Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7czq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-30T10:51:30.376Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Mechanical finishing and ion beams application to cold working tool steels: consequences for scratch resistance

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 February 2018

Witold Brostow ,
Sven Lohse ,
Allison T. Osmanson ,
Daniel Tobola  and
Duncan L. Weathers
Witold Brostow*
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Advanced Polymers & Optimized Materials (LAPOM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, 3940 North Elm Street, Denton, TX 76207, USA
Sven Lohse
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Advanced Polymers & Optimized Materials (LAPOM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, 3940 North Elm Street, Denton, TX 76207, USA Ion Beam Modification and Analysis Laboratory (IBMAL), Department of Physics, University of North Texas, 210 Avenue A, Denton, TX 76203, USA
Allison T. Osmanson
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Advanced Polymers & Optimized Materials (LAPOM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, 3940 North Elm Street, Denton, TX 76207, USA Ion Beam Modification and Analysis Laboratory (IBMAL), Department of Physics, University of North Texas, 210 Avenue A, Denton, TX 76203, USA
Daniel Tobola
Affiliation:
Institute of Advanced Manufacturing Technology (IAMT), Wrocławska 37a, 30-011 Cracow, Poland
Duncan L. Weathers
Affiliation:
Ion Beam Modification and Analysis Laboratory (IBMAL), Department of Physics, University of North Texas, 210 Avenue A, Denton, TX 76203, USA
*
Address all correspondence to Witold Brostow at [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

We have performed mechanical finishing operations on Sverker 21 (traditional) and Vanadis 6 (advanced powder) steel surfaces: grinding, turning, and turning followed by slide burnishing. Then each specimen was subjected in turn to focused ion beams of helium or krypton up to fluences of 1015 ions/cm2 and finally to scratch resistance testing. Acoustic signals show that krypton implantation reduces microcracks. Helium ions act even more strongly as homogenizers—almost completely eliminating the imperfections. Optical microscopy during scratch testing shows the force level when debris formation begins. Helium ions fitting between the iron atoms increase the resistance against scratching; larger krypton ions produce the opposite effect.

Type
Research Letters
Information
MRS Communications , Volume 8 , Issue 1 , March 2018 , pp. 178 - 182
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Bendikiene, R. and Zvinys, J.: Investigation of transformation plasticity of tempered high chromium steel during quenching. Mater. Sci. Medziagotyra 10, 317 (2004).Google Scholar
2. Dobatkin, S.V., Rybalchenko, O.V., Enikeev, N.A., Tokar, A.A., and Abramova, M.M.: Formation of fully austenitic ultrafine-grained high strength state in metastable Cr–Ni–Ti stainless steel by severe plastic deformation. Mater. Lett. 166, 276–279 (2016).Google Scholar
3. Ambroza, P., Bendikiene, R., and Kavaliauskiene, L.: Submerged arc surfacing of structural steel using metals powder added to flux. In Proc. 5th IASME/WSEAS Int. Conf. on Heat Transfer, Thermal Engineering and Environment, Athens, Greece, 25–27 August 2007, p. 184.Google Scholar
4. Bendikiene, R., Pupelis, E., and Kavaliauskiene, L.: Effects of surface alloying and laser beam treatment on the microstructure and wear behaviour of surfaces modified using submerged metal arc welding. Mater. Sci. Medziagotyra 22, 44 (2016).Google Scholar
5. AlMangour, B., Yu, F., Yang, J.-M., and Grzesiak, D.: Selective laser melting of TiC/H13 steel bulk-form nanocomposites with variations in processing parameters. MRS Commun. 7, 84–89 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6. AlMangour, B., Grzesiak, D., and Yang, J.-M.: Selective laser melting of TiB2/H13 steel nanocomposites: influence of hot isostatic pressing post-treatment. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 244, 344–353 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7. AlMangour, B., Grzesiak, D., and Yang, J.-M.: Nanocrystalline TiC-reinforced H13 steel matrix nanocomposites fabricated by selective laser melting. Mater. Des. 96, 150–161 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8. AlMangour, B. and Yang, J.-M.: Improving the surface quality and mechanical properties by shot-peening of 17–4 stainless steel fabricated by additive manufacturing. Mater. Des. 110, 914–924 (2016).Google Scholar
9. Li, K., Zheng, Q., Li, Ch, Shao, B., Guo, D., Chen, D., Sun, J., Dong, J., Cao, P., and Shin, K.: Characterization of surface modification of 347 stainless steel upon shot peening. Scanning 2017, 1–4 (2017).Google Scholar
10. Jayalakshmi, M., Ramachandra Bhat, B., and Udaya Bhat, K.: Effect of shot peening coverage on surface nanostructuring of 316L stainless steel and its influence on low temperature plasma-nitriding. Mater. Perf. Char. 6, 561–570 (2017).Google Scholar
11. Muñoz Riofano, R.M., Castelitti, L.C., Canale, L.C.F., and Totten, G.E.: Improved wear resistance of P/M tool steel alloy with different vanadium contents after ion nitriding. Wear 265, 57–64 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12. Amorim, F.L., Dalcin, V.A., Soares, P., and Mendes, L.A.: Surface modification of tool steel by electrical discharge machining with molybdenum powder mixed in dielectric fluid. Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 91, 341–350 (2017).Google Scholar
13. Tobola, D., Brostow, W., Czechowski, K., and Rusek, P.: Improvement of wear resistance of some cold working tool steels. Wear 382–383, 29 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14. Brostow, W., Kovacevic, V., Vrsaljko, D., and Whitworth, J.: Tribology of polymers and polymer based composites. J. Mater. Ed. 32, 273–290 (2010).Google Scholar
15. Brostow, W. and Hagg Lobland, H.E.: Materials: Introduction and Applications (John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2017).Google Scholar
16. Ding, Z., Li, B., and Liang, S.Y.: Phase transformation and residual stress of Maraging C250 steel during grinding. Mater. Lett. 154, 37–39 (2015).Google Scholar
17. Rout, B., Dhoubhadel, M.S., Poudel, P.R., Kummari, V.C., Pandey, B., Deoli, N.T., Lakshantha, W.J., Mulware, S.J., Baxley, J., Manuel, J.E., Pacheco, J.L., Szilasi, S., Weathers, D.L., Reinert, T., Glass, G.A., Duggan, J.L., and McDaniel, F.D.: An overview of the facilities, activities, and developments at the University of North Texas Ion Beam Modification and Analysis Laboratory (IBMAL). In AIP Conf. Proc., 2013, 1544, p. 11.Google Scholar
18. Reyes, D., Camacho, M., Camacho, M., Mayorga, M., Weathers, D., Salamo, G., Wang, Z., and Neogi, A.: Laser ablated carbon nanodots for light emission. Nanoscale Res. Lett. 11, 424 (2016).Google Scholar
19. Hanief, M. and Wani, M.F.: Effect of surface roughness on wear rate during running-in of En31-steel: model and experimental validation. Mater. Lett. 176, 91–93 (2016).Google Scholar
20. Yang, H., Fortier, A., Horne, K., Brostow, W., and Hagg Lobland, H.E.: Shape memory metal alloys in the context of teaching smart materials. J. Mater. Ed. 38, 149–156 (2016).Google Scholar
21. Wadley, H.N.G., Scruby, C.B., and Speake, J.H.: Acoustic emission for physical examination of metals. Int. Metal Rev. 2, 41–64 (1980).Google Scholar
22. Brostow, W., Datashvili, T., McCarty, R., and White, J.B.: Copper viscoelasticity manifested in scratch recovery. Mater. Chem. Phys. 124, 371 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23. Zhou, W., He, Y., and Lu, X.: Acoustic emission in scratch processes of metals. Insight 57, 635–642 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24. Desai, R.C. and Kapral, R.: Dynamics of Self-organized and Self-assembled Structures (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York, 2009).Google Scholar
25. Moat, R.J., Stone, H.J., Shirzadi, A.A., Francis, J.A., Kundu, S., Mark, A.F., Bhadesia, H.K.D.H., Karlsson, L., and Withers, P.J.: Design of weld fillers for mitigation of residual stresses in ferritic and austenitic steel welds. Sci. Technol. Welding 16, 279–284 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26. Szymczyk, A.: Poly(trimethylene terephthalate-block-tetramethylene oxide) elastomer/single-walled carbon nanotubes nanocomposites: synthesis, structure, and properties. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 126, 796–807 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
27. de Almeida Prado, L.A.S., Kopyniecka, A., Chandrasekaran, S., Broza, G., Roslaniec, Z., and Schulte, K.: Crystallinity, thermal stability and mechanical properties of thermoplastic elastomer/carbon nanotube nanocomposites. Macromol. Mater. Eng. 298, 359–370 (2013).Google Scholar
28. Michler, G.H. and Balta-Calleja, F.J.: Nano- and Micromechanics of Polymers: Structure Modification and Improvement of Properties (Hanser Publishers, Munich, Cincinnati, 2012).Google Scholar
29. Antonov, M., Hussainova, I., Veinthal, R., and Pirso, J.: Effect of temperature and load on three-body abrasion of cermets and steel. Tribol. Int. 46, 261–268 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
30. Karamboiki, C.-M., Mourlas, A., Psyllaki, P., and Sideris, J.: Influence of microstructure on the sliding wear behavior of nitrocarburized tool steels. Wear 303, 560–568 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
31. Podgornik, B., Majdic, F., Leskovskek, V., and Vizintin, J.: Improving tribological properties of tool steels through combination of deep-cryogenic treatment and plasma nitriding. Wear 288, 88–93 (2012).Google Scholar
32. Staia, M.H., Pérez-Delgado, Y., Sanchez, C., Castro, A., LeBourhis, E., and Puchi-Cabrera, E.S.: Hardness properties and high-temperature wear behavior of nitrided AISID2 tool steel, prior and after PAPVD coating. Wear 267, 1452–1461 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar