This study is concerned with a problem central to comparative politics in a world of new nations pursuing stupendous goals: how, and to what extent, political power—and specifically, legal engineering—may be deliberately used in the revolutionary transformation of societies, especially those we generally call “traditional societies.” It pursues that concern through a study of the interaction between central power and local traditions in one of the peripheral areas of the Soviet land mass, Soviet Central Asia. And it is most especially concerned with the meaning and impact of large, abstract, impersonal political blueprints of great movements and figures when pursued by ordinary men in the small, concrete, and intimate worlds of human relations, on the manipulation of which the achievement of all revolutionary goals ultimately depends.

It has been said that Japan's modernization was the most rapid and striking in Asia and that it was one of the best examples of this process in the world. Although there is considerable truth in this assertion, the modernization process was not completely successful. The defeat of Japan in World War II disclosed many aspects of social, economic, and political life that were not successfully modernized; examples are the patriarchal family system with its patrimonial inheritance patterns, the closed village community structure with a peculiar land-tenure system, the underdeveloped state of labor relations, the rule of the zaibatsu (financial combines based on family ties) in industry and commerce, and the insufficient protection of human rights under the absolutistic Tenno regime.

This paper explores the judgmental process involved in the determination of liability in accident cases. The law of negligence, unlike other branches of the civil law and the criminal law, lacks a body of substantive rules by which a jury may determine the legality of conduct. The acts of one person which may result in property loss or physical injury to another are extremely varied. This variety makes it all but impossible to specify, in advance, what kind of behavior constitutes adequate caution or due care in given situations. Hence, the law has devised a general procedure by which to reach a judgment on this matter for any particular case. It directs the members of the jury to consider what precautions a person should take while engaged in some potentially hazardous endeavor in order to minimize the risk of possible harm to others, and offers a model of behavior “... the supposed conduct, under similar circumstances, of a hypothetical person, the reasonable man of ordinary prudence who represents a community ideal of reasonable behavior.”

It is well established that educational attainment is related to career opportunities. Increasingly, society is requiring highly trained personnel for more complex jobs. A college education is becoming an essential part of the normal preparation for many occupations.