Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T11:39:30.529Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

An Intervention Targetting Hopelessness in Adolescents by Promoting Positive Future Images

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 February 2016

Jennifer M Gidley*
Affiliation:
Lismore District, NSW
*
School of Social and Workplace Development, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, 2480, Email: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

This paper presents some ground-work for the development of a new theoretical approach which has the potential to contribute to primary prevention of suicide in adolescents by targetting hopelessness. Drawing on the extensive psychological literature which has linked hopelessness with depression and suicide risk for decades, the author notes that although there is a strong research and clinical base for targetting depression, there is a gap in the psychological literature when it comes to targetting hopelessness, specifically. Looking beyond the psychology field to the futures studies research field, the author draws links between the psychology research that does exist and the youth futures research which correlates rising youth suicide rates with growing fears and negativity of young people towards the future. Based on this new theoretical perspective, an intervention has been developed and is detailed here which attempts to reduce hopelessness in adolescents by promoting more positive images of the future.

Type
Research papers
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2001

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abramson, I. Y., Seligman, M. E., & Teasdale, J. (1978). Learned Helplessness in Humans: Critique and Reformulation. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 87, 4974.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Abramson, L., Metalsky, G., & Alloy, L. (1989). Hopelessness Depression: A Theory-Based Subtype of Depression. Psychological Review, 96(2), 358372.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alford, B., Lester, J., Patel, R., Buchanan, J., & Giunta, L. (1995). Hopelessness Predicts Future Depressive Symptoms: A Prospective Analysis of Cognitive Vulnerability and Cognitive Content Specificity. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 51(3), 331339.3.0.CO;2-T>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bashir, M., & Bennett, D. (Eds.). (2000). Deeper Dimensions: Culture, Youth and Mental Health. Parramatta: Transcultural Mental Health Centre.Google Scholar
Beck, A., Brown, G., Berchick, R., Stewart, B., & Steer, R. (1990). Relationship Between Hopelessness and Ultimate Suicide: A Replication with Psychiatric Outpatients. American Journal of Psychiatry, 147(2), 190195.Google ScholarPubMed
Beck, A., Steer, R., Kovacs, M., & Garrison, B. (1985). Hopelessness and Eventual Suicide: a 10-Year Prospective Study of Patients Hospitalized with Suicidal Ideation. American Journal of Psychiatry, 142(5), 559563.Google ScholarPubMed
Beck, A., T., (1976). Cognitive Therapy and the Emotional Disorders. New York: International Universities Press Inc.Google Scholar
Beck, A., Weissman, A., Lester, D., & Trexler, L. (1974). The Measurement of Pessimism: The Hopelessness Scale. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42(6), 861865.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beck, A. T. (1972). The Phenomena of Depression: A Synthesis. In Offer, D. & Freeman, D. X. (Eds.), Modern Psychiatry and Clinical Research (pp. 136158). New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Beck, A. T., Kovacs, M., & Weissman, A. (1975). Hopelessness and Suicidal Behaviour: An Overview. JAMA(234), 11361139.Google ScholarPubMed
Boulding, E. (1988). Image and Action in Peace Building. Journal of Social Issues, 44(2), 1737.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Craig, A. R., Franklin, J. A., & Andrews, G. (1984). A Scale to Measure Locus of Control of Behaviour (pp. 1724): The British Psychological Society.Google ScholarPubMed
Eckersley, R. (1995). Values and visions: Youth and the failure of modern Western culture. Youth Studies Australia, 14(1), 1321.Google Scholar
Eckersley, R. (1996). Having our Say about the Future: Young People's Dreams and Expectations for Australia in 2010 and the Role of Science and Technology.: Australian Science and Technology Council.Google Scholar
Enns, M., Inayatulla, M., Cox, B., & Cheyne, L. (1997). Prediction of Suicide Intent in Aboriginal and Non-aboriginal Adolescent Inpatients: A Research Note. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behaviour, 27(2), 218224.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gidley, J. (1997). Imagination and Will in Youth Visions of their Futures: Prospectivity and Empowerment in Steiner Educated Adolescents. Unpublished Masters Research, Southern Cross University, Lismore.Google Scholar
Gidley, J. (1998a). Adolescent Dreams (and Nightmares) about the Future: Indicators of Mental Health and Ill-Health. Paper presented at the Making Waves: Country to Coast Expertise, Innovation and Diversity, NSW Rural Mental Health Conference, Ballina, 2427 February 1998.Google Scholar
Gidley, J. (1998b). Prospective Youth Visions through Imaginative Education. Futures, 30(5), 395408.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gidley, J. (Unpublished). Positive and Negative Future Concepts and Hopelessness in Adolescents: a Pilot Study.Google Scholar
Gidley, J., & Inayatullah, S. (In Press). Youth Futures: Comparative Research and Transformative Visions. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger.Google Scholar
Hart, S. (In Press). Rural Visions of the Future: Futures in a Social Science Class. In Gidley, J. & Inayatullah, S. (Eds.), Youth Futures: Comparative Research and Transformative Visions. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger.Google Scholar
Head, S. (In Press). I Don't Care about the Future (if I Can't Influence it). In Gidley, J. & Inayatullah, S. (Eds.), Youth Futures: Comparative Research and Transformative Visions. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger.Google Scholar
Hicks, D. (1995). Envisioning the future: The challenge for environmental educators. Environmental Education Research, 1(3), 19.Google Scholar
Houston, D. (1995). Vulnerability to Depressive Mood Reactions: Retesting the Hopelessness Model of Depression. British Journal of Social Psychology, 34, 293302.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hutchinson, F. (1996). Educating Beyond Violent Futures. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Inayatullah, S. (1990). Deconstructing and reconstructing the future: Predictive, cultural and critical epistemologies. Futures, 22(2), 115141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Inayatullah, S., & Wildman, P. (1998). Futures Studies: Methods, Emerging Issues and Civilizational Visions. A Multi-Media CD ROM. Brisbane: Prosperity Press.Google Scholar
Johnson, J., & McCutcheon, S. (1981). Correlates of Adolescent Pessimism: A Study of the Beck Hopelessness Scale. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 10(2), 169172.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Joiner, T., & Wagner, K. (1995). Attributional Style and Depression in Children and Adolescents: A Meta-Analytical Review. Clinical Psychology Review, 15(8), 777798.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kashani, J., Dandoy, A., & Reid, J. (1992). Hopelessness in children and adolescents. Acta Paedopsychiatrica, 55, 3339.Google ScholarPubMed
Kumar, G., & Steer, R. (1995). Psychosocial Correlates of Suicidal Ideation in Adolescent Psychiatric Inpatients. Suicide and Life-threatening Behaviour, 25(3), 339346.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Masini, E. (1993). Why Future Studies? London: Grey Seal.Google Scholar
Mazza, J., & Reynolds, W. (1998). A Longitudinal Investigation of Depression, Hopelessness, Social Support, and Major and Minor Life Events and their Relation to Suicidal Ideation in Adolescents. Suicide and Life-threatening Behaviour, 28(4), 358374.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McLaughlin, J.-A., Miller, P., & Warwick, H. (1996). Deliberate Self-Harm in Adolescents: Hopelessness, Depression, Problems and Problem-solving. Journal of Adolescence, 19, 523532.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Metalsky, G., & Joiner, T. (1992). Vulnerability to Depressive Symptomatology: A Prospective Test of the Diathesis-Stress and Causal Mediation Components of the Hopelessness Theory of Depression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63(4), 667675.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Metalsky, G., Joiner, T., Hardin, T., & Abramson, L. (1993). Depressive Reactions to Failure in a Naturalistic Setting: A Test of the Hopelessness and Self-Esteem Theories of Depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 102(1), 101109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mitchell, P. (2000). Valuing Young Lives: Evaluation of the National Youth Suicide Prevention Strategy. Melbourne: Australian Institute of Family Studies.Google Scholar
Morano, C., Cisler, R., & Lemerond, J. (1993). Risk Factors for Adolescent Suicidal Behaviours: Loss, Insufficient Familial Support and Hopelessness. Adolescence, 28(112), 851865.Google ScholarPubMed
Reifman, A., & Windle, M. (1995). Adolescent Suicidal Behaviours as a function of Depression, Hopelessness, Alcohol Use and Social Support: A Longitudinal Investigation. American Journal of Community Psychology, 23(3), 329354.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rubin, A. (1996). Unfolding Tomorrow: Adolescents' Images of the Future as the Strategies for Coping with Transition. Paper presented at the Cultural Alienation, Losarvi, Finland.Google Scholar
Scott, J., Williams, M., G, , & Beck, A. T. (1989). Cognitive Therapy in Clinical Practice. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Slaughter, R. (1989a). What is Futures Education? In Slaughter, R. (Ed.), Studying the Future: an Introductory Reader (pp. 1020). Melbourne: Commission for the future, Bicentennial futures education project.Google Scholar
Slaughter, R. (Ed.). (1989b). Studying the Future: An Introductory Reader. Melbourne: Commission for the future, Bicentennial futures education project.Google Scholar
Steer, R., Kumar, G., & Beck, A. (1993). Self-reported Suicidal Ideation in Adolescent Psychiatric Inpatients. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 61, 10961099.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stewart, C. (In Press). Re-Imagining Your Neighbourhood - a Modle of Futures Education. In Gidley, J. & Inayatullah, S. (Eds.), Youth Futures: Comparative Research and Transformative Visions. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger.Google Scholar
Stotland, E. (1969). The Psychology of Hope. San Fransisco: Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar
Taylor, B., & Howard, J. (1998). Educating for Life.: Department of Health and Family Services.Google Scholar
Wildman, P., Gidley, J., & Irwin, R. (1997). Visions as Power: Promises and Perils of Envisioning Desired Futures with Marginalised Youth. Journal of Applied Social Behaviour, 3(2), 1524.Google Scholar
Williams, J. M., & Wells, J. (1989). Suicidal Patients. In Scott, J. & Williams, M., G, & Beck, A. T. (Eds.), Cognitive Therapy in Clinical Practice. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Wilson, N. (1989). The state of the planet and young people's minds. In Slaughter, R. (Ed.), Studying the Future: An Introductory Reader (pp. 3641). Melbourne: Commission for the Future, Bicentennial Futures Education Project.Google Scholar
Ziegler, W. (1991). Envisioning the future. Futures, 516527.Google Scholar