“Dysphoria, or misery, in various degrees, is perhaps the most frequent and most widespread of all disorders of mind, and that with the most numerous associations with other disorders.”—Mercier's Text-book of Insanity.

It is many years now since Jung first drew attention to what he believed to be of far-reaching significance in the psychological understanding of human personality: the presence of two great psychological divisions of mankind, the outwardly directed or “extraverts”, whose interests and activities turn mainly towards the outer world and whose lives correspond directly with objective conditions, and the inwardly directed or “introverts”, who are influenced more by subjective factors, and whose attitude to the outer world is an abstracting and depreciatory one.

The following is an account of the cases of schizophrenia admitted to Broadmoor from 1900 till 1931.

The use of the term “schizophrenia” in place of “dementia præcox” has rendered the classification of these cases more accurate than would have been possible with the older name, and also made possible the inclusion of several cases which otherwise would have had to be left out.

In recent years there has been an increasing tendency for the papers presented at the meetings of this Association to deal with the application of science to industrial and social problems. The norms of science have been applied to the art of living. The rapprochement on this platform between the scientist and the man of practical affairs has gone even further. Valuable contributions have been made by administrators and leaders of industry which have indicated the scientific implications of the practical problems in their respective spheres; and by no means the least function served by these contributions has been that of propounding problems to the scientists.

The drawings of children have been studied by many observers during the past forty years, and have yielded valuable information for the psychologist, the ethnologist and the pedagogue. Many of the studies were concerned with the development over a period of years of the drawings of a single child (Luquet (12), Stern (19), Eng (3)). Others were concerned with drawings taken from a large number of children of varying ages. Principal among these studies is that of Rouma (17) in 1912, drawn from a wide field, carefully and accurately observed, and published with a wealth of illustration. More recent researchers have employed the quantitative method, and McCarty's (14) study, published in 1924, is of value principally for its elaborate statistical survey.

It is now recognized that mongolism results from defects inherent in the germ-plasm. This has been proved by numerous observers, including Bauer, Orel, Halbertsma, Brousseau and others, who have investigated the occurrence of mongolism in uniovular and biovular twins.

Since 1922, when Kläsi's work on prolonged narcosis with somnifen—a mixture of barbitals—appeared, this form of treatment has become an integral part of the armamentarium of psychiatry. Patients suffering from various psychoses were subjected for a longer or shorter period to intoxication by a hypnotic, with or without the production of a prolonged sleep. Successes—sometimes very great successes—were claimed for this treatment. The number of publications on this subject is so large and the successes described therein so numerous, that the clinical worker is in duty bound to form an independent opinion regarding this method. The question is whether there is anything in this therapeutic method which psychiatry should retain, what that something is, and whether or not we can improve its system of procedure. Too great an enthusiasm is equally dangerous here, as is underrating the method because of a single unfortunate experience during or following the treatment.