 191200 (2004).Google Scholar
24. Jia, Q. and Gu, D.: Selective laser melting additive manufacturing of TiC/Inconel 718 bulk-form nanocomposites: densification, microstructure, and performance. J. Mater. Res. 29, 19601969 (2014).Google Scholar
25. Niu, H. and Chang, I.: Instability of scan tracks of selective laser sintering of high speed steel powder. Scr. Mater. 41, 12291234 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26. Gu, D., Hagedorn, Y-C., Meiners, W., Wissenbach, K., and Poprawe, R.: Nanocrystalline TiC reinforced Ti matrix bulk-form nanocomposites by Selective Laser Melting (SLM): densification, growth mechanism and wear behavior. Composit. Sci. Technol. 71, 16121620 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
27. Zhong, M. and Liu, W.: Laser surface cladding: the state of the art and challenges. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. C: J. Mech. Eng. Sci. 224, 10411060 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28. Kruth, J-P., Levy, G., Klocke, F., and Childs, T.: Consolidation phenomena in laser and powder-bed based layered manufacturing. CIRP Ann. – Manufac. Technol. 56, 730759 (2007).Google Scholar
29. Gu, D., Wang, H., Dai, D., Yuan, P., Meiners, W., and Poprawe, R.: Rapid fabrication of Al-based bulk-form nanocomposites with novel reinforcement and enhanced performance by selective laser melting. Scr. Mater. 96, 2528 (2015).Google Scholar
30. Dadbakhsh, S. and Hao, L.: Effect of hot isostatic pressing (HIP) on Al composite parts made from laser consolidated Al/Fe 2 O 3 powder mixtures. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 212, 24742483 (2012).Google Scholar