Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-l7hp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T22:22:25.692Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Hot deformation behavior and microstructural evolution of Mg–Zn–Ca–La alloys

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 August 2018

Jiqiang Qi ,
Yuzhou Du ,
Bailing Jiang  and
Mingjie Shen
Jiqiang Qi
Affiliation:
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, People’s Republic of China; and Shaanxi Province Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, People’s Republic of China
Yuzhou Du*
Affiliation:
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, People’s Republic of China; and Shaanxi Province Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, People’s Republic of China
Bailing Jiang
Affiliation:
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, People’s Republic of China; and Shaanxi Province Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, People’s Republic of China
Mingjie Shen
Affiliation:
College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021, People’s Republic of China
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

The hot deformation behavior and processing characteristics of Mg–3Zn–0.3Ca–0.4La (wt%) alloys were investigated by hot compression deformation. The results suggested that deformation parameters had significant effects on deformation behavior and dynamic recrystallization of the Mg–Zn–Ca–La alloy. The average activation energy of deformation was calculated to be 188.9 kJ/mol. The processing map was constructed and analyzed based on the dynamic material model, and the optimum hot working window of the alloy was determined to be the temperature of 350 °C and the strain rates between 0.001 and 0.01 s−1. Furthermore, the DRX kinetic model of the Mg–3Zn–0.3Ca–0.4La (wt%) alloy was established, which implied that incomplete dynamic recrystallization occurred for the Mg–Zn–Ca–La alloy in the present work. Microstructure analysis indicated that deformation parameters played a critical role on the microstructure optimization. The dynamically recrystallized (DRXed) region fraction and the DRXed grain size were increased with the increase of deformation temperature and decrease of deformation rates.

Keywords

magnesiumhot compressionmicrostructureprocessing map
Type
Article
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 33 , Issue 18 , 28 September 2018 , pp. 2817 - 2826
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Wang, X.J., Xu, D.K., Wu, R.Z., Chen, X.B., Peng, Q.M., Jin, L., Xin, Y.C., Zhang, Z.Q., Liu, Y., Chen, X.H., Chen, G., Deng, K.K., and Wang, H.Y.: What is going on in magnesium alloys? J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 34, 245–247 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tong, L.B., Zhang, J.B., Zhang, Q.X., Jiang, Z.H., Xu, C., Kamado, S., Zhang, D.P., Meng, J., Cheng, L.R., and Zhang, H.J.: Effect of warm rolling on the microstructure, texture and mechanical properties of extruded Mg–Zn–Ca–Ce/La alloy. Mater. Charact. 115, 1–7 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xu, C., Pan, J.P., Nakata, T., Qiao, X.G., Chi, Y.Q., Zheng, M.Y., and Kamado, S.: Hot compression deformation behavior of Mg–9Gd–2.9Y–1.9Zn–0.4Zr–0.2Ca (wt%) alloy. Mater. Charact. 124, 40–49 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xu, C., Zheng, M., Xu, S., Wu, K., Wang, E., Fan, G., and Kamado, S.: Improving strength and ductility of Mg–Gd–Y–Zn–Zr alloy simultaneously via extrusion, hot rolling and ageing. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 643, 137–141 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, X.B., Chen, R.S., and Han, E.H.: Effects of ageing treatment on microstructures and properties of Mg–Gd–Y–Zr alloys with and without Zn additions. J. Alloys Compd. 465, 232–238 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, L., Zhang, J., Xu, C., Liu, S., Jiao, Y., Xu, L., Wang, Y., Meng, J., Wu, R., and Zhang, M.: Investigation of high-strength and superplastic Mg–Y–Gd–Zn alloy. Mater. Des. 61, 168–176 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pourbahari, B., Emamy, M., and Mirzadeh, H.: Synergistic effect of Al and Gd on enhancement of mechanical properties of magnesium alloys. Prog. Nat. Sci.: Mater. Int. 27, 228–235 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pourbahari, B., Mirzadeh, H., and Emamy, M.: Toward unraveling the effects of intermetallic compounds on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–Gd–Al–Zn magnesium alloys in the as-cast, homogenized, and extruded conditions. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 680, 39–46 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pourbahari, B., Mirzadeh, H., and Emamy, M.: The effects of grain refinement and rare earth intermetallics on mechanical properties of as-cast and wrought magnesium alloys. J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 27, 1327–1333 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pourbahari, B., Emamy, M., and Mirzadeh, H.: Synergistic effect of Al and Gd on enhancement of mechanical properties of magnesium alloys. Prog. Nat. Sci.: Mater. Int. 27, 228–235 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kang, J-w., Wang, C-j., Deng, K-k., Nie, K-b., Bai, Y., and Li, W-j.: Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–4Zn–0.5Ca alloy fabricated by the combination of forging, homogenization and extrusion process. J. Alloys Compd. 720, 196–206 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mendis, C.L., Oh-ishi, K., Kawamura, Y., Honma, T., Kamado, S., and Hono, K.: Precipitation-hardenable Mg–2.4Zn–0.1Ag–0.1Ca–0.16Zr (at.%) wrought magnesium alloy. Acta Mater. 57, 749–760 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, Y.M., Chang, D.Y., Kim, H.S., and You, B.S.: Key factor influencing the ignition resistance of magnesium alloys at elevated temperatures. Scripta Mater. 65, 958–961 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
You, B.S., Park, W.W., and Chung, I.S.: The effect of calcium additions on the oxidation behavior in magnesium alloys. Scripta Mater. 42, 1089–1094 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, G., Fan, Y., Gao, H., Zhai, C., and Zhu, Y.P.: The effect of Ca and rare earth elements on the microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of AZ91D. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 408, 255–263 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vogel, M., Kraft, O., and Arzt, E.: Effect of calcium additions on the creep behavior of magnesium die-cast alloy ZA85. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 36, 1713–1719 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chino, Y., Ueda, T., Otomatsu, Y., Sassa, K., Huang, X., Suzuki, K., and Mabuchi, M.: Effects of Ca on tensile properties and stretch formability at room temperature in Mg–Zn and Mg–Al alloys. Mater. Trans. 52, 1477–1482 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, C., Guan, S., Wang, L., Zhu, S., and Chang, L.: The microstructure and corrosion resistance of biological Mg–Zn–Ca alloy processed by high-pressure torsion and subsequently annealing. J. Mater. Res. 32, 1061–1072 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stanford, N. and Barnett, M.R.: The origin of “rare earth” texture development in extruded Mg-based alloys and its effect on tensile ductility. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 496, 399–408 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stanford, N., Atwell, D., and Barnett, M.R.: The effect of Gd on the recrystallisation, texture and deformation behaviour of magnesium-based alloys. Acta Mater. 58, 6773–6783 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Du, Y., Zheng, M., Qiao, X., Peng, W., and Jiang, B.: Effect of La addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–6 wt% Zn alloys. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 673, 47–54 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, G.G., Huang, G.S., Chen, X., Deng, Q.Y., Tang, A.T., Jiang, B., and Pan, F.S.: Effects of Zn addition on the mechanical properties and texture of extruded Mg–Zn–Ca–Ce magnesium alloy sheets. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 705, 46–54 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Du, Y.Z., Qiao, X.G., Zheng, M.Y., Wu, K., and Xu, S.W.: The microstructure, texture and mechanical properties of extruded Mg–5.3Zn–0.2Ca–0.5Ce (wt%) alloy. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 620, 164–171 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Du, Y.Z., Qiao, X.G., Zheng, M.Y., Wu, K., and Xu, S.W.: Development of high-strength, low-cost wrought Mg–2.5 mass% Zn alloy through micro-alloying with Ca and La. Mater. Des. 85, 549–557 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jarzębska, A., Bieda, M., Kawałko, J., Rogal, Ł., Koprowski, P., Sztwiertnia, K., Pachla, W., and Kulczyk, M.: A new approach to plastic deformation of biodegradable zinc alloy with magnesium and its effect on microstructure and mechanical properties. Mater. Lett. 211, 58–61 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, C-C., Wang, C., Zha, M., Wang, H-Y., Yang, Z-Z., and Jiang, Q-C.: Microstructure and tensile properties of rolled Mg–4Al–2Sn–1Zn alloy with pre-rolling deformation. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 719, 132–139 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yu, Z., Huang, Y., Gan, W., Zhong, Z., Hort, N., and Meng, J.: Effects of extrusion ratio and annealing treatment on the mechanical properties and microstructure of a Mg–11Gd–4.5Y–1Nd–1.5Zn–0.5Zr (wt%) alloy. J. Mater. Sci. 52, 6670–6686 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, X., Zhang, Z., Hu, W., Le, Q., Bao, L., and Cui, J.: Effects of extrusion speed on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg9Gd3Y1.5Zn0.8Zr alloy. J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 32, 313–319 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, B., Baek, S-M., Lee, J.G., and Park, S.S.: Enhanced strength and plasticity of Mg–6Zn–0.5Zr alloy by low-temperature indirect extrusion. J. Alloys Compd. 706, 56–62 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ou, L., Nie, Y., and Zheng, Z.: Strain compensation of the constitutive equation for high temperature flow stress of a Al–Cu–Li alloy. J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 23, 25–30 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liao, H., Wu, Y., Zhou, K., and Yang, J.: Hot deformation behavior and processing map of Al–Si–Mg alloys containing different amount of silicon based on Gleebe-3500 hot compression simulation. Mater. Des. 65, 1091–1099 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lu, J.W., Yin, D.D., Huang, G.H., Quan, G.F., Zeng, Y., Zhou, H., and Wang, Q.D.: Plastic anisotropy and deformation behavior of extruded Mg–Y sheets at elevated temperatures. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 700, 598–608 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lv, B-J., Peng, J., Wang, Y-J., An, X-Q., Zhong, L-P., Tang, A-T., and Pan, F-S.: Dynamic recrystallization behavior and hot workability of Mg–2.0Zn–0.3Zr–0.9Y alloy by using hot compression test. Mater. Des. 53, 357–365 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nie, K., Kang, X., Deng, K., Wang, T., Guo, Y., and Wang, H.: Effect of SiC nanoparticles on hot deformation behavior and processing maps of magnesium alloy AZ91. Nanomaterials 8, 82 (2018).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mirzadeh, H., Roostaei, M., Parsa, M.H., and Mahmudi, R.: Rate controlling mechanisms during hot deformation of Mg–3Gd–1Zn magnesium alloy: Dislocation glide and climb, dynamic recrystallization, and mechanical twinning. Mater. Des. 68, 228–231 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mirzadeh, H.: Quantification of the strengthening effect of reinforcements during hot deformation of aluminum-based composites. Mater. Des. 65, 80–82 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lino, R., Guadanini, L.G.L., Silva, L.B., Neto, J.G.C., and Barbosa, R.: Effect of Nb and Ti addition on activation energy for austenite hot deformation. J. Mater. Res. Technol. (2018). doi: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2017.11.002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Odoh, D., Mahmoodkhani, Y., and Wells, M.: Effect of alloy composition on hot deformation behavior of some Al–Mg–Si alloys. Vacuum 149, 248–255 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zeng, Z.R., Zhu, Y.M., Xu, S.W., Bian, M.Z., Davies, C.H.J., Birbilis, N., and Nie, J.F.: Texture evolution during static recrystallization of cold-rolled magnesium alloys. Acta Mater. 105, 479–494 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sun, C.C., Liu, K., Wang, Z.H., Shu-Bo, L.I., Xian, D.U., and Wen-Bo, D.U.: Hot deformation behaviors and processing maps of Mg–Zn–Er alloys based on Gleeble–1500 hot compression simulation. Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. 26, 3123–3134 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, D., Liu, Y., Zhao, Y., Huang, Y., and Chen, M.: The hot deformation behavior and microstructure evolution of HA/Mg–3Zn–0.8Zr composites for biomedical application. Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. 77, 690–697 (2017).Google ScholarPubMed
Wang, G., Xu, L., Wang, Y., Zheng, Z., Cui, Y., and Yang, R.: Processing maps for hot working behavior of a PM TiAl alloy. J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 27, 893–898 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yu, J., Zhang, Z., Wang, Q., Yin, X., Cui, J., and Qi, H.: Dynamic recrystallization behavior of magnesium alloys with LPSO during hot deformation. J. Alloys Compd. 704, 382–389 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fatemi-Varzaneh, S.M., Zarei-Hanzaki, A., and Beladi, H.: Dynamic recrystallization in AZ31 magnesium alloy. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 456, 52–57 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnett, M.R., Keshavarz, Z., Beer, A.G., and Atwell, D.: Influence of grain size on the compressive deformation of wrought Mg–3Al–1Zn. Acta Mater. 52, 5093–5103 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar