Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T12:23:18.389Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Managerial Knowledge Sharing: The Role of Individual, Interpersonal, and Organizational Factors

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 February 2015

Lin Lu
Affiliation:
Antai School of Management, P.R., China
Kwok Leung
Affiliation:
City University of Hong Kong
Pamela Tremain Koch
Affiliation:
Nanyang Technological University, Singapore

Abstract

This paper describes two studies conducted in the People's Republic of China aimed at improving understanding of knowledge sharing among managers. Study 1 found evidence for the role of two individual factors: greed which reduced knowledge sharing, and self-efficacy which increased it. In addition, co-worker collegiality has an indirect influence on knowledge sharing by lowering greed and raising self-efficacy. Study 2 replicated the key findings of Study 1 and also identified the influence of organizational support on knowledge sharing. Organizational support led to higher utilization of information and communication technologies, resulting in more knowledge sharing, especially for explicit as opposed to implicit knowledge.

摘要

摘要

本文在中国大陆就管理人员的知识共享进行了两项实证研究。研究一结果发现个人层面两种因素的作用:个人的自私贪欲心理会阻碍知识共享,而自我功效感则会促进知识共享行为。此外,同事之间的合作与信任可以降低个人贪欲心、提髙功效感,从而间接推动知识共享。研究二进一步验证了研究一的主要发现,并提出组织对知识共享的支持提高了信息沟通技术的使用率,从而推动知识共享。研究的结果还表明,较之隐性知识,这种影响对显性知识的影响更为显著。

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © International Association for Chinese Management Research 2006

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Almashari, M., Zairi, M. and Alathari, A. (2002). ‘An empirical study of the impact of knowledge management on organization performance’. The Journal of Computer Information Systems, 42, 5, 7482.Google Scholar
Aquino, K. and Reed II., A. (1998). ‘A social dilemma perspective on cooperative behavior in organizations, the effects of scarcity, communication, and unequal access on the use of a shared resource’. Group and Organization Management, 23, 390413.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arbuckle, J. L. (1997). Amos User's Guide Version 3.6. Chicago, IL, SmallWaters Corporation.Google Scholar
Armbrecht, F. M. R. Jr., Chapas, R. B., Chappelow, C. C., Farris, G. F., Friga, P. N., Hartz, C. A., Mcllvaine, M. E., Postle, S. R. and Whitwell, G. E. (2001). ‘Knowledge management in research and development’. Research Technology Management, 44, 4, 2848.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York, Freeman.Google Scholar
Betz, N. E. (1986). ‘Research training in counseling psychology: Have we addressed the real issues?’, Counseling Psychologist, 14, 107–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bock, G. W. and Kim, Y. G. (2002). ‘Breaking the myths of rewards: An exploratory study of attitudes about knowledge sharing’. Information Resources Management Journal, 15, 2, 1421.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bollen, K. A. (1990). ‘Overall fit in covariance structural models: Two types of sample size effects’. Psychological Bulletin, 107, 256–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brand, A. (1998). ‘Knowledge management and innovation at 3M’. Journal of Knowledge Management, 2, 1722.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brewer, M. B. and Kramer, R. M. (1986). ‘Choice behavior in social dilemmas: Effects of social identity, group size, and decision framing’. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 543–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bukowitz, W. R. and Williams, R. L. (1999). The Knowledge Management Fieldbook. Pearson Education, Harlow.Google Scholar
Cabrera, A. and Cabrera, E. F. (2002). ‘Knowledge-sharing dilemmas’. Organization Studies, 23, 687710.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carmines, E. G. and Mclver, J. (1981). ‘Analyzing models with unobserved variables: Analysis of covariance structures’. In Bohrnstedt, G. and Borgatta, E. (Eds.), Social Measurement, Current Issues. Beverly Hills, CA, Sage, (pp. 65115).Google Scholar
Chen, X. P., Au, W. T. and Komorita, S. S. (1996). ‘Sequential choice in a step-level public goods dilemma: The effects of criticality and uncertainty’. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 65, 3747.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chow, C. W., Deng, F.J. and Ho, J. L. (2000). ‘The openness of knowledge sharing within organizations: A comparative study of the United States and the People's Republic of China’. Journal of Management Accounting Research, 12, 6595.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cook, J. and Wall, T. D. (1980). ‘New work attitude measures of trust: Organizational commitment and personal need non-fulfillment’. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 53, 3952.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
d’Aspremont, C., Bhattacharya, S. and Gerard-Varet, L. A. (1998). ‘Knowledge as a public good: Efficient sharing and incentives for development effort’. Journal of Mathematical Economics, 30, 389404.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DAOchina, (2002). KM 2002 China Survey. http://DAOchina.com Knowledge Corporation.Google Scholar
Davenport, T. H., De Long, W. and Beers, M. C. (1998). ‘Successful knowledge management projects’. Sloan Management Review, 39, 4357.Google Scholar
Davenport, T. H., and Prusak, L., (1998). Working Knowledge: How Organizations Manage What They Know. Boston, Harvard Business School Press.Google Scholar
De Cremer, D. (1999). ‘Trust and fear of exploitation in a public goods dilemma’. Current Psychology, 18, 153–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Cremer, D. and van Vugt, M. (1998). ‘Collective identity and cooperation in a public goods dilemma: A matter of trust or self-efficacy?Current Research in Social Psychology, 3, 111.Google Scholar
De Long, D. and Fahey, L. (2000). ‘Diagnosing cultural barriers to knowledge management’. Academy of Management Executive, 14, 4, 113–27.Google Scholar
Dorman, M. (2000). ‘Validation and use of a short form of the university-level environment questionnaire’. Queensland Journal of Educational Research, 16, 3155.Google Scholar
Earley, P. C. (1989). ‘Social loafing and collectivism: A comparison of the United States and the People's Republic of China’. Administrative Science Quarterly, 34, 565–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eisenberger, R., Cummings, J., Armeli, S. and Lynch, P. (1997). ‘Perceived organizational support, discretionary treatment, and job satisfaction’. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82, 812–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Glaser, S. R., Zamanou, S. and Hacker, K. F. (1987). ‘Measuring and interpreting organizational culture’. Management Communication Quarterly, 1, 173–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gupta, A. K. and Govindarajan, V. (2000). ‘Knowledge management's social dimension: Lessons from Nucor Steel’. MIT Sloan Management Review, 42, 1, 7180.Google Scholar
Haldin-Herrgard, T. (2000). ‘Difficulties in diffusion of tacit knowledge in organizations’. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 1, 357–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hansen, M. T. (2002). ‘Knowledge networks, explaining effective knowledge sharing in multiunit companies’. Organization Science, 13, 232–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hittner, J. B., May, K. and Silver, N. C. (2003). ‘A Monte Carlo evaluation of tests for comparing dependent correlations’. The Journal of General Psychology, 130, 2, 149–68.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hofstede, G. H. (1980). Culture's Consequences, International Differences in Work-related Values. Beverly Hills, CA, Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Horn, P. W. and Kinicki, A.J. (2001). ‘Toward a greater understanding of how dissatisfaction drives employee turnover’. Academy of Management Journal, 44, 5, 975–87.Google Scholar
Igbaria, M., Iivari, J. and Maragahh, H. (1995). ‘Why do individuals use computer technology? A Finnish case study’. Information and Management, 29, 227–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jarvenpaa, S. L. and Staples, D. S. (2001). ‘Exploring perceptions of organizational ownership of information and expertise’. Journal of Management Information Systems, 18, 151–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, G. R. and George, J. M. (1998). ‘The experience and evolution of trust: Implications for cooperation and teamwork’. Academy of Management Review, 23, 531–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kollock, P. (1998). ‘Social dilemmas: The anatomy of cooperation’. Annual Review of Sociology, 24, 183214.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Komorita, S. S. and Parks, C. D. (1994). Social Dilemmas. Madison, WI: Brown & Benchmark.Google Scholar
Lent, R. W., Brown, S. D. and Hackett, G. (1994). ‘Toward a unifying social cognitive theory of career and academic interest, choice, and performance’. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 45, 79122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leung, K., Su, S. K. and Morris, M. W. (2001). ‘When is criticism not constructive? The roles of fairness perceptions and dispositional attributions in employee acceptance of critical supervisory feedback’. Human Relations, 54, 1155–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liebowitz, J. (2002). ‘Facilitating innovation through knowledge sharing: A look at the US Naval surface warfare center – cardrock division’. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 42, 16.Google Scholar
Loermans, J. (2002). ‘Synergizing the learning organization and knowledge management’. Journal of Knowledge Management, 6, 285–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marwick, A. D. (2001). ‘Knowledge management technology’. IBM Systems Journal, 40, 4, 814–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maurer, T. J., Pierce, H. R. and Shore, L. M. (2002). ‘Perceived beneficiary of employee development activity: A three-dimensional social exchange model’. Academy of Management Review, 27, 432–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McAllister, D.J. (1995). ‘Affect- and cognition-based trust as foundations for interpersonal cooperation in organizations’. Academy of Management Journal, 38, 2459.Google Scholar
McDermott, R. and O'Dell, C. (2001). ‘Overcoming cultural barriers to sharing knowledge’. Journal of Knowledge Management, 5, 7685.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Messick, D. M. and Brewer, M. B. (1983). ‘Solving social dilemmas: A review’. Review of Personality and Social Psychology, 4, 1144.Google Scholar
Newell, S. J., Scarbrough, S. and Hislop, H. D. (1999). ‘Knowledge management and innovation: Networks and networking’. Journal of Knowledge Management, 3, 262–75.Google Scholar
Nonaka, I. and Takeuchi, H. (1995). The Knowledge-creating Company: How Japanese Companies Create the Dynamics of Innovation. New York, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Peng, K., Nisbett, R. E. and Wong, N. Y. C. (1997). ‘Validity problems comparing values across cultures and possible solutions’. Psychological Methods, 2, 329–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Polanyi, M. (1966). The Tacit Dimension. Garden City, NY, Doubleday.Google Scholar
Rapoport, A. and Eshed-Levy, D. (1989). ‘Provision of step-level public goods: Effects of greed and fear of being gypped’. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 44, 325–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, J. (2000). ‘From know-how to show-how? Questioning the role of information and communication technologies in knowledge transfer’. Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 12, 429–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schulz, M. (2001). ‘Codification and tacitness as knowledge management strategies: An empirical exploration’. Journal of High Technology Management Research, 12, 139–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spicer, M. W. (1985). ‘A public choice approach to motivating people in bureaucratic organizations’. Academy of Management Review, 10, 518–26.Google Scholar
Taylor, W. A. and Wright, G. H. (2004). ‘Organizational readiness for successful knowledge sharing: Challenges for public sector managers’. Information Resources Management Journal, 17, 2237.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Teece, D.J. (1998). ‘Capturing value from knowledge assets: The new economy, markets for know-how, and intangible assets’. California Management Review, 40, 5579.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trethewey, A. and Corman, S. (2001). ‘Anticipating K-commerce’. Management Communication Quarterly, 14, 619–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Buren, M. E. (1999). ‘A yardstick for knowledge management’. Training and Development, 53, 7178.Google Scholar
Yamagishi, T. and Sato, K. (1986). ‘Motivational bases of the public goods problem’. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 6773.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yuan, K. H., Bender, P. M. and Kano, Y. (1997). ‘On averaging variables in a confirmatory factor analysis model’. Behaviormetrika, 24, 7183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zeng, M. and Chen, X. P. (2003). ‘Achieving cooperation in multiparty alliances, A social dilemma approach to partnership management’. Academy of Management Review, 28, 587605.CrossRefGoogle Scholar