Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 September 2022
1. Football, fútbol, futebol, and soccer are all used throughout the books and in this essay to refer to association football.
2. For example, Alex Bello, Futebol: The Brazilian Way of Life (London: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2002); Eduardo Galeano, Soccer in Sun and Shadow, trans. Mark Fried (London: Verso, 1998); Mário Rodrigues Filho, O negro no futebol brasileiro (Rio de Janeiro: Editora Mauad X, 1947); Chris Taylor, The Beautiful Game: A Journey through Latin American Football (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1998).
3. See Charles Tilly, Coercion, Capital, and European States: AD 990–1992, rev. ed. (New York: Wiley-Blackwell, 1992); and for Latin America, Miguel Angel Centeno, Blood and Debt: War and the Nation-State in Latin America (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press).
4. See Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities, rev. ed. (London: Verso, 1991).
5. See Jerry Dávila, Diploma of Whiteness: Race and Social Policy in Brazil, 1917–1945 (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2003); and Edward E. Telles, Race in Another America: The Significance of Skin Color in Brazil (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2004).
6. Gilberto Freyre, Casa-grande e senzala (Rio de Janeiro: Maia e Schmidt, 1933); José Vasconcelos, La raza cósmica (Madrid: Agencia Mundial de Librería, 1925).
7. For more on the use of the stadium by the Chilean repressive apparatus, see Thomas Wright, State Terrorism in Latin America: Chile, Argentina, and International Human Rights (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2006).
8. For more on the wide range of immigrant groups to Latin America, see Jeffrey Lesser, Negotiating National Identity: Immigrants, Minorities, and the Struggle for Ethnicity in Brazil (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1999).
9. For the most compelling argument on the role of the homeland in national identity, see Walker Connor, Ethnonationalism: The Quest for Understanding (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1993).