Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-94fs2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-04T19:51:58.820Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of temperature and feeding regime on food consumption, growth, gonad production and quality of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 October 2015

Chong Zhao ,
Wenping Feng ,
Jing Wei ,
Lisheng Zhang ,
Ping Sun  and
Yaqing Chang
Chong Zhao
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
Wenping Feng
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
Jing Wei
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
Lisheng Zhang
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
Ping Sun
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
Yaqing Chang*
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: Y. Chang, Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China email: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Water temperature is one of the most important factors greatly affecting the aquaculture of sea urchins. However, no information is available on how to improve commercial traits of sea urchins reared at high water temperature. Here, we investigated the effects of water temperature and feeding regime on food consumption, growth, gonad production, gametogenesis and gonad quality of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius. We found that high water temperature (22°C) significantly decreased dried food consumption and gonad production of S. intermedius, but not the somatic growth. The feeding regime of formulated feed and kelp has direct application potential in S. intermedius aquaculture, especially at field temperature. Feeding kelp alone is not effective in supporting growth and gonad production for S. intermedius cultured at high water temperature. This finding greatly challenges the current commonly used feeding regime (feeding macroalgae only) for S. intermedius cultured at high water temperature. Based on the current results, we suggest the feeding regimes of formulated feed and kelp or formulated feed alone for S. intermedius aquaculture at high water temperature. The present study provides new information for aquaculture of S. intermedius at high temperature and for production out of season.

Keywords

Sea urchinStrongylocentrotus intermediushigh temperaturefeeding regimegonadaquaculture
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 96 , Issue 1: Oceans and Human Health , February 2016 , pp. 185 - 195
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Agatsuma, Y. (2013) Strongylocentrotus intermedius. In Lawrence, J.M. (ed.) Edible sea urchins: biology and ecology. Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp. 437–447.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Azad, A.K., Pearce, C.M. and McKinley, R.S. (2011) Effects of diet and temperature on ingestion, absorption, assimilation, gonad yield, and gonad quality of the purple sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus). Aquaculture 317, 187–196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brothers, C.J. and McClintock, J.B. (2015) The effects of climate-induced elevated seawater temperature on the covering behavior, righting response, and Aristotle's lantern reflex of the sea urchin Lytechinus variegates. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 467, 133–138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chang, Y., Ding, J., Song, J. and Yang, W. (2004) Biology and aquaculture of sea cucumbers and sea urchins. Beijing: Ocean Press [in Chinese].Google Scholar
Chang, Y.Q., Lawrence, J.M., Cao, X.B. and Lawrence, A.L. (2005) Food consumption, absorption, assimilation and growth of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius fed a prepared feed and the alga Laminuriu juponicu. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 36, 68–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, Z., Shi, M., Wang, Q. and Zhang, X. (2008) Protein content measurement of food using the method of Kjeldahl determination. Animal Husbandry Xinjiang 5, 22–24 [in Chinese].Google Scholar
Garrido, C.L. and Barber, B.J. (2001) Effects of temperature and food ration on gonad growth and oogenesis of the green sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis. Marine Biology 138, 447–456.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gibbs, V.K., Watts, S.A. and Lawrence, A.L. (2007) Effect of temperature on gamete production and biochemical composition of gonads in the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus. Gulf of Mexico Science 25, 119–130.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hokkaido Central Fisheries Experimental Station, Shiribeshihokubu Fisheries Extension Office, Hokkaido Institute of Mariculture (1984) On the nature seeds collection, intermediate culture and release of the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus intermedius. Hokusuishi Geppo 41, 270–350 [in Japanese].Google Scholar
James, P. and Siikavuopio, S. (2011) A guide to the sea urchin reproductive cycle and staging sea urchin gonad samples. Nofima. ISBN: 978-82-7251-976-5.Google Scholar
James, P.J., Heath, P. and Unwin, M.J. (2007) The effects of season, temperature and initial gonad condition on roe enhancement of the sea urchin Evechinus chloroticus. Aquaculture 270, 115–131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
James, P.J. and Heath, P.L. (2008) The effects of season, temperature and photoperiod on the gonad development of Evechinus chloroticus. Aquaculture 285, 67–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lares, M.T. and Pomory, C.M. (1998) Use of body components during starvation in Lytechinus variegatus (Lamarck) (Echinodermata: Echinoidea). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 225, 99–106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lawrence, J.M., Cao, X.B., Chang, Y.Q., Wang, P., Yu, Y., Lawrence, A.L. and Watts, S.A. (2009) Temperature effect of feed consumption, absorption, and assimilation efficiencies and production of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius. Journal of Shellfish Research 28, 389–395.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lawrence, J.M., Chang, Y.Q., Cao, X.B., Lawrence, A.L. and Watts, S.A. (2011) Potential for production of uni by Strongylocentrotus intermedius using dry formulated feeds. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 42, 253–260.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lemoine, N.P. and Burkepile, D.E. (2012) Temperature-induced mismatches between consumption and metabolism reduce consumer fitness. Ecology 93, 2483–2489.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McBride, S.C., Pinnix, W.D., Lawrence, J.M., Lawrence, A.L. and Mulligan, T.M. (1997) The effect of temperature on production of gonads by the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus franciscanus fed natural and prepared diets. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 28, 357–365.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McBride, S.C., Price, R.J., Tom, P.D., Lawrence, J.M. and Lawrence, A.L. (2004) Comparison of gonad quality factors: color, hardness and resilience of Strongylocentrotus franciscanus between sea urchins fed prepared feed or algal diets and sea urchins harvested from the Northern California fishery. Aquaculture 233, 405–422.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pearce, C.M., Daggett, T.L. and Robinson, S.M.C. (2002) Effect of protein source ratio and protein concentration in prepared diets on gonad yield and quality of the green sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis. Aquaculture 214, 307–332.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Phillips, K., Bremer, P. and Silcock, P. (2009) Effect of gender, diet and storage time on the physical properties and sensory quality of sea urchin (Evechinus chloroticus) gonads. Aquaculture 288, 205–215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ren, C., Tian, Y. and Liang, S. (2007) Technical innovation of paraffin slice for HE staining in animal tissues. Journal of the Hebei North University (Natural Science Edition) 23, 41–45 [in Chinese with English abstract].Google Scholar
Shpigel, M., McBride, S.C., Marciano, S., Ron, S. and Ben-Amotz, A. (2005) Improving gonad colour and somatic index in the European sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. Aquaculture 245, 101–109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Siikavuopio, S., James, P., Lysne, H., Sæther, B., Samuelsen, T. and Mortensen, A. (2012) Effects of size and temperature on growth and feed conversion of juvenile green sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis). Aquaculture 354–355, 27–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Siikavuopio, S.I., Christiansen, J.S. and Dale, T. (2006) Effects of temperature and season on gonad growth and feed intake in the green sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis). Aquaculture 255, 389–394.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Siikavuopio, S.I., Mortensen, A. and Christiansen, J.S. (2008) Effects of body weight and temperature on feed intake, gonad growth and oxygen consumption in green sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis. Aquaculture 281, 77–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spirlet, C., Grosjean, P. and Jangoux, M. (2000) Optimization of gonad growth by manipulation of temperature and photoperiod in cultivated sea urchins, Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck) (Echinodermata). Aquaculture 185, 85–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stone, D., Bansemer, M., Lange, M., Schaefer, E., Howarth, G. and Harris, J. (2014) Dietary intervention improves the survival of cultured greenlip abalone (Haliotis laevigata Donovan) at high water temperature. Aquaculture 430, 230–240.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uthicke, S., Liddy, M., Nguyen, H.D. and Byrne, M. (2014) Interactive effects of near-future temperature increase and ocean acidification on physiology and gonad development in adult Pacific sea urchin, Echinometra sp. A. Coral Reefs 33, 831–845.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watts, S.A., Hofer, S.C., Desmond, R.A., Lawrence, A.L. and Lawrence, J.M. (2011) The effect of temperature on feeding and growth characteristics of the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus fed a formulated feed. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 397, 188–195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhao, C., Zhang, W.J., Chang, Y.Q., Zhou, H.S., Song, J. and Luo, S.B. (2013) Effects of continuous and diel intermittent feeding regimes on food consumption, growth and gonad production of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius of different size classes. Aquaculture International 21, 699–708.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhao, X. ed. (2015) China fishery statistical yearbook 2014. Beijing: China Agriculture Press [in Chinese].Google Scholar
Zhu, J.L. (2005) Study on the rapid detection of water stability in aquatic feed. Master thesis. Jiangnan University.Google Scholar