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Diagnosing collisionless energy transfer using field–particle correlations: Vlasov–Poisson plasmas

Part of: PLA The Vlasov Equation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 January 2017

Gregory G. Howes Open the ORCID record for Gregory G. Howes [Opens in a new window] ,
Kristopher G. Klein  and
Tak Chu Li
Gregory G. Howes*
Affiliation:
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
Kristopher G. Klein
Affiliation:
Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA Space Science Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
Tak Chu Li
Affiliation:
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
*
†Email address for correspondence: [email protected]
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Abstract

Turbulence plays a key role in the conversion of the energy of large-scale fields and flows to plasma heat, impacting the macroscopic evolution of the heliosphere and other astrophysical plasma systems. Although we have long been able to make direct spacecraft measurements of all aspects of the electromagnetic field and plasma fluctuations in near-Earth space, our understanding of the physical mechanisms responsible for the damping of the turbulent fluctuations in heliospheric plasmas remains incomplete. Here we propose an innovative field–particle correlation technique that can be used to measure directly the secular energy transfer from fields to particles associated with collisionless damping of the turbulent fluctuations. Furthermore, this novel procedure yields information about the collisionless energy transfer as a function of particle velocity, providing vital new information that can help to identify the dominant collisionless mechanism governing the damping of the turbulent fluctuations. Kinetic plasma theory is used to devise the appropriate correlation to diagnose Landau damping, and the field–particle correlation technique is thoroughly illustrated using the simplified case of the Landau damping of Langmuir waves in a 1D-1V (one dimension in physical space and one dimension in velocity space) Vlasov–Poisson plasma. Generalizations necessary to apply the field–particle correlation technique to diagnose the collisionless damping of turbulent fluctuations in the solar wind are discussed, highlighting several caveats. This novel field–particle correlation technique is intended to be used as a primary analysis tool for measurements from current, upcoming and proposed spacecraft missions that are focused on the kinetic microphysics of weakly collisional heliospheric plasmas, including the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS), Solar Probe Plus, Solar Orbiter and Turbulence Heating ObserveR (THOR) missions.

Keywords

astrophysical plasmasplasma nonlinear phenomenaspace plasma physics
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Plasma Physics , Volume 83 , Issue 1 , February 2017 , 705830102
Copyright
© Cambridge University Press 2017 

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