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Concepts and Strategies of Economic Independence

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 November 2008

Dharam P. Ghai
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Extract

There are few objectives considered more compelling by developing countries than the need to attain their economic freedom. Throughout the Third World, from Bolivia and Botswana to Burma, few themes arouse such mass enthusiasm as the clarion call to economic independence. However, despite its potency in shaping many national goals and policies, very little intellectual effort has been expended in analysing the concept and exploring its ramifications in the realms of politics, economics, or sociology.

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Articles
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The Journal of Modern African Studies , Volume 11 , Issue 1 , March 1973 , pp. 21 - 42
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1973

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References

Page 21 note 1 See, however, Breton, Albert, ‘The Economics of Nationalism’, in The Journal of Political Economy (Chicago), LXXII, 1964Google Scholar; the two essays by Johnson, Harry G. on ‘A Theoretical Model of Economic Nationalism in New and Developing States’ and ‘The Ideology of Economic Policy in the New States’, in his Economic Nationalism in Old and New States (Chicago, 1967)Google Scholar; Sunkel, Osvaldo, ‘National Development Policy and External Dependence in Latin America’, in The Journal of Development Studies (London), VI, 1969Google Scholar; and the forthcoming case studies edited by R. H. Green and J. D. Esseks, Quest for Economic Independence in Africa.

Page 22 note 1 Smith, Adam, The Wealth of Nations (1776),Google ScholarRicardo, David, Principles of Political Economy and Taxation (1817),Google Scholar and Mill, J. S., Principles of Political Economy (1848).Google Scholar

Page 22 note 2 In particular, see Friedman, Milton, Capitalism and Freedom (Chicago, 1962)Google Scholar; also Bauer, Peter T., Economic Analysis and Policy in Underdeveloped Countries (Durham, 1956),Google Scholar and Johnson, op. cit.

Page 24 note 1 For example, Nkrumah, Kwame, Neo-Colonialism: the last stage of imperialism (London, 1965)Google Scholar; and Green, Reginald H. and Seidman, Ann, Unity or Poverty? the economics of panAfricanism (Baltimore and Harmondsworth, 1968), pp. 91—8.Google Scholar

Page 26 note 1 Some political studies have dealt with the economic aspects of colonialism and imperialism: see, in particular, Lenin, V. I., Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism (1916)Google Scholar; Hobson, J. A., Imperialism (London, 1938)Google Scholar; and Strachey, John, The End of Empire (London, 1959).Google Scholar

Page 28 note 1 See Myint, Hla, The Economics of the Developing Countries (New York, 1964), ch. 3.Google Scholar

Page 32 note 1 Cf. Nyerere, Julius K., Ujamaa: essays on socialism (Nairobi, 1968).Google Scholar

Page 33 note 1 Griffin, Keith, Underdevelopment in Spanish America (London, 1969), ch. 1.Google Scholar

Page 33 note 2 Worsley, Peter, The Third World (London, 1964), pp. 130–3.Google Scholar

Page 37 note 1 Cf. Peil, Margaret, ‘The Expulsion of West African Aliens’, in The Journal of Modern African Studies (Cambridge), ix, 2, 08 1971, pp. 205–29.Google Scholar