The University of Nigeria, founded on the initiative of Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe, President of the Republic, is now three years old, and has inaugurated a new College of African Studies, at the beginning of the academic year, 1963–4. The University has already declared that ‘Foreign educational systems provide a reservoir of ideas and experience, yet final answers will be found only by adapting these ideas to the new setting of our time and country.’

C.C.T.A. combined this formal Session, attended by representatives of the member governments, with meetings of its Administrative Committee and its technical assistance organ, the Foundation for Mutual Assistance in Africa (F.A.M.A.). This year's Administrative Committee meeting was notable as the first presided over by the new secretary-general, M Mamoudou Touré, formerly Mauritanian Ambassador in Paris. Delegates warmly welcomed the first African to hold the post, as well as paying tribute to the energetic guidance of his predecessor, M C. Cheysson. Two new member governments, Rwanda and Uganda, were welcomed, and Ghana resumed its place in the Commission, showing a desire to co-operate fully in its activities. There are now 25 African States as full members. The delegates elected as their chairman for the Session Mr A. Z. N. Swai, Minister without Portfolio in the Tanganyika Government, whose business-like approach enabled the agenda to be disposed of on time but without undue hurry.

The African countries, most of them having only recently acceded to independence, are now confronted with the task of achieving economic development in the face of immense problems arising from an acute shortage of trained and skilled personnel, lack of managerial skills and entrepreneurship, scarce capital resources, and grossly inadequate infrastructure. The old highroad to economic development through exports of primary products can no longer serve in the contemporary world as it now confronts the African countries. In the face of the new circumstances, planned development and industrialisation are imperative. But national boundaries are unsuitable to provide balanced markets and supplies to permit of planning on purely national scale for industrialisation and the necessary increase in the efficiency of primary production, beside the building up of an economic infrastructure. Import substitution on a purely national scale would often lead to uneconomically small or under-utilised industries—in either case a drain on scarce resources rather than a basis for further progress. African markets for some time to come. Though given countries may succeed without joint efforts and regional co-operation, most African countries would find it impossible to industrialise and secure the necessary markets, acting individually. The present cash market of most African countries is not larger than that of a moderately-sized European town.1 In other words, in addition to the maximum utilisation of outside markets for traditional and new products, larger markets must be developed within Africa.

This independent research body was formed in March 1959, and consists of a small group of professional economists in the academic, financial, and industrial spheres working in Salisbury, Southern Rhodesia. It aims to provide a forum for informed discussion and analysis of economic problems. The general theme of the Group's work is the development of the three territories of the Federation. The chairman is Professor W. L. Taylor of the Department of Economics, University College of Rhodesia and Nyasaland.

The idea of a permanent co-operating body of Christian Churches in Africa dates back to the first All Africa Church Conference arranged at Ibadan, Nigeria, in 1958, by the International Missionary Council. This brought together some 200 representatives of church bodies from 25 African countries, the majority being African church leaders rather than missionaries. It was the most representative gathering of African Christians that had ever met together. Here for the first time the Church in Africa found its voice.

This Program of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology was conceived in January 1960 as a means for bringing well-trained, working-level assistance to development institutions at a time of acute need. The aim was to aid a few African governments by recruiting to their service exceptionally able young Americans whose education is directly relevant to problems facing these governments. A corollary objective was to expose these promising graduates to front-line experience within African institutions, in the belief (i) that such men and their wives would present a favourable image of highquality young Americans, (ii) that they would mature rapidly through responsible action in the actual business of economic planning and development, and (iii) that upon completing a two-year tour in Africa they would form a promising pool of talent for meeting the manifold needs of the United States in its role towards emerging Africa.

This conference, organised jointly by the Overseas Studies Committee of Cambridge University and the United Kingdom Department of Technical Co-operation, was primarily concerned with economic planning in Commonwealth Africa. The largest delegation, made up of Ministers and civil servants, came from the Federal Government and the three regions of the Federation of Nigeria. Other delegations came from Sierra Leone, Gambia, Ghana, Uganda, Kenya, Tanganyika, Zanzibar, Northern Rhodesia, Southern Rhodesia, Basutoland, and Swaziland, the last four territories being represented primarily by British administrative officers. There were staff members of eight African universities, from Accra, Kumasi, Dar es Salaam, Makerere, Salisbury, Ibadan, Zaria, and Ife. From outside Africa there were delegates from the United Kingdom, the United States, France, Canada, India, and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. Several participants, including the chairman of the conference, Dr R. E. Robinson, came from Cambridge University.

Soon after the first session of the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa in Addis Ababa in January 1959, a Library was established to serve the needs of the Commission's secretariat. A comprehensive list of all the publications concerning Africa available at the U.N. Headquarters Library in New York was prepared as a basis for the acquisition of material. Lists were also drawn up of the government publications required from each individual country, dating back to 1950 (1958 for annuals and periodicals), and these were obtained from the governments concerned. Constant contact is maintained with them, to keep the collection up to date. Non-government publications were purchased through the Headquarters Library during the first four years. Since 1963, the Library has placed orders through booksellers in each country in Africa, and a few others elsewhere. A full list of booksellers in Africa is now being compiled, and will be published as soon as possible.