^{Page 445 note 1} Brass, Williamet al., The Demography of Tropical Africa (Princeton, 1968), p. 167.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

^{Page 446 note 1} Page, Hilary J. and Coale, Ansley J., ‘Estimates of Fertility and Child Mortality in Africa South of the Sahara’, paper presented at the Seminar on Population Growth and Economic Development, University College, Nairobi, 12 1969.Google Scholar

^{Page 446 note 2} United Nations, Economic Commission for Africa, ‘Recent Demographic Levels and Trends in Africa’, in Economic Bulletin for Africa (Addis Ababa), V, 01 1965.Google Scholar

^{Page 446 note 3} Ansley J. Coale and Frank Lorimer, ‘Summary of Estimates of Fertility and Mortality’, in Brass, op. cit. pp. 166–7.

^{Page 446 note 4} Romaniuk, Anatole, ‘Infertility in Tropical Africa’, in Caldwell, J. C. and Okonjo, C. (eds.), The Population of Tropical Africa (London, 1968), pp. 214–24.Google ScholarPubMed

^{Page 447 note 1} Caldwell, J. C., ‘Introduction’ to Part 1, The Population of Tropical Africa, pp. 25–6.Google Scholar

^{Page 447 note 2} Som, R. K., ‘Population Prospects in Africa’, paper presented at the Seminar on Population Growth and Economic Development, University College, Nairobi, 12 1969.Google Scholar

^{Page 448 note 1} Source: Caldwell, J. C., The Population of Tropical Africa, p. 16.Google Scholar

^{Page 449 note 1} Hance, William A., ‘The Race between Population and Resources’, in Africa Report (Washington), 01 1968, pp. 6–12.Google Scholar

^{Page 449 note 2} Hance, William A., ‘The Crudeness of Crude Densities’, paper presented at the Seminar on Population Growth and Economic Development, University College, Nairobi, 12 1969.Google Scholar

^{Page 450 note 1} Hance, ‘The Race between Population and Resources’, loc. cit. pp. 8–11.

^{Page 451 note 1} See Coale, Ansley J., ‘Population and Economic Development’, in Hauser, Philip M. (ed.), The Population Dilemma (Englewood Cliffs, 1963), pp. 46–69.Google Scholar

^{Page 451 note 2} Coale and Lorimer, in Brass, op. cit. p. 167.

^{Page 452 note 1} Provisional census returns released in December 1969 suggest that the growth rate has increased to 3.3 per cent per annum.

^{Page 452 note 2} Ministry of Economic Planning and Development, Family Planning in Kenya (Nairobi, 1967), p. 4.Google ScholarPubMed

^{Page 452 note 3} Ibid. p. 5.

^{Page 453 note 1} Ibid. p. 6.

^{Page 454 note 1} Various family planning surveys have been conducted in tropical Africa. The results are summarised by Caldwell, J. C. in a paper on ‘The Control of Family Size in Tropical Africa’, in Demography (Ann Arbor), V, 2, 1968, pp. 598–619Google Scholar. Further references to family planning findings are based on this article.

^{Page 454 note 2} See Dow, Thomas E. Jr, ‘Attitudes Toward Family Size and Family Planning in Nairobi’, in Demography, 4, 2, 1967, pp. 780–97Google Scholar; and ‘Family Planning: theoretical consideration and African models’, in Journal of Marriage and the Family (Minneapolis), XXXI, 2, 1969, pp. 252–6.Google Scholar

^{Page 456 note 1} Freedman, Ronald, ‘The Transition from High to Low Fertility’, in Population Index (Princeton), 10 1965, p. 423.Google Scholar

^{Page 457 note 1} Caldwell, , ‘Introduction’ to Part 2, The Population of Tropical Africa, p. 338.Google Scholar