^{Page 2 note 1} See Huntington, Samuel, Political Order in Changing Societies (New Haven and London, 1968), p. 47Google Scholar: ‘The relationship between social mobilization and political instability seems reasonably direct. Urbanization, increases in literacy, education and media exposure all give rise to enhanced aspirations and expectations which, if unsatisfied, galvanize individuals and groups into politics. In the absence of strong and adaptable political institutions, such increases in participation mean instability and violence.’

^{Page 2 note 2} Cf. Uphoff, Norman and Wade, L. L., ‘The Paradox of Affluence for Political Development: a political economy perspective’; American Political Science Association, Chicago, 09 1971.Google Scholar

^{Page 3 note 1} Almond, Gabriel, Political Development (Boston, 1970), p. 312.Google Scholar

^{Page 4 note 1} Black, Cyril, The Dynamics of Modernization (New York, 1966), p. 54.Google Scholar

^{Page 4 note 2} Rustow, Dankwart, A World of Nations (Washington, 1957), p. 5.Google Scholar

^{Page 4 note 3} Rogers, Everett, Modernization among Peasants (New York, 1969), p. 15.Google Scholar

^{Page 4 note 4} Apter, David, Some Conceptual Approaches to the Study of Modernization (Englewood Cliffs, 1968), p. 197.Google Scholar

^{Page 5 note 1} Raymond Aron, looking back at the Nazi treatment of the Jews, is deeply concerned that the development of rationality may not serve humanitarian ends: ‘In short, to the extent that scientific, technical, economic, or administrative rationality is only a means, it can be used for any end–productive or destructive, hospitals or concentration camps, well-being or power, the unification or the extermination of mankind.’ The Industrial Society (New York, 1968), p. 76.Google Scholar

^{Page 6 note 1} Pye, Lucian, ‘Introduction’, in Pye, Lucian and Verba, Sidney (eds.), Political Culture and Political Development (Princeton, 1965), p. 19CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Apter, op. cit. p. 114; and Whitaker, C. S. Jr, The Politics of Tradition: continuity and change in Northern Nigeria, 1946–1966 (Princeton, 1970), p.4.Google Scholar

^{Page 6 note 2} Rustow, Dankwart and Ward, Robert (eds.), Political Modernization in Japan and Turkey (Princeton, 1964), p. 45.Google Scholar

^{Page 6 note 3} Rogers, op. cit. p. 16.

^{Page 8 note 1} Hydén, Göran, Tanu Yajenga Nchi: political development in rural Tanzania (Lund, 1968), pp. 222–3.Google Scholar

^{Page 9 note 1} Almond, Gabriel and Powell, G. Bingham Jr, Comparative Politics: a developmental approach (Boston, 1966), PP. 76–8.Google Scholar

^{Page 9 note 2} Hydén, op. cit. p. 226.

³ Lofchie, Michael, ‘Representative Government, Bureaucracy, and Political Development: the African case’, in Doro, Marion and Stultz, Newell (eds.), Governing in Black Africa: perspectives on new states (Englewood Cliffs, 1970), pp. 278–94.Google Scholar

^{Page 10 note 1} Mair, Lucy, Primitive Government (Baltimore and Harmondsworth, 1962), ch. 1.Google Scholar

^{Page 11 note 1} See p. 14, below.

^{Page 11 note 2} Cf. Huntington, Samuel, ‘Political Development and Political Decay’, in World Politics (Princeton), XVII, 3, 1965, pp. 386–430.Google Scholar

^{Page 12 note 1} Apter, David, The Politics of Modernization (Chicago, 1965), p. 3.Google Scholar

^{Page 12 note 2} Almond and Powell, op. cit. p. 112.

^{Page 12 note 3} Rustow, op. cit. p. 72.

^{Page 12 note 4} Almond, op. cit. p. 190.

^{Page 12 note 5} Huntington, , Political Order in Changing Societies, p. 1.Google Scholar

^{Page 13 note 1} Ake, Claude, A Theory of Political Integration (Homewood, Ill., 1967), p. 6.Google Scholar

^{Page 13 note 2} See pp. 16–17, below.

^{Page 13 note 3} Donald Levine, ‘Ethiopia: identity, authority, and realism’, in Pye and Verba, op. cit. p. 250.

^{Page 13 note 4} Cf. Almond and Powell, op. cit. p. 196.

^{Page 14 note 1} Weiner, Myron, ‘Political Integration and Political Development’, in Kebschull, Harvey (ed.), Politics in Transitional Societies (New York, 1968), p. 265.Google Scholar

^{Page 14 note 2} Ake, op. cit. p. 1.

^{Page 14 note 3} Geertz, Clifford, ‘The Integrative Revolution: primordial sentiments and civil politics in the new states’, in Welch, Claude (ed.), Political Modernization (Belmont, California, 1967), p. 169.Google Scholar

^{Page 15 note 1} See Almond and Powell, op. cit. p. 295.

^{Page 15 note 2} Cf. Lasswell, Harold, ‘The Policy Sciences of Development’, in World Politics, XVII, 2, 01 1965, p. 299.Google Scholar

^{Page 15 note 3} See Smith, William Edgett, We Must Run While They Walk: aportrait of Africa's Julius Nyerere (New York, 1971).Google Scholar

^{Page 15 note 4} Huntington, , Political Order in Changing Societies, p. 69.Google Scholar

^{Page 17 note 1} See Hydén, op. cit. pp. 165–6.

^{Page 17 note 2} Levine, loc. cit. p. 257.

^{Page 18 note 1} For arguments that economic modernisation may lead to political instability, see Emerson, Rupert, From Empire to Nation (Boston, 1960),CrossRefGoogle Scholar and ‘The Prospects for Democracy in Africa’, in Lofchie, Michael F. (ed.), The State of the Nations: constraints on development in independent Africa (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1971), pp. 239–57.Google Scholar

^{Page 19 note 1} Huntington, , Political Order in Changing Societies, p. 239.Google Scholar