Duskin [1, 2] showed that gerbes over a Grothendieck topos E can be interpreted by certain internal groupoids of E which he called bouquets. He proved that for any bouquet B of E the fibred category F ors(B) of B-torsors is a gerbe over E, and conversely that any gerbe G gives rise to a bouquet B satisfying G ≅ F ors(B). We want to give here a somewhat different approach to these results, based on a construction of gerbes given in [3].

In the problem session of the Journées Arithmétiques 1989 in Luminy, Bourgain made the following

Conjecture. Suppose α is an algebraic number of degree d. Assume that for each n∈ ℕ

Then there exists a constant c = c(α) with the following property: given any subspace W of dimension ≤ d − 1 of the d-dimensional ℚ-vector space ℚ(α), the set {n|n∈ℕ,αn∈W} contains fewer than c(α) elements.

Let (A, m) be a (commutative, Noetherian) local ring, and a1, …, an a system of parameters for A. Let M be an A-module. We say that M is a big Cohen-Macaulay module with respect to a1, …, an if a1, …, an, is an M-sequence. In this case we call M balanced if any system of parameters for A is an M-sequence.

The function

has had several applications in the analytic theory of numbers. It was used by Ingham [10] to give a new proof that ζ(1 + iθ) ≠ 0. In [1] we introduced the modern notation on the left above and used τ(n, θ) to show that for almost all n the numbers log d are asymptotically uniformly distributed (mod 1). If we define

then it is known (Hall [2], Kátai[10]) that

(where p.p. means ‘on a sequence of asymptotic density 1’). It is still an open problem whether or not we may strike out the term (log 4/π) = 0.24156 & from the exponent in (3).

In this article we exhibit a method complementary to the method presented in [4], that allows us, at least in some important cases, to obtain exact expressions for the orders of ideal classes of cyclotomic fields in terms of properties of the units of the field. We consider only the particular case in which the classes belong to the p-Sylow subgroup (A)p of the ideal class group of a real p-cyclotomic field, but it appears that the results can be generalized.

As in [2], we define a geometry Γ = (B2, …, Br; *) to be an ordered sequence of r pairwise disjoint non-empty sets Bi together with a symmetric incidence relation * on their union B = B1 ∪ … ∪ Br such that if F is any maximal set of pairwise incident elements (i.e. a maximal flag), then |F ∩ Bi| = 1 for i = 1,…, r. The number r is called the rank of Γ. The geometry Γ is called connected if the r-partite graph (Γ, *) is connected.

Many authors have considered the radicals of semigroup rings of commutative semigroups. A list of the papers pertaining to this field is contained in [4]. In [1] Amitsur proved that, for any associative ring R and for every free commutative semigroup S, the equalities B(RS) = B(R)S and L(RS) = L(R)S hold, where B is the Baer radical and L is the Levitsky radical. A natural problem which arises is to describe semigroup rings RS such that π(RS) = π(R)S, where π is one of the most important radicals. For the Baer and Levitsky radicals and commutative semigroups a complete solution of the above problem follows from theorems 2·8 and 3·1 of [15].

Let U = [{Mi: i ∈ I}; U; {øi: i ∈ I}] be a monoid amalgam of inclusions, i.e. U and each Mi is a monoid, and øi: U → Mi are inclusions. Let be the monoid free product of the amalgam U (see for example [10] for these concepts), and let β: B → H be a homomorphism of monoids. The type of question we seek to answer in this paper is under what conditions (on β, B and H) can we deduce that B is isomorphic to the free product of the amalgam

In this paper we study certain aspects of the problem of analytic continuation of the scattering operator and Eisenstein integral which we introduced in [7, 8, 10], for Kleinian groups Γ with exponent of convergence δ(Γ) ≥ 1. The corresponding problem for groups with δ(Γ) < 1 was examined and solved in [9].

The paper introduces concepts of entropy and asymptotic entropy for finite quasigroups. A quasigroup is abelian if and only if its entropy is maximal. It is a З-quasigroup if and only if its asymptotic entropy is maximal.

Boardman's stable category (see [5]) is a closed category ([4], VII·7), and in the best of all possible worlds, the category of spectra underlying the stable category would be closed as well; this would make life considerably easier for those doing calculations in stable homotopy theory. Unfortunately none of the categories of spectra introduced to date are closed; only S, the category introduced in [2], is even symmetric monoidal. The problem with making S closed is that it comes equipped with an augmentation to I, the category of universes and linear isometries (called Un in [2]), which preserves the symmetric monoidal structure. Since I is not closed, this makes it difficult to see how S might be closed.

For any associative ring A with 1 and any integer n ≥ 1, let GLn A be the group of all invertible n × n matrices over A and EnA the subgroup generated by all elementary matrices aij, where a ∈ A and 1 ≤ i ≠ j ≤ n. When n = 1, the group GL1A is the multiplicative group of A and the group E1A is trivial.

This paper is concerned with certain point-sets T in a projective plane PG (2, q) over GF (q) which have only three characters with respect to the lines. We assume throughout this paper that for any line l of π

where

It is easily seen that if t = 1 then T is a (q + 1)-arc, i.e. an oval; otherwise T is a (q+t, t)-arc of type (0, 2, t). Therefore (q+t, t)-arcs of type (0, 2, t) appear to be a generalization of ovals and there are interesting connections between ovals and (q + t, t)-arcs of type (0, 2, t) from various points of view. Our purpose is to investigate such particular (k, t)-arcs using some ideas of B. Segre developed for ovals in three fundamental papers [16, 17, 18]. For these papers and more recent results in this direction the reader is referred to [6], chapter 10 and [9]. General results concerning (k, n)-arcs may be found in [6], chapter 12; see also [4, 7, 20, 23].

We show that determining the Jones polynomial of an alternating link is #P-hard. This is a special case of a wide range of results on the general intractability of the evaluation of the Tutte polynomial T(M; x, y) of a matroid M except for a few listed special points and curves of the (x, y)-plane. In particular the problem of evaluating the Tutte polynomial of a graph at a point in the (x, y)-plane is #P-hard except when (x − 1)(y − 1) = 1 or when (x, y) equals (1, 1), (−1, −1), (0, −1), (−1, 0), (i, −i), (−i, i), (j, j2), (j2, j) where j = e2πi/3

In this paper A is a commutative noetherian ring, a an ideal of A and the A- modules are given the a-adic topology.

It is a general feeling that completeness is a kind of finiteness condition. We make precise that feeling and, after a result concerning the homology of a complex of complete modules which can be used in place of Nakayama's Lemma, we establish analogies between complete modules and finitely generated ones, with respect to flat dimension, injective dimension, Bass numbers and the Koszul complex. This is particularly clear in the local case, where we have also some partial information on the support of a complete module. With respect to dimension however, the analogy fails, as shown by an example.

Let π:M→B be a horizontally conformal submersion. We give necessary curvature conditions on the manifolds M and B, which lead to non-existence results for certain horizontally conformal maps, and harmonic morphisms. We then classify all such maps between open subsets of Euclidean spaces, which additionally have totally geodesic fibres and are horizontally homothetic. They are orthogonal projections on each connected component, followed by a homothety.

In this paper we study the weak versions of the fibrewise separation axioms for locales over a base locale, whose introduction has been made possible by the development, in a previous paper by the author, of the fibrewise notion of closure for sublocales of locales over a base. We establish the implications which hold between these axioms and the traditional separation axioms for locales, and give counter-examples to show that some of these implications are irreversible.

The local change in an oriented link diagram which replaces by k positive half-twists is called a tk move. For k even, the local change replacing by is called a tk move. For an unoriented diagram define a k-move, replacing by for any k. The following conjecture was stated in [14] and [10].

The aim of this paper is twofold: first, to construct the compact regular coreflection of uniform frames, that is, the frame counterpart of the Samuel compactification of uniform spaces (Samuel [10]), and then to use this for a new description of the completion of a uniform frame, as an alternative to those previously given by Isbell [6] on the one hand and Kříž [8] on the other. In addition, we present a few further results, as well as new proofs of known ones, that are naturally connected with completions and arise particularly easily from our approach to them. Most prominently among these, we identify the uniform space of minimal Cauchy filters of a uniform frame as the spectrum of its completion.

Quantales were first introduced by Mulvey[3] in order to provide a possible setting for constructive foundations for quantum mechanics, as well as a non-commutative analogue of the maximal spectrum of a C*-algebra. Quantales have since been studied by several authors: see [1, 3, 4, 5].