Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-lnqnp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T08:13:10.599Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Academic Achievement Among Recently Arrived Chinese Adolescent Migrants: The Role of Social Support, School Belonging, and Acculturative Stress

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 March 2016

Ngai Kwan Nicole Ho
Affiliation:
School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
Robert D. Schweitzer*
Affiliation:
School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
Nigar G. Khawaja
Affiliation:
School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
*
address for correspondence: Robert Schweitzer, PhD, School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove QLD 4059, Australia. Email: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Factors contributing to academic achievement among recently arrived Chinese adolescents in Australia remain relatively underexplored. Previous studies focused on Asian migrants, including Chinese, but did not distinguish Chinese from other Asian migrants. The current study specifically looks at Chinese migrants who have recently arrived, as opposed to Asian migrants. This study aims to explore the role of social support, school belonging, and acculturative stress on academic achievement of recently arrived Chinese adolescents (n = 55). Questionnaires were administered to this sample. The results indicated that school belonging, interestingly, was negatively associated with academic achievement. Perceived social support and acculturative stress were not significantly associated with academic achievement. The findings provide insights into risk and protective factors influencing academic achievement of Chinese migrants. Implications of the findings are discussed.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s) 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Albeg, L.J., & Castro-Olivo, S.M. (2014). The relationship between mental health, acculturative stress, and academic performance in a Latino middle school sample. Contemporary School Psychology, 18, 171186. doi:10.1007/s40680-014-0010-1 Google Scholar
Australian Bureau of Statistics (2011). 2011 Census quickstats. Retrieved from http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2011/quickstat/0 Google Scholar
Berry, J.W. (2005). Acculturation: Living successfully in two cultures. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 29, 697712. doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2005. 07.013 Google Scholar
Blanco-Vega, C., Castro Olivo, S., & Merrell, K. (2008). Social and emotional needs of Latino immigrant adolescents: An ecological model for developing, planning, and implementing culturally sensitive interventions. Journal of Latinos and Education, 7, 4661. doi:10.1080/15348430701693390.Google Scholar
Bogenschneider, K. (1996). An ecological risk/protective theory for building prevention programs, policies, and community capacity to support youth. Family Relations, 45, 121138. doi:10.2307/585283 Google Scholar
Cohen, J. (1992). A power primer. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 151159. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.112.1.155 Google Scholar
Cortina, J.M. (1993). What is coefficient alpha? An examination of theory and applications. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 98104. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.78.1.98 Google Scholar
Dandy, J., & Nettelbeck, T. (2000). The model student? An investigation of Chinese Australian students’ academic achievement, studying, and causal attributions for academic success and failure. Australian Psychologist, 35, 202215. doi:10.1080/00050060008257480 Google Scholar
Dandy, J., & Nettelbeck, T. (2002). A cross-cultural study of parents’ academic standards and educational aspirations for their children. Educational Psychology, 22, 626627. doi:10.1080/0144341022000023662 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dunst, C.J., Trivette, C.M., & Deal, A.G. (1988). Enabling and empowering families: Principles and guidelines for practice. Brookline, MA: Brookline Books.Google Scholar
Fan, C., & Karnilowicz, W. (2000). The mathematics achievement and aspirations of Chinese-Australian girls and Anglo-Australian girls in Australia. Current Research in Social Psychology, 5, 171190. Retrieved from http://www.uiowa.edu/~grpproc/crisp/crisp.5.10.htm Google Scholar
Fuligni, A.J. (1997). The academic achievement of adolescents from immigrant families: The role of family background, attitudes, and behavior. Child Development, 68, 353363. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1997.tb01944.x Google Scholar
Gonzalez, R., & Padilla, A.M. (1997). The academic resilience of Mexican American high school students. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 19, 301317. doi:10.1177/07399863970193004 Google Scholar
Goodenow, C. (1993a). Classroom belonging among early adolescent students relationships to motivation and achievement. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 13, 2443. doi:10.1177/0272431693013001002 Google Scholar
Goodenow, C. (1993b). The psychological sense of school membership among adolescents: Scale development and educational correlates. Psychology in the Schools, 30, 7990. doi:10.1002/1520-6807(199301)30:1 <79::AID-PITS2310300113>3.0.CO;2-X Google Scholar
Gutman, L.M., & Midgley, C. (2000). The role of protective factors in supporting the academic achievement of poor African American students during the middle school transition. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 29, 222249. doi:10.1023/A:1005108700243 Google Scholar
Hawley, S.R., Chavez, D.V., & Romain, T.S. (2007). Developing a bicultural model for academic achievement: A look at acculturative stress, coping, and self-perception. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 29, 282299. doi:10.1177/0739986307303805 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heaney, C.A., & Israel, B.A. (2002). Social networks and social support. In Glanz, K., Rimer, B.K., & Viswanath, K. (Eds.), Health behavior and health education: Theory, research, and practice (pp. 182209). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Google Scholar
Jibeen, T., & Khalid, R. (2010). Development and preliminary validation of Multidimensional Acculturative Stress Scale for Pakistani immigrants in Toronto, Canada. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 34, 232243. doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2009.09.006 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kia-Keating, M., & Ellis, B.H. (2007). Belonging and connection to school in resettlement: Young refugees, school belonging, and psychosocial adjustment. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 12, 2443.Google Scholar
Leung, C. (2001). The sociocultural and psychological adaptation of Chinese migrant adolescents in Australia and Canada. International Journal of Psychology, 36, 119. doi:10.1080/00207590042000047 Google Scholar
Li, G. (2006). What do parents think? Middle-class Chinese immigrant parents’ perspectives on literacy learning, homework, and school-home communication. School Community Journal, 16, 2746.Google Scholar
Liu, Y., & Lu, Z. (2011). Trajectories of Chinese students’ school belonging and academic achievement over the high school transition period. Learning and Individual Differences, 21, 181190. doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2010.12.007 Google Scholar
McKay, P. (Ed.). (2007). Introducing the NLLIA ESL Bandscales Version 2. In Assessing, monitoring and understanding English as a second language in schools: The NLLIA ESL Bandscales Version 2 (pp. 1213. Brisbane, Australia: Queensland University of Technology and Independent Schools Queensland.Google Scholar
Mena, F.J., Padilla, A.M., & Maldonado, M. (1987). Acculturative stress and specific coping strategies among immigrant and later generation college students. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 9, 202225. doi:10.1177/07399863870092006 Google Scholar
Niehaus, K., Rudasill, K.M., & Rakes, C.R. (2012). A longitudinal study of school connectedness and academic outcomes across sixth grade. Journal of School Psychology, 50, 444460. doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2012.03.002 Google Scholar
Ong, A.S., & Ward, C. (2005). The construction and validation of a social support measure for sojourners The Index of Sojourner Social Support (ISSS) Scale. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 36, 636661. doi:10.1177/0022022105280508 Google Scholar
Pittman, L.D., & Richmond, A. (2007). Academic and psychological functioning in late adolescence: The importance of school belonging. The Journal of Experimental Education, 75, 272290. doi:10.3200/JEXE.75.4.270-292 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Resnick, M.D., Harris, L.J., & Blum, R.W. (1993). The impact of caring and connectedness on adolescent health and well-being. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 29, 9–9. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1993.tb02257.x Google Scholar
Rutter, M. (1987). Psychosocial resilience and protective mechanisms. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 57, 316331. doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.1987.tb03541.x CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sánchez, B., Colón, Y., & Esparza, P. (2005). The role of sense of school belonging and gender in the academic adjustment of Latino adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 34, 619628.Google Scholar
Schmitt, N. (1996). Uses and abuses of coefficient alpha. Psychological Assessment, 8, 350353. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.8.4.350 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwartz, S.J., Zamboanga, B.L., & Jarvis, L.H. (2007). Ethnic identity and acculturation in Hispanic early adolescents: Mediated relationships to academic grades, prosocial behaviors, and externalizing symptoms. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 13, 364. doi:10.1037/1099-9809.13.4.364 Google Scholar
Sciarra, D.T., & Seirup, H.J. (2008). The multidimensionality of school engagement and math achievement among racial groups. Professional School Counselling, 11, 212228. doi:10.5330/PSC.n.2010-11.218 Google Scholar
Shochet, I.M., Smyth, T., & Homel, R. (2007). The impact of parental attachment on adolescent perception of the school environment and school connectedness. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy, 28, 101118. doi:10.1375/anft.28.2.109 Google Scholar
Smerdon, B.A. (2002). Students’ perceptions of membership in their high schools. Sociology of Education, 75, 283305. doi:10.2307/3090280 Google Scholar
Stanton-Salazar, R.D., Chávez, L.F., & Tai, R.H. (2001). The help-seeking orientations of Latino and non-Latino urban high school students: A critical-sociological investigation. Social Psychology of Education, 5, 4882. doi:10.1023/A:1012708332665 Google Scholar
Suarez-Orozco, C., & Suarez-Orozco, M. (2001). Children of immigration. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Sue, S., & Okazaki, S. (1990). Asian-American educational achievements: A phenomenon in search of an explanation. American Psychologist, 45, 913920. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.45.8.913 Google Scholar
Veiel, H.O. (1987). Buffer effects and threshold effects: An alternative interpretation of nonlinearities in the relationship between social support, stress, and depression. American Journal of Community Psychology, 15, 717740. doi:10.1007/BF00919800 Google Scholar
Vialle, W. (2013). The ‘Tiger Mother’ factor: Curriculum, schooling and mentoring of Asian students in an Australian context. In Phillipson, S.N., Stoeger, H., & Ziegler, A. (Eds.), Exceptionality in East Asia (pp. 147166). Abingdon, UK: Routledge.Google Scholar
Wang, S.C., Schwartz, S.J., & Zamboanga, B.L. (2010). Acculturative stress among Cuban American college students: Exploring the mediating pathways between acculturation and psychosocial functioning. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 40, 28622887.Google Scholar
Watkins, M., & Noble, G. (2013). Disposed to learn: Ethnicity, schooling and the scholarly habitus. London, Bloomsbury.Google Scholar
Wentzel, K.R. (1998). Social relationships and motivation in middle school: The role of parents, teachers, and peers. Journal of Educational Psychology, 90, 202209. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.90.2.202 Google Scholar
Witkow, M.R., & Fuligni, A.J. (2010). In-school versus out-of-school friendships and academic achievement among an ethnically diverse sample of adolescents. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 20, 636650. doi:10.1111/j.1532-7795.2010.00653.x Google Scholar