Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dlnhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T07:28:16.153Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Self-organized wrinkling of liquid crystalline polymer with plasma treatment

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 November 2018

Jaehyun Sim ,
Sihwa Oh ,
Se-Um Kim ,
Kyuyoung Heo ,
Seung-Chul Park  and
Jun-Hee Na Open the ORCID record for Jun-Hee Na [Opens in a new window]
Jaehyun Sim
Affiliation:
Department of Electric, Electronic and Communication Engineering Education, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
Sihwa Oh
Affiliation:
Department of Electric, Electronic and Communication Engineering Education, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
Se-Um Kim
Affiliation:
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
Kyuyoung Heo
Affiliation:
Reliability Assessment Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
Seung-Chul Park
Affiliation:
Department of Nature Inspired Nanoconvergence Systems, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
Jun-Hee Na*
Affiliation:
Department of Electric, Electronic and Communication Engineering Education, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; and Department of Convergence System Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Highly ordered wrinkling morphologies of liquid crystalline polymer films are demonstrated based on simple multi-rubbing. The spontaneous pattern formation of periodic wrinkling morphology is achieved through utilizing plasma treatment on a predefined alignment layer. The multi-directional ordering on the alignment layer obtained through selectively covering the alignment layer with a protective layer, which is chemically inert and keeps alignment properties during another rubbing process. The ordering of the wrinkle pattern can be tailored through a molecular orientation of liquid crystal (LC) and a process condition, including film thickness, plasma treatment, and rubbing. The proposed methods enable the spontaneous pattern formation of well-aligned one- or two-dimensionally periodic microstructures over a large area, without an additional template or patterning steps. Since the LC polymer incorporated the optical anisotropic mesogenic groups into polymer chains, it has an optical birefringence in the film and it can be utilized for optical devices requiring a microstructure on a surface.

Keywords

liquid crystalmicrostructurepolymerization
Type
Invited Paper
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 33 , Issue 23 , 14 December 2018 , pp. 4092 - 4100
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Cerda, E. and Mahadevan, L.: Geometry and physics of wrinkling. Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 74302 (2003).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Genzer, J. and Groenewold, J.: Soft matter with hard skin: From skin wrinkles to templating and material characterization. Soft Matter 2, 310 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chan, E.P., Kundu, S., Lin, Q., and Stafford, C.M.: Quantifying the stress relaxation modulus of polymer thin films via thermal wrinkling. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 3, 331 (2011).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Santangelo, C.D.: Buckling thin disks and ribbons with non-euclidean metrics. EPL 86, 34003 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schweikart, A. and Fery, A.: Controlled wrinkling as a novel method for the fabrication of patterned surfaces. Microchim. Acta 165, 249 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Auguste, A., Jin, L., Suo, Z., and Hayward, R.C.: Post-wrinkle bifurcations in elastic bilayers with modest contrast in modulus. Extrem. Mech. Lett. 11, 30 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, B., Cao, Y-P., Feng, X-Q., and Gao, H.: Mechanics of morphological instabilities and surface wrinkling in soft materials: A review. Soft Matter 8, 5728 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ma, S.J., Mannino, S.J., Wagner, N.J., and Kloxin, C.J.: Photodirected formation and control of wrinkles on a thiol–ene elastomer. ACS Macro Lett. 2, 474 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ebata, Y., Croll, A.B., and Crosby, A.J.: Wrinkling and strain localizations in polymer thin films. Soft Matter 8, 9086 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huang, Z.Y., Hong, W., and Suo, Z.: Nonlinear analyses of wrinkles in a film bonded to a compliant substrate. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 53, 2101 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sun, J-Y., Xia, S., Moon, M-W., Oh, K.H., and Kim, K-S.: Folding wrinkles of a thin stiff layer on a soft substrate. Proc. R. Soc. A 468, 932 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowden, N., Huck, W.T.S., Paul, K.E., and Whitesides, G.M.: The controlled formation of ordered, sinusoidal structures by plasma oxidation of an elastomeric polymer. Appl. Phys. Lett. 75, 2557 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ohzono, T., Takenaka, Y., and Fukuda, J.: Focal conics in a smectic-A liquid crystal in microwrinkle grooves. Soft Matter 8, 6438 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, X. and Hutchinson, J.W.: A family of herringbone patterns in thin films. Scr. Mater. 50, 797 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Im, M., Im, H., Lee, J-H., Yoon, J-B., and Choi, Y-K.: A robust superhydrophobic and superoleophobic surface with inverse-trapezoidal microstructures on a large transparent flexible substrate. Soft Matter 6, 1401 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gaillard, J., Hendrus, C., and Vogt, B.D.: Tunable wrinkle and crease surface morphologies from photoinitiated polymerization of furfuryl alcohol. Langmuir 29, 15083 (2013).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jeong, H.E., Kwak, M.K., and Suh, K.Y.: Stretchable, adhesion-tunable dry adhesive by surface wrinkling. Langmuir 26, 2223 (2010).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rodríguez-Hernández, J.: Wrinkled interfaces: Taking advantage of surface instabilities to pattern polymer surfaces. Prog. Polym. Sci. 42, 1 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, S-U., Lee, S., Na, J-H., and Lee, S-D.: Tunable liquid crystal lens array by encapsulation with a photo-reactive polymer for short focal length. Opt. Commun. 313, 329 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, J., Kim, J., Na, J-H., Lee, B., and Lee, S-D.: Liquid crystal-based square lens array with tunable focal length. Opt. Express 22, 3316 (2014).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kang, S.H., Na, J-H., Moon, S.N., Il Lee, W., Yoo, P.J., and Lee, S-D.: Self-organized anisotropic wrinkling of molecularly aligned liquid crystalline polymer. Langmuir 28, 3576 (2012).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kim, J.B., Kim, P., Ṕgard, N.C., Oh, S.J., Kagan, C.R., Fleischer, J.W., Stone, H.A., and Loo, Y.L.: Wrinkles and deep folds as photonic structures in photovoltaics. Nat. Photonics 6, 327 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steinberg, C., Runkel, M., Papenheim, M., Wang, S., Mayer, A., and Scheer, H-C.: Nanoimprint-induced orientation of localized wrinkles with SU-8. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 34, 06K402 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chou, S.Y., Krauss, P.R., and Renstrom, P.J.: Imprint of sub-25 nm vias and trenches in polymers. Appl. Phys. Lett. 67, 3114 (1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tan, H., Gilbertson, A., Chou, S.Y., Faircloth, B., Rohrs, H., Tiberio, R., Ruoff, R., and Krchnavek, R.R.: Roller nanoimprint lithography. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 16, 3926 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kubo, N., Ikutame, N., Takei, M., Weibai, B., Ikeda, S., Yamamoto, K., Uraji, K., Misawa, T., Fujioka, M., Kaiju, H., Zhao, G., and Nishii, J.: Nano-imprinting of surface relief gratings on soda-aluminosilicate and soda-lime silicate glasses. Opt. Mater. Express 7, 4746 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eggert, J., Bourdon, B., Nolte, S., Rischmueller, J., and Imlau, M.: Chirp control of femtosecond-pulse scattering from drag-reducing surface-relief gratings. Photon. Res. 6, 542 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martial, F.P. and Hartell, N.A.: Programmable illumination and high-speed, multi-wavelength, confocal microscopy using a digital micromirror. PLoS One 7, e43942 (2012).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Studart, A.R. and Erb, R.M.: Bioinspired materials that self-shape through programmed microstructures. Soft Matter 10, 1284 (2014).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Na, J-H., Park, S.C., Sohn, Y., and Lee, S-D.: Realizing the concept of a scalable artificial iris with self-regulating capability by reversible photoreaction of spiropyran dyes. Biomaterials 34, 3159 (2013).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Na, J-H., Kim, S-U., Sohn, Y., and Lee, S-D.: Self-organized wrinkling patterns of a liquid crystalline polymer in surface wetting confinement. Soft Matter 11, 4788 (2015).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Na, J-H., Pae, H., Kim, J., Yu, C-J., and Lee, S-D.: A mean-field photoreaction model for the pretilt generation of a liquid crystal on photopolymer layers upon ultraviolet exposure. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 50, 34101 (2011).Google Scholar
Kim, Y-T., Hwang, S., Hong, J-H., and Lee, S-D.: Alignment layerless flexible liquid crystal display fabricated by an imprinting technique at ambient temperature. Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 173506 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chiang, C-H., Tzeng, S-Y.T., Sie, F-C., Huang, R-H., Wu, P-C., Wu, J-J., Lin, T-Y., Liu, A-S., Hsu, L-H., Liau, W-L., and Lien, S-C.: Reduction in driving voltage of vertically aligned ferroelectric liquid crystal display by diminishing anchoring force of alignment layer. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 46, 5917 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Takahashi, N., Yoon, D.Y., and Parrish, W.: Molecular order in condensed states of semiflexible poly(amic acid) and polyimide. Macromolecules 17, 2583 (1984).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huang, C.Y., Lin, C.H., Wang, J.R., Huang, C.W., Tsai, M.S., and Fuh, A.Y.G.: Multidirectional rubbed liquid-crystal cells. J. Appl. Phys. 92, 7231 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koo, K., Na, J-H., Kim, Y-T., Li, H., and Lee, S-D.: Stamping-assisted fabrication technique of the bidirectional alignment layer for wide-viewing twisted-nematic liquid crystal displays. J. Inf. Disp. 10, 180 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Na, J-H., Li, H., Park, S., and Lee, S.: Symmetric-viewing liquid crystal display with alternating alignment layers in an inverse-twisted-nematic configuration. J. Inf. Disp. 12, 191 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yasuda, H. and Wang, C.R.: Plasma polymerization investigated by the substrate temperature dependence. J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Chem. Ed. 23, 87 (1985).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xia, Y. and Whitesides, G.: Soft lithography. Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci. 28, 153 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Qin, D., Xia, Y., and Whitesides, G.M.: Soft lithography for micro- and nanoscale patterning. Nat. Protoc. 5, 491 (2010).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Na, J-H., Cho, S-M., Lee, S-D., and Lim, Y-W.: High-brightness and wide-view transflective liquid crystal display with two in-cell imprinted optical films in an inverse-twisted-nematic geometry. J. Inf. Disp. 12, 11 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, Z., Zhang, J., Xing, R., Yuan, J., Yan, D., and Han, Y.: Micropatterning of organic semiconductor microcrystalline materials and OFET fabrication by hot lift off. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125, 15278 (2003).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wu, S.: Polymer Interface and Adhesion (CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 1982).Google Scholar
Kim, J., Na, J-H., and Lee, S-D.: Fully continuous liquid crystal diffraction grating with alternating semi-circular alignment by imprinting. Opt. Express 20, 3034 (2012).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kim, J., Suh, J-H., Lee, B-Y., Kim, S-U., and Lee, S-D.: Optically switchable grating based on dye-doped ferroelectric liquid crystal with high efficiency. Opt. Express 23, 12619 (2015).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Supplementary material: File

Sim et al. supplementary material

Figure S1

Download Sim et al. supplementary material(File)
File 3.2 MB