Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2brh9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T00:03:11.778Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Outcomes for Young Children's Social Status from Playing Group Games: Experiences from a Primary School in Hong Kong

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 April 2015

Sylvia Liu
Affiliation:
University of Hong Kong, China
Mantak Yuen*
Affiliation:
University of Hong Kong, China
Nirmala Rao
Affiliation:
University of Hong Kong, China
*
Address for correspondence: Mantak Yuen, Centre for Advancement in Inclusive and Special Education, Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China. Email: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

This exploratory study involved a structured group-games intervention to develop first-grade students’ social competence. The effects were evaluated by assessing possible outcomes for the children's social status. A sample of 119 first-grade, mixed-ability students from a Hong Kong primary school participated in the sessions (63 boys, 56 girls: mean age 74 months). Sessions were led by trained parent-volunteers and involved a 60-minute session each week for 8 weeks in the children's own classrooms. Peer nominations were used before and after intervention to assess participants’ social status under five possible categories ― popular, rejected, controversial, neglected and average. Improvement in children's social awareness and social status was noted following the intervention. Children's competence in playing group games was found to be positively correlated with their social acceptance. The findings support the value of early social intervention in classrooms as a practical way for preparing first-grade students for primary school life.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s) 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Algozzine, B., & Algozzine, K. (2005). Building school-wide behavior interventions that really work. In Clough, P. & Garner, P. (Eds.). Handbook of emotional and behavioral difficulties (pp. 273284). London & Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Barbu, S., Cabanes, G., & Le Maner-Idrissi, G. (2011) Boys and girls on the playground: Sex differences in social development are not stable across early childhood. PLoS ONE, 6, 17. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016407Google Scholar
Bloomquist, M. (2013). Skills training for struggling kids: Promoting your child's behavioral, emotional, academic, and social development. New York, NY: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Broadhead, P. (2006). Developing an understanding of young children's learning through play: The place of observation, interaction and reflection. British Educational Research Journal, 32, 191207. doi:10.1080/01411920600568976Google Scholar
Bukowski, W.M., Cillessen, A.H.N., & Velasquez, A.M. (2012). Peer ratings. In Laursen, B., Little, T.D., & Card, N.A. (Eds.), Handbook of developmental research methods (pp. 211228). New York, NY: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Caldarella, P., Adams, M.B., Valentine, S.B., & Young, K. (2009). Evaluation of a mentoring program for elementary school students at risk for emotional and behavioral disorders. New Horizons in Education, 57, 116.Google Scholar
Caldwell, S., & Pianta, R.C. (1991). A measure of young children's problem and competence behaviours: The early school behaviour rating scale. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 9, 3244.Google Scholar
Chang, L. (2003). Variable effects of children's aggression, social withdrawal, and prosocial leadership as functions of teacher beliefs and behaviors. Child Development, 74, 535548. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.7402014Google Scholar
Chang, L., Liu, H., Fung, K.Y., Yan, W., Wen, Z.W., Li, H., & Farver, J.M. (2007). The mediating and moderating effects of teacher preference on the relations between students’ social behaviors and peer acceptance. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 53, 603630.Google Scholar
Chen, Q., & Jiang, Y. (2002). Special issue: Social competence and behavior problems in Chinese preschoolers. Early Education and Development, 13, 171186.Google Scholar
Chen, X., Chang, L., & He, Y. (2003). The peer group as a context: Mediating and moderating effects on relations between academic achievement and social functioning in Chinese children. Child Development, 74, 710727. doi: 10.1111/1467-8624.00564Google Scholar
Chen, X., He, Y., & Li, D. (2004). Self-perceptions of social competence and self-worth in Chinese children: Relations with social and school performance. Social Development, 13, 570589. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9507.2004.00284.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, X., Huang, X., Chang, L., Wang, L., & Li, D. (2010). Aggression, social competence, and academic achievement in Chinese children: A 5-year longitudinal study. Development and Psychopathology, 22, 583592. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579410000295CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chen, X., Liu, H., Chang, L., & He, Y. (2008). Effects of the peer group on the development of social functioning and academic achievement: A longitudinal study in Chinese children. Child Development, 79, 235251. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01123.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cillessen, A.H.N. (2009). Sociometric methods. In Reis, H. & Sprecher, S. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of human relationships (pp. 15851587). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412958479.n521Google Scholar
Cillessen, A.H.N. (2011). Sociometric methods. In Rubin, K.H., Bukowski, W.M., & Laursen, B. (Eds.), Handbook of peer interactions, relationships, and groups (pp. 8299). New York, NY: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Cohen, R., Duncan, M., & Cohen, S.L. (1994). Classroom peer relations of children participating in a pull-out enrichment program. Gifted Child Quarterly, 38, 3337. doi:10.1177/001698629403800105Google Scholar
Coie, J. D., Dodge, K. A., & Coppotelli, H. (1982). Dimensions and types of social status: A cross-age perspective. Developmental Psychology, 18, 557570.Google Scholar
Coie, J.D., & Dodge, K.A. (1983). Continuities and changes in children's social status: A five-year longitudinal study. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly: Journal of Developmental Psychology, 29, 261282.Google Scholar
Cook, J.L., & Cook, G. (2009). Similarities and differences between boys and girls. In Child Development Principles and Perspectives (pp. 362363). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.Google Scholar
Crick, N.R., & Dodge, K.A. (1994). A review and reformulation of social information-processing mechanisms in children's social adjustment. Psychological Bulletin, 115, 74101. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.115.1.74Google Scholar
Crick, N.R., & Ladd, G.W. (1990). Nominator attrition: Does it affect the accuracy of children's sociometric classifications? Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 35, 197207.Google Scholar
Csoti, M. (2009). Developing children's social, emotional, and behavioural skills. London & New York: Continuum.Google Scholar
Eccles, J. (1999). The development of children ages 6–14. The Future of Children, 9, 3044. Retrieved May 10, 2014, from http://www.princeton.edu/futureofchildren/publications/journals/article/index.xml?journalid=48&articleid=232&sectionid=1518Google Scholar
Erath, S.A., Pettit, G.S., Dodge, K.A., & Bates, J.E. (2009), Who dislikes whom, and for whom does it matter: Predicting aggression in middle childhood. Social Development, 18, 577596. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9507.2008.00497.xGoogle Scholar
Erikson, E.H. (1977). Toys and reasons: Stages in the ritualization of experience. New York: Norton.Google Scholar
Estes, R.J. (2005). Social development in Hong Kong: The unfinished agenda. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Fabian, H., & Dunlop, A.W. (Eds.). (2002). Transitions in the early years — Debating continuity and progression for young children in early education. London, New York: Routledge/Falmer.Google Scholar
Fisher, W., Piazza, C., & Roane, H. (2011). Handbook of applied behavior analysis. New York: Guilford Press. Retrieved May 5, 2014, from http://www.myilibrary.com.eproxy1.lib.hku.hk?ID=316869Google Scholar
Fleer, M. (2013). Play in the early years. Melbourne, Australia: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Frost, J.L., Wortham, S.C., & Reifel, S. (2005). Play and child development (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Greene, M.L., Hariton, J.R., Robins, A.L., & Flye, B.L. (2011). Children's social competence: Theory and intervention. Hauppauge, New York: Nova Science Publishers.Google Scholar
Guralnick, M.J. (2011). Why early intervention works: A systems perspective. Infants Young Child, 24, 628. doi:10.1097/IYC.0b013e3182002cfe.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hill, D.K., & Merrell, K.W. (2004). Characteristics of ‘controversial’ children: An exploration of teacher and parent social behavior rating scale data sets. Psychology in the Schools, 41, 497507.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hirsh-Pasek, K., & Golinkoff, R. (2004). Play is under siege: A doll can expand a child's mind in a way that a flashcard can’t. USA Today, 4, 1214.Google Scholar
Hong Kong Census and Statistics Department. (2012). Census of household: Domestic households and average domestic household size 1991, 1996, 2001, 2006, 2011. Retrieved March 10, 2013, from http://www.censtatd.gov.hk/hkstat/sub/sp170.jsp?productCode=B1120059Google Scholar
Hong Kong Department of Health. (2014). Report of advisory group on health effects of use of Internet and electronic screen products. Retrieved July 8, 2014, from http://www.studenthealth.gov.hk/english/internet/health_effects.htmlGoogle Scholar
Hong Kong Education Bureau. (2006). Quality Education Fund: Pillars of Society Project. Retrieved July 20, 2014, from http://qcrc.qef.org.hk/search1.php?action=projectdetails&basetype=s_01&pid=5356Google Scholar
Hong Kong Education Bureau. (2014a). Overview of kindergarten education in Hong Kong. Retrieved November 2, 2014, from http://www.edb.gov.hk/en/edu-system/preprimary-kindergarten/overview/index.htmlGoogle Scholar
Hong Kong Education Bureau. (2014b). Education reform highlights in September 2000 and progress report on the education reform in December 2006. Retrieved April 25, 2014, from http://www.edb.gov.hk/en/about-edb/policy/edu-reform/index.htmlGoogle Scholar
Hui, E.P., & Chau, T. (2009). The impact of a forgiveness intervention with Hong Kong Chinese children hurt in interpersonal relationships. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 37, 141156. doi:10.1080/03069880902728572Google Scholar
Kjøbli, J., & Sørlie, M. (2008). School outcomes of a community-wide intervention model aimed at preventing problem behavior. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 49, 365375. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9450.2008.00648.xGoogle Scholar
Ladd, G.W. (2005). Children's peer relations and social competence. A century of progress. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Lak, D.C., Tsang, H.H., Kopelowicz, A., & Liberman, R.P. (2010). Outcomes of the Chinese basic conversation skill module (CBCSM) for people with schizophrenia having mild to moderate symptoms and dysfunction in Hong Kong. International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, 14, 137144. doi:10.3109/13651500903569613CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lane, K.L., Wehby, J.H., Robertson, E.J., & Rogers, L.A. (2007). How do different types of high school students respond to schoolwide positive behavior support programs? Characteristics and responsiveness of teacher-identified students. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 15, 320.Google Scholar
Leadbeater, B.J., & Hoglund, W.L.G. (2009). The effects of peer victimization and physical aggression on changes in internalizing from first to third grade. Child Development, 80, 843859. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01301.xGoogle Scholar
Leung, C.H. (2010). An experimental study of eduplay and social competence among preschool students in Hong Kong. Early Child Development and Care, 181, 535548.Google Scholar
Ma, H.K., Shek, D.T.L., Ping, C.C., & Bun, C.O. (2000). Parental, peer, and teacher influences on the social behavior of Hong Kong Chinese adolescents. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 161, 6578.Google Scholar
Macintyre, C., & McVitty, K. (2003). Planning the pre-5 setting: Practical ideas and activities for the nursery. London: David Fulton.Google Scholar
Margolin, S. (2001). Interventions for nonaggressive peer-rejected children and adolescents: A review of the literature. Children & Schools, 23 (3), 143159.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mayer, M., Lavergne, C., Tourigny, M., & Wright, J. (2007). Characteristics differentiating neglected children from other reported children. Journal of Family Violence, 22, 721732. doi:10.1007/s10896-007-9120-0Google Scholar
McClelland, M.M., Morrison, F.J., & Holmes, D.L. (2000). Children at risk for early academic problems: The role of learning-related social skills. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 15, 307329.Google Scholar
Newcomb, A.F., Bukowski, W.M., & Pattee, L. (1993). Children's peer relations: A meta-analytic review of popular, rejected, neglected, controversial, and average sociometric status. Psychological Bulletin, 113, 99128. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.113.1.99Google Scholar
Newton, E., & Jenvey, V. (2011). Play and theory of mind: Associations with social competence in young children. Early Child Development and Care, 181, 761773. doi:10.1080/03004430.2010.486898Google Scholar
Ng, G., Chao, Hui, G., , A.Hong Kong Baptist University, & Playright Children's Play Association. (2003). Investigating school recess & play. Hong Kong: Playright Children's Play Association.Google Scholar
Palmen, H., Vermande, M.M., Dekovic, M., & van Aken, M.A.G. (2011). Competence, problem behavior, and the effects of having no friends, aggressive friends, or nonaggressive friends: A four-year longitudinal study. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 57, 186213.Google Scholar
Papalia, D.E., Olds, S.W., Feldman, R.D., & Martorell, G. (2012). Experience human development. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Parker, J.G., & Asher, S.R. (1987). Peer relations and later personal adjustment: Are low-accepted children at risk? Psychological Bulletin, 102, 357389. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.102.3.357Google Scholar
Parton, C., & Manby, M. (2009). The contribution of group work programmes to early intervention and improving children's emotional well-being. Pastoral Care in Education, 27, 519. doi:10.1080/02643940902731823Google Scholar
Pellegrini, A., Kato, K., Blatchford, P., & Baine, E. (2002). A short-term longitudinal study of children's playground games across the first year of school: Implications for social competence and adjustment to school. American Educational Research Journal, 39, 9911015.Google Scholar
Piaget, J. (1970). The science of education and the psychology of the child. New York: Grossman.Google Scholar
Plummer, D.M. (2008). Social skills games for children. London & Philadelphia: Jessica Kingsley.Google Scholar
Powdrill, L.A. (2004). Relations between children's social status and self-perceptions of both academic and social competence. University of Texas at Austin. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses.Google Scholar
Rao, N., & Li, H. (2009). ‘Eduplay’: Beliefs and practices related to play and learning in Chinese kindergarten. In Pramling-Samuelsson, I. & Fleer, M. (Eds.), Play and learning in early childhood settings. New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Renzulli, J., & Reis, S. (2008). Enriching curriculum for all students (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.Google Scholar
Resiliency Resource Centre. (2011). Social skills. Retrieved January 18, 2011, from http://www.embracethefuture.org.au/resiliency/index.htmGoogle Scholar
Rodkin, P.C., Ryan, A.M., Jamison, R., & Wilson, T. (2013). Social goals, social behavior, and social status in middle childhood. Developmental Psychology, 49, 11391150. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0029389Google Scholar
Ross, A.G., Shochet, I.M., & Bellair, R. (2010). The role of social skills and school connectedness in preadolescent depressive symptoms. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 39, 269275. doi:10.1080/15374410903532692Google Scholar
Savina, E. (2014). Does play promote self-regulation in children? Early Child Development and Care, 184, 16921705. doi:10.1080/03004430.2013.875541CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwartz, D., Chang, L., & Farver, J.M. (2001). Correlates of victimization in Chinese children's peer groups. Developmental Psychology, 37, 520532.Google Scholar
Schwartz, D., Tom, S., & Chang, L. (2010). Popularity and acceptance as distinct dimensions of social standing for Chinese children in Hong Kong. Social Development, 19, 681697.Google Scholar
Shek, D.T.L., Tang, V., & Lo, C.Y. (2009). Evaluation of an internet addiction treatment program for Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong. Adolescence, 44, 359373.Google Scholar
Stephens, T.M. (1992). Social skills in the classroom (2nd ed.). Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.Google Scholar
Sun, R.C.F., & Shek, D.T.L. (2010). Life satisfaction, positive youth development, and problem behaviour among Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong. Social Indicators Research, 95, 455474. doi:10.1007/s11205-009-9531-9Google Scholar
Thomas, S.P., & Smith, H. (2004). School connectedness, anger behaviors, and relationships of violent and nonviolent American youth. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 40, 135148.Google Scholar
Tong, A., & Zhan, K. (2012). Supporting social competence among secondary students in Hong Kong: Teachers’ beliefs about school-wide interventions. International Journal of Special Education, 27, 148157.Google Scholar
VanTassel-Baska, J. (2011). Thematic workshop: Key essentials of curriculum development for the gifted. Hong Kong: Teacher Professional Development, The Hong Kong Academy for Gifted Education.Google Scholar
Vygotsky, L.S. (1978). Mind and society: The development of higher mental processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Xu, Y., Farver, J.A.M., Yang, Y., & Zeng, Q. (2008). Chinese children's conceptions of shyness: A prototype approach. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 54, 515544.Google Scholar
Yip, C. (1999). A study on play pattern of primary school children in Hong Kong. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Playright Children's Playground Association.Google Scholar