Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-sjtt6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-07T19:51:58.008Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Numerical Method as Applied to Impact Resistance Analysis of Ogival Nose Projectiles on 6061-T651 Aluminum Plates

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 October 2012

Y.-L. Chen*
Affiliation:
Department of Power Vehicle and Systems Engineering, Chung Cheng Institute of Technology, National Defense University, Taoyuan, Taiwan 33551, R.O.C.
H.-C. Chen
Affiliation:
School of Defense Science, Chung Cheng Institute of Technology, National Defense University, Taoyuan, Taiwan 33551, R.O.C.
*
* Corresponding author ([email protected])
Get access

Abstract

This research takes the resistance formula of spherical cavity expansion theory as its foundation. It establishes a predictive model of the residual velocity, ballistic limit velocity, and penetration depth of ogival nose projectiles striking metal target plates at high speed. They are aimed at 6061-T651 aluminum plates of different thicknesses using the iterative algorithm of the numerical method, thereby investigating the theoretical calculation of the residual velocity, penetration depth, ballistic limit velocity, and changes in resistance of ogival nose projectiles when making a normal impact target. In addition to analyzing the resistance undergone by the projectile nose section, this predictive model also considers the effects of friction resistance of the projectile shank section. In this research, we also used the finite element software LS-DYNA to perform a simulated analysis on the penetration depth of the aluminum plate after normal perforation by ogival nose projectiles. Ballistic test experiments were then performed using 0.30” AP (armor piercing) bullets. Finally, a comparative analysis was performed based on the theoretical model, experiments, and numerical simulation results.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © The Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, R.O.C. 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1.Bishop, R. F., Hill, R. and Mott, N. F., “The Theory of Indentation and Hardness,” Proceedings of Physics Society, 57, pp. 147159 (1945).Google Scholar
2.Goodier, J. N., “On the Mechanics of Indentation and Cratering in Solid Targets of Strain-Hardening Metal by Impact of Hard and Soft Spheres,” Proceedings 7th Symposium on Hypervelocity Impact III,New York, USA, pp. 215259 (1965).Google Scholar
3.Jones, S. E., Rule, W. K., Jerome, D. M. and Klug, R. T., “On the Optimal Nose Geometry for a Rigid Penetrator,” Computational Mechanics, 22, pp. 414415 (1998).Google Scholar
4.Jones, S. E. and Rule, W. K., “On the Optimal Nose Geometry for a Rigid Penetrator, Including the Effects of Pressure-Dependent Friction,” International Journal of Impact Engineering, 24, pp. 404406 (2000).Google Scholar
5.Forrestal, M. J., Brar, N. S. and Luk, V. K., “Penetration of Strain Rate-Hardening Targets with Rigid Spherical-Nose Rods,” Journal of Applied Mechanics, 58, pp. 89 (1991).Google Scholar
6.Forrestal, M. J., Altman, B. S., Cargile, J. D. and Hanchak, S. J., “An Empirical Equation for Penetration Depth of Ogive-Nose Projectiles into Concrete Targets,” International Journal of Impact Engineering, 15, pp. 396405 (1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7.Forrestal, M. J., Tzou, D. Y., Askari, E. and Longcope, D. B., “Penetration into Ductile Metal Targets with Rigid Spherical-Nose Rods,” International Journal of Impact Engineering, 16, pp. 701706 (1995).Google Scholar
8.Forrestal, M. J., Okajima, K. and Luk, V. K., “Penetration of 6061-T651 Aluminum Targets with Rigid Long Rods,” Journal of Applied Mechanics, 55, pp. 755760 (1988).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9.Frew, D. J., Forrestal, M. J. and Hanchak, S. J., “Penetration Experiments with Limestone Targets and Ogive-Nose Steel Projectiles,” Journal of Applied Mechanics, 67, pp. 841845 (2000).Google Scholar
10.Warren, T. L. and Tabbara, M. R., “Simulations of the Penetration of 6061-T6511 Aluminum Targets by Spherical-Nosed VAR 4340 Steel Projectiles,” International Journal of Solids and Structures, 37, pp. 44194435 (2000).Google Scholar
11.Warren, T. L. and Poormon, K. L., “Penetration of 6061-T6511 Aluminum Targets by Ogive-Nosed VAR 4340 Steel Projectiles at Oblique Angles: Experiments and Simulations,” International Journal of Impact Engineering, 25, pp. 9931022 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12.Piekutowski, A. J., Forrestal, M. J., Poormon, K. L. and Warren, T. L., “Penetration of 6061-T6511 Aluminum Targets by Ogive-Nose Steel Projectiles with Striking Velocities Between 0.5 and 3.0 km/s,” International Journal of Impact Engineering, 23, pp. 723734 (1999).Google Scholar
13.Forrestal, M. J. and Piekutowski, A. J., “Penetration Experiments with 6061-T6511 Aluminum Targets and Spherical-Nose Steel Projectiles at Striking Velocities Between 0.5 and 3.0 km/s,” International Journal of Impact Engineering, 24, pp. 5767 (2000).Google Scholar
14.Børvik, T., Langseth, M., Hopperstad, O. S. and Malo, K. A., “Perforation of 12mm Thick Steel Plates by 20mm Diameter Projectiles with Flat, Hemispherical and Conical Noses Part I: Experimental Study,” International Journal of Impact Engineering, 27, pp. 1935 (2002).Google Scholar
15.Elek, P., Jaramaz, S. and Mickovic, D., “Modeling of Perforation of Plates and Multi-Layered Metallic Targets,” International Journal of Solids and Structures, 42, pp. 12091224 (2005).Google Scholar
16.Rosenberg, Z. and Dekel, E., “A Numerical Study of the Cavity Expansion Process and its Application to Long-Rod Penetration Mechanics,” International Journal of Impact Engineering, 35, pp. 147154 (2008).Google Scholar
17.Børvik, T., Langseth, M., Hopperstad, O. S. and Malo, K. A., “Ballistic Penetration of Steel Plates,” International Journal of Impact Engineering, 22, pp. 855886 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18.Chocron, S., Anderson, C. C. E. Jr., Grosch, D. J. and Popelar, C. H., “Impact of the 7.62-mm APM2 Projectile Against the Edge of a Metallic Target,” International Journal of Impact Engineering, 25, pp. 423437 (2001).Google Scholar
19.Luk, V. K. and Forrestal, M. J., “Penetration into Semi-Infinite Reinforced Concrete Targets with Spherical and Ogival Nose Projectiles,” International Journal of Impact Engineering, 27, pp. 291301 (1987).Google Scholar
20.Forrestal, M. J. and Luk, V. K., “Penetration into Soil Targets,” International Journal of Impact Engineering, 12, pp. 427444 (1992).Google Scholar
21.Forrestal, M. J., Luk, V. K., Rosenberg, Z. and Brar, N. S., “Penetration of 7075-T651 Aluminum Targets with Ogival-Nose Rods,” International Journal of Solids and Structures, 29, pp. 17291736 (1992).Google Scholar
22.Chen, X. W., Li, X. L., Huang, F. L., Wu, H. J. and Chen, Y. Z., “Damping Function in the Penetration/ Perforation Struck by Rigid Projectiles,” International Journal of Impact Engineering, 35, pp. 13141325 (2008).Google Scholar
23.Luk, V. K., Forrestal, M. J. and Amos, D. E., “Dynamic Spherical Cavity-Expansion of Strain-Hardening Materials,” Journal of Applied Mechanics, 58, pp. 16 (1991).Google Scholar
24.Kurtaran, H., Buyuk, M. and Eskandarian, A., “Ballistic Impact Simulation of GT Model Vehicle Door Using Finite Element Method,” Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics, 40, pp. 113121 (2003).Google Scholar
25.Børvik, T., Hopperstad, O. S., Berstad, T. and Langseth, M., “A Computational Model of Viscoplasticity and Ductile Damage for Impact and Penetration,” European Journal of Mechanics A-Solids, 20, pp. 685712 (2001).Google Scholar
26.Børvik, T., Hopperstad, O. S., Berstad, T. and Langseth, M., “Perforation of 12mm Thick Steel Plates by 20mm Diameter Projectiles with Flat, Hemispherical and Conical Noses Part II: Numerical Simulation,” International Journal of Impact Engineering, 27, pp. 3764 (2002).Google Scholar
27.Gama, B. A., Bogetti, T. A., Fink, B. K., Yu, C. J., Claar, T. D., Eifert, H. H. and Gillespie, J. W. Jr., “Aluminum Foam Integral Armor: A New Dimension in Armor Design,” Composite Structures, 24, pp. 381395 (2001).Google Scholar
28.Børvik, T., Forrestal, M. J. and Warren, T. L., “Penetration of 5083-H116 Aluminum Armor Plates with Ogive-Nose Rods and 7.62mm APM2 Bullets,” Proceedings of the SEM Annual Conference,Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA, pp. 969978 (2009).Google Scholar
29.Piekutowski, A. J., Forrestal, M. J., Poormon, K. L. and Warren, T. L., “Penetration of Aluminum Plates with Ogive-Nose Steel Rods at Normal and Oblique Impacts,” International Journal of Impact Engineering, 18, pp. 877887 (1996).Google Scholar
30.Montgomery, R. S., “Surface Melting of Rotating Bands,” Wear, 38, pp. 235243 (1976).Google Scholar